big batch of facts

A new drug lawFederal Decree-Law 30 of 2021, in force from 2 January 2022, lowered criminalthe penalties for use and opened the possibilitypossession: three months in prison or a fine of no punishment20,000 to 100,000 dirhams for a first offence, six months for a second within three years, and two years for a third. A court may send a first offender to a treatment centre instead, for up to a year. Deportation of foreigners convicted of use stopped being automatic, and a first-time offendersvisitor carrying food or products containing drugs has them confiscated without being charged.

Khaleej Times — New UAE drug law, treatment for first-time offenders, imprisonment, deportation outlined 1 unchanged

Parliament amended the Anti-Narcotics Law in August 2017 so that trafficking of 50 kg or more ofin natural drugs such as cannabis orand opium ordinarily reaches the capital threshold at 50 kg, up from 5 kg; for heroin, cocaine and amphetamines it rose from 30 grams to 2 kilograms. The amendmentchange applied retroactively. On 9 January 2018 the head of the judiciary ordered judges to thousandshalt executions and review the cases of prisoners alreadysome 5,000 people under sentence of death, most of whom would have their sentences commuted to 25 to 30 years. Death remained for gang leaders, those who use minors and those who carry arms.

AFP via The Times of Israel — New Iran drug law saves thousands from the noose (10 January 2018) 1 unchanged

A citizens' petition for decriminalisation gathered the 10,000 signatures needed to reach parliament. When a committee heard it in July 2015, whichexperts, ministry officials and deputies were unanimously against, and parliament turned it down. The day after the committee's vote a second initiative, for medical marijuana, was started; two years later it had some 600 signatures, and the author of the first, Vladislavs Lukaperovs, had given up the cause.

LSM — Marihuānas dekriminalizācijas iniciatīvas autors jautājumā vairs neiesaistās (23 September 2017) 1 unchanged

19971998-11-11

A House of Lords committee hears the case forrecommends prescription access to cannabis as medicine

The MS SocietyScience and the Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics gave evidence to a House of Lords committee on therapeuticTechnology Committee published its report after an inquiry beginning in April 1998. It recommended urgent clinical trials and moving cannabis and resin to Schedule 2 to allow named-patient prescribing, as did Geoffrey Guy, founderwhile supporting continued prohibition of the newly established GW Pharmaceuticalsrecreational use. The same yearPatient groups gave evidence. This corrects the MS Society, the Royal Pharmaceutical Societyprevious 1997 dating and separates the British Medical Association organised a1997 conference on clinical trials. The patient groups differed:from the Alliance wanted access to herbal cannabis while trials ran,parliamentary report; the MS Society wouldrecommendation itself did not press for itchange the law.

House of Lords — Cannabis: the scientific and medical evidence, Ninth Report (1998) House of Lords — report publication announcement (11 November 1998) House of Lords — Cannabis, Chapter 8: Opinion of the Committee 1 unchanged

19891988-10-25

An anti-narcoticsThe Law for Combating Illicit Drugs, the Islamic Republic's first drug law, was approved by the Expediency Council on 25 October 1988. It provided for execution for possessing more than five kilograms of hashish. Growing cannabis in order to make drugs was punished like growing the opium poppy, with death at the extreme. Poppy growing was largely stamped out in the 1980s; cannabis proved harder to eliminate.

Ghiabi, Maarefvand, Bahari & Alavi — Islam and cannabis, legalisation and religious debate in Iran, International Journal of Drug Policy 56 (2018) Abdorrahman Boroumand Center — bill adding Article 45 to the Law for Combating Illicit Drugs of 25 October 1988 (July 2017) 1 unchanged

The drug law made possession of any amount of cannabis a punishable offence, graded by weight, with no allowance for personal use. Up to 20 grams of marihuana or 5 grams of hashish is simple possession, with six months to two years in prison; above that and under a pound a person is a distributor, with three to ten years, and over a pound a trafficker, with five to twenty. Growing is treated as trafficking, with two to five years for up to 20 plants. The law created the National Drug Control Directorate and a National Drug Council, and repealed Law 168 of 1975.

FC Abogados — text of Ley No. 50-88 sobre Drogas y Sustancias Controladas with the amendments of Ley 35-90 1 unchanged

The Ershad government banned cultivation in 1987. Sales were prohibited two years later. At Naogaon, where ganja had been grown under licence since colonial times, the ban left about 50,000 people from 7,000 families without their living; many turned to rice, mustard and vegetables. The government sealed the growers' cooperative's warehouses, which still hold more than 226 maunds of ganja.

The Business Standard — British-era Naogaon cannabis society still basks in huge wealth (24 December 2021) 1 unchanged

AUnder Soviet law in Latvia smuggling and dealing in marijuana had been punished with one to three years, while possession and use were not penalised. A Soviet decree of 1974 on strengthening the fight against drug addiction banned cannabischanged that across the union, Soviet Latvia included: possession without intent to sell became a crime.

Wikipedia — Drug policy of the Soviet Union 1 unchanged

possession 3 · cultivation 1 · enforcement 3 · sharing 1 · consumption 3 · access 0

In May 1959, the government added cannabis and its derivatives to the list of illegal drugs and applied the same sanctions used for opium. The Senate passed the law, the first to make cannabis illegal, on 22 June 1959; opium had been prohibited outright in 1955. Iran signed the Single Convention two years later.

Ghiabi, Maarefvand, Bahari & Alavi — Islam and cannabis, legalisation and religious debate in Iran, International Journal of Drug Policy 56 (2018) 1 unchanged

USDA National Agricultural Library — Hemp For Victory, circa 1942, MS0522 1 unchanged

No first law is recorded here for Bolivia. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for Cuba. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for the Dominican Republic. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for Ecuador. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for Honduras. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for Haiti. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for Paraguay. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for El Salvador. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

No first law is recorded here for Venezuela. Its first restrictions on cannabis are assumed to date from betweenafter the 1925 Geneva convention, which put Indian hemp under international control, and the 1961 Single Convention, which required. They were in place by 1950: a ban on non-medical useUnited Nations survey published in January 1951 states that all the American states prohibited the keeping and consumption of hemp.

J. Bouquet — Cannabis (concluded), UN Bulletin on Narcotics, 1951, issue 1 1 unchanged

1925, 1950

Herer had beensays he completed the first edition in 1985 after collecting materialcannabis information since 1973. HisThe book arguedmade industrial hemp, medical use and opposition to prohibition part of one reform argument. The supplied later text argues that hemp could replace major uses of timber and fossil fuels and wood for paper and building, and treated prohibition as; these are the emperorauthor's new clothes. Its backers offered 100,000 dollars to anyone who could disprove its claims. It went through twelve editions and is said to have sold more than 800,000 copies not findings of this index.

The Emperor Wears No Clothes (supplied EPUB, edition unspecified) Wikipedia — The Emperor Wears No Clothes

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says travellers are not allowed to use narcotics or bring them intoPossession is illegal; under the countryTaliban offenders are tried by sharia courts, with imprisonment and could be arrested if they doflogging.

cann, fcdoam

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Afghanistan, safety and security 5 unchanged

No legal recreational source. British travel advice says marijuana, CBD and THC products are illegal to use, possess or trade, including when prescribed elsewhere.

fcdohca, iwpr, upr09, pan26

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice saysLaw 3/99 punishes using a listed drug taking and smuggling are offences, that punishments can be severe and thator holding, buying or growing it for one's own use, with up to three months in prison conditions are very poor, or up to one year where the amount exceeds the average individual need for three days.

lei3, fcdo

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Angola, safety and security 2 unchanged

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice tells travellers not to become involved with illegal drugs of any kind and says possession of even very small quantities can lead toPossession is still a lengthy prison sentencecrime in the drug law, though the Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that an adult cannot be punished for a small amount for personal use in private; no gram threshold was set, so judges decide case by case.

lc, res, sechat, fcdo

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Argentina, safety and security 6 unchanged

Acquiring or storing drugsHolding a small amount without intent to sell is a crimean administrative offence under Article 234.1206 of the Criminal Code when the amount exceeds what is needed for personal use. Under Article 21 of Administrative Offences: a fine of 300 to 400 manat or, where the 2005 narcotics lawcourt finds a fine insufficient, anadministrative arrest of up to two months. A small amount is anything below the "'substantial"' amount set by law is, and a smallperson who hands the drugs in voluntarily is released from liability. A substantial amount without intent to sell is a crime under Article 234.1 of the Criminal Code, with restriction of liberty for one to three years or up to three years in prison, and leadsa large amount brings three to administrative liability insteadeight years.

law2023admin, osce2011criminal, law2023

British travel advice says possession or use of illegalThe law offers an administrative route for small amounts and an exit for those who cooperate: both codes release a person who voluntarily hands in drugs, including cannabis, carries severe penalties, and to expectthe Criminal Code also releases one who actively helps uncover drug crimes. Above the small-amount threshold possession is a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessingcrime with up to three years in prison. No figures on how often users are fined, usingdetained or smuggling themprosecuted were found.

fcdoadmin, criminal

UseUsing a narcotic is an administrative offence. British travel advice says use under the same Article 206 as small possession: a fine of illegal drugs300 to 400 manat or, including cannabiswhere that is judged insufficient, carries severe penaltiesadministrative arrest of up to two months.

fcdoadmin

No legal source. British travel advice says possession or use of illegal drugs, including cannabis, carries severe penalties.

fcdolaw2023, osce2011

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says possessionUse or usea small amount brings a fine of illegal drugs, including cannabis, carries severe penalties, and tells travellers300 to expect400 manat or up to two months' administrative arrest; a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessingsubstantial amount is a crime with up to three years in prison, usingand holding or smuggling them, also in transitcarrying drugs for sale three to seven years. Airport scanners are also used on the baggage of passengers in transit.

fcdoadmin, criminal

Azerbaijan — Code of Administrative Offences, consolidated text (e-Qanun), Articles 206 and 208 Central Bank of Azerbaijan — Code of Administrative Offences, Articles 206 and 208 GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Azerbaijan, safety and security 4 unchanged

Barbados Ministry of Transport and Works — Road Traffic Act, Cap. 295, consolidated through Act 2022-21 (PDF) 9 unchanged

impairment

Road Traffic Act section 85 prohibits driving, attempting to drive or being in charge on a road or public place when drug influence makes proper vehicle control impossible. The government's consolidation provides BDS$5,000 or two years' imprisonment or both for a first conviction, rising to BDS$10,000 or five years or both for a repeat. Licence disqualification is normally twelve months on the first conviction, five years on the second and permanent thereafter, subject to the court's special-reasons exception. These are court penalties, not fixed-ticket amounts. Section 69A makes random alcohol and drug testing by a medical practitioner a licence condition for drivers of articulated and public service vehicles. The numerical concentration branch in section 85 concerns alcohol; its drug branch requires impairment rather than a specified THC value.

roadtraffic2022

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice warns of severeThe Narcotics Control Act 2018 scales its penalties for possessing and trafficking drugspossession by weight, withand courts may impose the death penalty or life imprisonmentsentence for some offences, prisons far below British standards and long detention before a hearing becausemore than two kilograms of court delayscannabis.

wikinetra, fcdowiki

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Bangladesh, safety and security 5 unchanged

Article 32 of Law No. 15 of 2007 treats cannabis aspunishes anyone who buys, possesses or obtains a Schedule I narcotic. Possession and, or a listed plant or its seeds, for consumption or personal use are criminal offences carryingwith imprisonment and finesa fine of up to 3,000 dinars; no minimum or maximum term is stated in the article. Holding it with no intent to traffic or to use personally brings up to seven years and a fine of up to 5,000 dinars. Instead of the penalty for personal use a court may order a person proven to be addicted into a treatment facility.

wikil15

Cultivation isGrowing a crime; inlisted plant for one's own consumption falls under the same Article 32 as possession for personal use: imprisonment and a fine of up to 3,000 dinars. Growing with the intention of trafficking is punished under Article 30 with death or life imprisonment. In one reported case a citizen growing plants at home and holding 767 g of hashish received twelve months and a BD 1,000 fine.

wikil15, dt

Use is an offence. British travel advice saysThe law prohibits consuming or carrying illegal drugs, even a residual amountlisted plant, and even in transittreats use through the airportpersonal-use offence of Article 32: imprisonment and a fine of up to 3, can lead000 dinars, which the court may replace with treatment for a person proven to be addicted. No case is brought against someone who comes forward for treatment voluntarily, or whose spouse or relative asks for it, unless they were caught consuming. Being found in a place set up for drug use, knowing what it is, carries up to a year in prison sentence and deportation.

fcdol15

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says illegal drugs are strictly forbidden, even in residual amounts, alsoPossession for passengers travelling through the airport: using or carrying them can lead to prisonpersonal use brings imprisonment and deportationa fine of up to 3,000 dinars under Article 32, and buying or selling can lead to a life sentencecourt may add permanent deportation of a foreigner as a measure on top of the penalty where the person has a previous conviction under the law. Skincare products and vape refills containing CBD oil are also banned.

wiki, fcdol15

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Bahrain, safety and security 3 unchanged

Illegal under the 2009The Penal Code: anyone who unlawfully holds or consumes as revised in 2017 prohibits possessing narcotics, defined as the substances and plants that a narcotic faceshealth ministry order classes as such. The penalty is one to five years in prison andof penal servitude, a fine of 50100,000 to 100250,000 Burundian francs, or one of the two.

wikicp17

CultivationGrowing narcotic plants is prohibited by the same articles of the Penal Code, with one to five years of penal servitude, a crimefine of 100,000 to 250,000 Burundian francs, or one of the two.

wikicp17

Selling and transporting narcotics fall under the same articles of the 2017 Penal Code as possession: one to five years of penal servitude, a fine of 100,000 to 250,000 Burundian francs, or one of the two. No current sentenceheavier tier for trafficking was found in those articles. British travel advice says to expect a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessing, using or smuggling drugs. A 1977 report recorded only fines, of 100 to 100,000 francs, for growing, transporting or possessing cannabis, and said enforcement was rare.

fcdocp17, wiki

UseConsuming narcotics is punished likeprohibited alongside possession and carries the same penalty: British travel advice saysone to expectfive years of penal servitude, a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessingfine of 100, using000 to 250,000 Burundian francs, or smuggling drugsone of the two.

fcdocp17

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says illegal drugsThe Penal Code punishes possessing, including cannabisconsuming, carry severe penalties and tells travellerstransporting or selling narcotics with one to expectfive years of penal servitude, a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessingfine of 100, using or smuggling them000 to 250, also when only changing planes. Airport scanners are also used on the baggage000 Burundian francs, or one of passengers in transitthe two.

wiki, fcdocp17

Code pénal du Burundi 2017 (Loi 1/27 du 29 décembre 2017), articles 505–507 (Droit-Afrique edition, PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Burundi, safety and security 2 unchanged

British travel advice says possession, use or traffickingA 2017 review of illegal drugs is a serious offencethe 1997 Act found that can result in a lengthyit fixes minimum fines and prison sentenceterms which judges must stay within, offers no alternatives to prison and heavy finescontains no public health or human rights protections. The death penalty, abolished in 2016, no longer applies to any drug offence.

fcdoidpc17, wiki

British travel advice says trafficking in illegalThe 1997 Act punishes export, import and international transport of drugs is a serious offence that can resultwith five to ten years in a lengthy prison sentence and heavy finesa fine of three times the value of the drugs seized (Article 96). Benin serves increasingly as a transit point: seizures of cannabis rose from 82 kg in 2006 to 2,444 kg in 2021.

fcdoidpc17, wiki

Use is illegalprohibited, but a 2017 review of the 1997 Act found that the law does not state a penalty for it; it only says that using drugs is forbidden.

wikiidpc17

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says possession,The 1997 Act prohibits drug use, and importing or trafficking of illegalcarrying drugs is a serious offence that can bring a lengthyacross the border brings five to ten years in prison sentence and heavy finesa fine of three times their value.

wiki, fcdoidpc17

International Drug Policy Consortium and West Africa Commission on Drugs — Drug laws in West Africa, annex of country profiles, November 2017 (PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Benin, safety and security 2 unchanged

Brunei Attorney General's Chambers — Road Traffic Act, Chapter 68, revised edition 2026 (PDF) 4 unchanged

impairment

Road Traffic Act section 26 covers driving, attempting to drive or being in charge on a road or public place while drug influence makes proper vehicle control impossible. The 2026 revised text provides a B$10,000 fine and two years' imprisonment for a first conviction, and B$20,000 and four years for a repeat conviction. The court normally orders at least three years' licence disqualification, starting on conviction or, if imprisoned, on release; it can depart for stated special reasons. Where the offence causes death or serious injury, section 26A allows licence suspension on charge until the court decides the case. Section 26G permits analysis of blood taken for treatment after specified crashes when the person cannot provide breath or consent to blood sampling, on the Police Commissioner's direction. The concentration limit in section 26 concerns alcohol; no numerical THC limit is given there.

traffic2026

No legal source. British travel advice says there are strict penalties for possession, use and trafficking of illegal drugs.

fcdotb1

Belize Attorney General's Ministry — Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic Act, Cap. 230, revised edition 2020 (PDF) 5 unchanged

impairment

Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic Act section 74 defines drug-related unfitness as impaired ability to drive properly. Driving or attempting to drive on a road or public place while unfit carries a fine of at least BZ$500 or one year's imprisonment or both for a first conviction; a repeat carries BZ$1,000–5,000 or two years or both. Being in charge while unfit has a separate BZ$500 or six-month penalty or both, with a defence where there was no likelihood of driving while unfit. Section 91 permits the court to disqualify an offender for a stated period or permanently, generally or for certain vehicle classes, and normally requires licence endorsement. These are the court provisions of the 2020 revised edition; no numeric THC threshold or automatic fixed ban is stated in section 74.

motortraffic2020

Growing and holding drugs of Table I is banned outright (Article 9). Medical-use licences go to pharmacists and similar holders (Article 13). Which tableA justice ministry magistrate told the government's cannabis iscommittee in is set by a ministerial act2017 that was not availablethe law places cannabis and cannabis resin in Table I, the high-risk drugs.

loi97, spm17

The retained sources do not establish collateral consequences beyondBesides prison and fines the court may add optional penalties described aboveunder Article 111 of the drug law: a foreigner can be banned from the country for two to ten years or for good, and anyone convicted can lose civic rights, their passport, their driving licence or the right to practise a profession for six months to three years. A court can order treatment in place of or on top of the penalty (Article 113), and evading it carries two to five years.

spm17

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says penalties for using and possessing drugs are severe and usually includeUnder Article 111 of the drug law a court may bar a convicted foreigner from Cameroon for two to ten years or permanently, on top of the prison sentenceterm and fine.

loi97spm17, fcdoloi97

Cameroon, Prime Minister's Office — presentation by magistrate Bikele Noah Lambert on the legal framework and penalties for cannabis, 23 August 2017 (PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Cameroon, safety and security 1 unchanged

impairment

Article 103 of the drug law punishes driving under the influence of cannabis with the penalties the Penal Code sets for driving while drunk or intoxicated, given by the justice ministry as six months to ten years in prison and a fine of 20,000 to 1,000,000 CFA francs, or one of the two. Where someone is killed or injured the penalties for that offence are doubled. No measured limit is mentioned.

spm17

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice warns thatPossessing a small amount is an administrative offence under the authorities can test foreign nationals for drugs at randomPublic Security Administration Punishments Law, including on arrival,with 10 to 15 days' detention and take hair and urine samples in raids on bars and homes. A person can be prosecuted regardlessa fine of where or when the drug was takenup to 2, so use before travelling is no protection000 yuan; larger amounts are a crime under the Criminal Law. A positive test can bring heavy finesForeigners are detained, detentiondeported and deportation; other offences carry long prison sentences or the death penaltyoften banned from returning.

cmslc, fcdowiki

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: China, safety and security 6 unchanged

oncuba, fcdo

British travel advice says Cuba has aThe government describes its drug policy as zero -tolerance policy against the use, possession and trafficking of drugsa person found with a drug is prosecuted for possession, which carries prison. The state offers free detoxification treatment.

fcdo, oncuba

No legal source. British travel advice says Cuba has a zero-tolerance policy against the use, possession and trafficking of illegal drugs.

fcdooncuba

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel adviceThe government describes aits policy as zero -tolerance policy on; the use,president of the Supreme Court's criminal chamber said in November 2023 that possession and trafficking of illegal drugscarry four to thirty years in prison, and says Cuban courts can give severe penaltiesthat 92% of those sanctioned for drug offences that year were sent to prison.

fcdooncuba

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Cuba, safety and security 4 unchanged

A government regulation sets a lower limit of 2 nanograms ofThe THC per millilitre of blood serum; abovethreshold is 2 ng/ml: reaching it makes a driver is treated aslegally affected and commits at least an administrative offenceunder Regulation 41/2014. The Supreme Court fixed a second line in 2015: atseparate judicial threshold of 10 ng/ml or more the driver is in blood serum establishes a state excluding the abilityfitness to drive, which is for the crime of endangermentcriminal offence. For administrative driving under the influence of, BESIP lists a CZK7,000–25,000 fine, six points and a six-to-eighteen-month driving ban. Refusing alcohol or drug testing carries CZK25,000–75,000, six points and an addictive substanceeighteen-to-thirty-six-month ban. The 2026 cannabis reform didA roadside screening result must be distinguished from laboratory quantification; the 2 ng/ml rule is not change these limitsa statement that every positive saliva test proves that concentration.

epravo16, police_thc, besip_penalties

Czech Police — Kanabidiol: road-traffic prohibition and 2 ng/ml THC threshold BESIP — New points system: table of traffic offences 11 unchanged

The road traffic act sets a fixed limit: drivingDriving with at least 3.5 nanograms or moreng of THC per millilitre of blood serum is an administrative offence under section 24a, with a statutory fine ceiling of up to €3,000 euros. Combining; combining that level with alcohol ishas a separate offence with€5,000 ceiling. Drivers under 21 or in their probationary period face a fine ofseparate cannabis prohibition under section 24c, rather than permission up to 3.5,000 euros ng/ml. The limit does not apply when theBoth provisions exempt THC comes from a medicine taken as prescribed for a specific illness. That exemption does not permit unsafe driving: section 316 criminalises inability to drive safely due to intoxicants, with up to one year in prison or a fine, even without reaching the administrative threshold.

stvg24a, stvg24c, stgb316

Straßenverkehrsgesetz § 24c — alcohol and cannabis prohibition for novice drivers Strafgesetzbuch § 316 — Trunkenheit im Verkehr 11 unchanged

Law 50-88 sorts people into three fixed categories by weight. Up to 20 g of marijuana is 'simple possession': a minimum of six months to two years in prison and a fine of 1,500 to 2,500 pesos (5 g for hashish). Between 20 g and one pound you are a 'distributor', with three to ten years. Over a pound you are a 'trafficker', with five to twenty.

CultivationGrowing marihuana without authorisation is punishedtreated as trafficking. Up to 20 plants brings two to five years in prison and a fine of 2,000 to 10,000 pesos; more than 20 and up to 100 plants three to ten years; larger plantations the trafficker's five to twenty years.

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice saysLaw 50-88 punishes possession of even small quantities of any drug can leadamount: up to a fine and a prison sentence. A case can take several years, during which the person is likely20 g of marihuana brings six months to be heldtwo years in detention,prison and a prison sentencefine, and anything above that is served in full in the Dominican Republictreated as distribution, with three to ten years.

wiki, fcdofc

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Dominican Republic, safety and security 4 unchanged

law25, fcdomatin26

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice describes zero tolerance for drug offences:Since the penalties for traffickingMay 2023 amendment of Law 04-18, smugglingbuying, using and possessing illegalor holding drugs are severefor personal use carries two months to two years in prison and can include the death penaltya fine of 20, depending on how serious the offence is000 to 50,000 dinars; Law 25-03 of July 2025 allows a death sentence for production and trafficking in aggravated circumstances.

wikitsa23, fcdolaw25

Le Matin d'Algérie — Trafic de drogue : neuf condamnations à mort, première application de la nouvelle loi (October 2026) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Algeria, safety and security 5 unchanged

Use is a crime. British travel advice lists use alongside, punished through possession for personal use. An Egyptian newspaper's summary of Law 182 of 1960 gives one to three years in prison and trafficking as a serious offence that can lead, evenfine for small amountsa person caught with narcotics for their own use, with the exact sentence left to very long sentencesthe judge.

fcdowatan19, law

No legal source. British travel advice says possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs is a serious offence.

fcdolaw

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice warns that possession, use or trafficking can, evenUnder the narcotics law a person caught with a drug for small amounts, leadtheir own use faces one to life imprisonmentthree years in prison and a fine. Bringing narcotics into or out of the death penaltycountry falls under Article 33, which allows the death sentence and that people given a life sentence on drugs charges normally spend the restfine of their lives in prison100,000 to 500,000 pounds, and dealing inside the country under Article 34, with no parolelife imprisonment or pardondeath.

fcdowatan19, law

Al-Watan (Tarek Abbas) — penalties under the narcotics law from use to smuggling and trafficking, 3 May 2019 GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Egypt, safety and security 2 unchanged

There are no legal shops for anyone. What exists is the tolerated network of private membe … Carrying or using cannabis in public brings the same fine for a visitor as for a resident. British travel advice goes further in its warning: possession of even a small quantity can lead to arrest and detention, and smuggling carries a long prison sentence, also in airport transit.

tni, wiki, boe, fcdo

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Spain, safety and security 11 unchanged

No medical cannabis. In March 2019 the health minister said growing cannabis for medical purposes had never been recognised or approved, and the Investment Commission said it would issue no permit to grow it, after a proposed farm in the Amhara region caused a public outcry.

leaf, rep19, fort19

The Reporter Ethiopia — Planned cannabis project faces backlash (16 March 2019) Addis Fortune — A soft, misunderstood drug (23 March 2019) 2 unchanged

Fiji Government Trade Portal — Land Transport Act 1998, with 1999 and 2000 amendments (PDF) 4 unchanged

impairment

Land Transport Act section 102 makes driving or being in charge while drug influence prevents proper vehicle control an offence. Police can forbid driving, take the keys and immobilise or remove the vehicle until the person can control it, with a right to request review by a more senior officer in the circumstances specified by the Act. The government's published statutory penalty schedule lists a maximum FJ$5,000 fine or five years' imprisonment or both, plus five years' disqualification, subject to the court's statutory powers concerning disqualification. These are court penalties, not a roadside ticket tariff. Section 103's numerical concentration offence concerns alcohol; no quantified THC threshold appears in section 102. The Trade Portal's February 2025 upload reproduces a text incorporating 1999 and 2000 amendments; later changes to the penalty schedule remain a verification target.

landtraffic

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says illegal drugs, includingUsing or possessing cannabis, carry severe penalties, including imprisonment is a criminal offence punishable by up to one year in prison and heavy finesa €3,750 fine; since September 2020 police can instead issue a fixed fine on the spot for possessingamounts under 50 g, using or smuggling them, also when transiting through airports, ports and Eurostar stations, whose scanners are used on transit baggage tooof €200.

cxcidj, fcdocx

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: France, safety and security 10 unchanged

ItThe THC limit is an offence to drive with more than 2 micrograms of THC per litre of whole blood, whether or not driving is affected; the government describes the limits for illegal drugs as a zero-tolerance approach. The limits apply in England and Wales and, since 21 October 2019, Scotland. PoliceExceeding the limit can use abe an offence without proof of impaired driving. A roadside kit that screenssaliva screen for cannabis and requireis followed by evidential testing; a positive screen alone is not the measured blood or urine sample at a stationconcentration. A conviction bringsPatients taking a lawfully supplied medicine as instructed can raise a medical defence to the specified-limit offence, but not to driving ban of at leastwhile impaired. GOV.UK lists a minimum one-year driving ban, an unlimited fine, and up to six months in prison and a criminal record, and stayswith the conviction recorded on the licence for 11eleven years. Northern Ireland instead prosecutes driving while unfit through drugs, with a minimum one-year ban and a fine of up to £5,000; these Great Britain blood limits do not apply there.

govdd, govlim, scot_driving, drug_medical, ni_driving

Northern Ireland government — Drug driving Scottish Government — Drug driving and medicine: drug limits Department for Transport — Drug driving guidance for healthcare professionals 12 unchanged

Consumption is an offence. British travel advice says there are severe penalties for allA 2017 review of the decree-law gives one to six months in prison where the drug offencesis cannabis, against two to twelve months for other drugs, and says first-time offenders can be exempted from punishment. Users who need help from the health services have their identity protected.

fcdoidpc17, dl2b93

No legal source. British travel advice says there are severe penalties for all drug offences.

fcdoun

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says there are severe penaltiesPossession of cannabis for all drug offences and that localone's own use carries one to six months in prison conditions are harsh, from which a first-time offender can be exempted; supplying it, even free of charge, is trafficking.

fcdoidpc17, dl2b93

International Drug Policy Consortium and West Africa Commission on Drugs — Drug laws in West Africa, annex of country profiles, November 2017 (PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Guinea-Bissau, safety and security 2 unchanged

No legal source. British travel advice says there are severe penalties for trafficking, and that drug use can bring three to nine months in a rehabilitation centre.

fcdolaw

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. Every cannabis product is illegal, including medicinal cannabis, CBD, hemp products, oils, creams and edibles. British travel advice says police often raid venues popular with foreignersCannabis is a Class I narcotic under Law 35 of 2009, especiallyand possession carries four to twelve years in Bali,prison and can require a urine or blood test on suspicionvery large fine; a positive result leadsperson who can prove they are a user may instead get up to arrest. Those caught face long prison sentencesfour years or the death penalty, and cases are long and costlycourt-ordered rehabilitation.

tempo, fcdogp

Indonesia — Law 22/2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation (JDIH BPK) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Indonesia, safety and security 6 unchanged

impairment

Article 106(1) of Law 22/2009 requires proper driving with full concentration. Its official explanation expressly includes alcohol or drugs affecting driving ability. Article 283 punishes abnormal driving or a condition that disrupts concentration with up to three months' detention or a fine of up to Rp750,000. This is a driving-ability rule, not a specified THC concentration in the provisions reviewed. Article 314 also permits licence revocation or compensation as an additional penalty for traffic offences; licence loss is not automatic under article 283.

traffic22

The one legal cannabis product is open to anyone: bhang, made from the leaves, is sold ove … ncy condition described. Flower and resin have no legal source for residents or visitors. British travel advice warns of a minimum sentence of six months forUnder the NDPS Act possessing a small amount for personal use andquantity, up to ten years for other amounts1 kg of ganja or 100 g of charas, and that the slow courts can mean several yearsis punishable by up to one year in detention whileprison, a case is heardfine of ₹10,000, or both, and consumption alone by up to six months.

hg, boom, fcdoipl

India Code — Motor Vehicles Act 1988, sections 20 and 185 (older consolidation; fines checked against current transport guidance) Odisha Motor Vehicle Department — FAQs on driving under the influence of ganja and drunken driving GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: India, safety and security 7 unchanged

impairment

Section 185 of the Motor Vehicles Act covers driving or attempting to drive while under the influence of a drug to the extent of being incapable of proper vehicle control; it is not a fixed THC blood-limit offence. The transport department explicitly includes ganja and charas. A first offence can bring up to six months in prison, a ₹10,000 fine, or both; a repeat offence up to two years, a ₹15,000 fine, or both. Section 20 provides disqualification for at least six months on a section 185 conviction.

mva_driving, odisha_driving

Shafaq News — Iraq's Interior Ministry, over six tons of drugs seized in 2024 (28 December 2024) Peregraf — Kurdistan Region sees dramatic increase in drug arrests since 2014, putting prisons under strain (October 2023) 3 unchanged

The interior ministry reported 14,438 arrests for trafficking, dealing and personal use in 2024, with 8,930 convictions and more than six tonnes of drugs seized; the figures cover all drugs. In the Kurdistan Region, which has its own law since 2020, arrests rose from 142 in 2014 to 2,017 in 2022, and in October 2023 a fifth of all prisoners, 1,097 people, were held for narcotics, 617 of them for use.

shafaq24, pere23

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says it is illegal to importUnder the Anti-Narcotics Law, sell, manufacturepossessing a small quantity of cannabis or consume drugshashish, that penalties for importing and possessing them are severe and enforcedroughly under 50 g, is punished with a fine and that many people convicted of drug offencesup to 50 lashes rather than prison; penalties climb steeply with quantity, foreign nationals among them, have been executedto long imprisonment.

wikilc, fcdowiki

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Iran, safety and security 5 unchanged

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says illegal drugsPossession for personal use is an administrative offence under Article 75 of the drug law: there is no fine, including cannabis, carry severe penalties and tells travellers to expectbut the prefect can suspend a long jail sentence and heavy fines for possessingdriving licence, usingpassport or smuggling them, also when only changing planesfirearms licence for one to three months. Airport scanners are also used on the baggage of passengers in transit.

hempdpnsee, giq, fcdohemp

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Italy, safety and security 11 unchanged

Jamaica Parliament — Road Traffic Act 2018 (PDF) Jamaica Constabulary Force — offence codes and fines 2023 (PDF) Jamaica Information Service — Road Traffic Regulations 2022 (PDF) 8 unchanged

impairment

The Road Traffic Act 2018 makes drug influence that prevents proper vehicle control an offence when driving, attempting to drive or being in charge on a road or public place. Its court penalty table lists a maximum J$50,000 fine, with fourteen days' imprisonment in default of payment, and fourteen demerit points. Conviction normally brings twelve months' licence disqualification; the court can depart for special reasons or impose a longer ban. Separately, section 123(j) prohibits smoking ganja while driving, attempting to drive or being in charge on a road, without requiring proof of impairment. Police list a J$10,000 fixed penalty and two points for that offence; the Act's court maximum is J$20,000, with seven days in default of payment. These are distinct penalties. No quantified THC limit was verified in the Act and 2022 Regulations reviewed.

rta2018, jcftraffic, rtaregs2022

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice describes zero tolerance: a person can be charged if an illegal substancePossession of any amount is found in the bloodstream, whether or not they knew they had taken it, refusing a police test can lead to arrestcrime, and hospitals usually report drugs they detect. British nationals have been arrested for receiving small quantities by post, and trafficking sentences have run from 6with up to 17seven years in prison since December 2024. First offenders with finessmall amounts commonly receive a suspended sentence, but arrest, weeks of 3 to 4 million yendetention and public naming are routine.

emgiq, fcdodia

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Japan, safety and security 6 unchanged

Cannabis (bhang) is prohibited underSection 3 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, as amended in March 2022. The amendment introduced, gives cannabis (bhang) its own tier: a lesser penaltyperson who satisfies the court that the cannabis was solely for their own consumption faces up to five years in prison or a very small amountfine of cannabis held for personal useup to 100,000 shillings, and extremely heavy ones above itthe court may add a treatment or rehabilitation programme of at least six months. Where that is not shown the trafficking section applies, which also covers possession: reports cite a fine of at least 30 million shillings or 30thirty years in prison for 1– to 100 g of narcotics, and life for more thanat least 50 million shillings or fifty years above 100 g.

sn, act, sn

Cultivation carriesSection 6 punishes cultivating a heavyprohibited plant, or letting premises be used for it, with a fine and long imprisonmentof 250, plus forfeiture000 shillings or three times the market value of the plants, whichever is greater, up to twenty years in prison, or both. Under Section 7 the court must also order the land forfeited to the government.

Trafficking carries life imprisonmentSection 4 punishes trafficking, and finespossession it treats as trafficking, with a fine of at least 30 million shillings or thirty years in prison for 1 to 100 g, and at least 50 million shillings or three times the market value, or fifty years, above 100 g.

sn, act

Smoking, inhaling, sniffing or otherwise using cannabisa narcotic drug, or being found without excuse in a place people use for it, is an offence under Section 5 with a fine of not less than 250,000 shillings, at least five years in prison, or both.

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says a person convicted of using drugs faces a heavy fine and a prison sentence, possessionCannabis held solely for one's own consumption carries up to tenfive years in prison or a fine of up to 100,000 shillings; using it carries a fine of not less than 250,000 shillings or at least five years; and possession treated as trafficking can bring life imprisonmentcarries thirty years for as little as one gram.

cfmact, fcdocfm

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Kenya, safety and security 6 unchanged

No legal source. British travel advice says it is illegal to possess or use drugs.

fcdoglepha

Hemp is grown under permit for fibre and seed in designated areas; no. Since July 2020 two districts of Andong form a regulation-free zone where hemp with less than 0.3% THC may be grown and CBD extracted as a pharmaceutical raw material. No other production.

slg, asiae20

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice warns of long prison sentences and heavy fines forUnder the Narcotics Control Act, possessing, usingacquiring, transporting or trafficking drugsstoring cannabis carries up to five years in prison or a fine of up to 50 million won, and says this applies even to personal use of small amounts of marijuanaincludes edibles, vapes and gummies brought or mailed from abroad. British nationals have been detained on the basis of drug tests alone.

slgkt2, fcdoslg

Asia Economy — report on the designation of the Gyeongbuk industrial hemp zone (7 July 2020) The Korea Times — Drug offenders in Korea exceed 20,000 for first time in 2023 (26 June 2024) Wikipedia — Cannabis in South Korea GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: South Korea, safety and security 7 unchanged

The prosecution service recorded 27,611 people caught for drug offences of all kinds in 2023, against 18,395 in 2022, the first time the figure passed 20,000; 1,477 were teenagers and 3,151 foreigners. The published report did not give a figure for cannabis. An older count put cannabis at about 1% of the 11,916 drug arrests of 2015.

kt24, wiki

Holding a small amount without intent to sell is dealt with at the lowest level of Article 296 of the Criminal Code: covers acquiring, keeping, making or carrying drugs without intent to sell. The basic offence brings a fine of up to 160 monthly calculation indices, corrective or community work, up to 160 hours of community service or arrest of up to 40 days; a 'large amount' raises this to 200 indices, 200 hours or 50 days; an 'especially large amount' brings three to seven years in prison. Sources differ on whetherThe amounts under about 5 g are handled purely administrativelyset in a government table. Larger amounts bring three to ten yearsA person who voluntarily hands over drugs acquired for personal use, or seeks medical help, is released from criminal liability.

cc296, zakon

Unauthorised cultivation isArticle 300 of the Criminal Code punishes sowing or growing cannabis and other prohibited plants with a crimefine of up to 2,000 monthly calculation indices, corrective work, up to 600 hours of community service, or restriction of liberty or prison for up to two years. A large amount, a group or a repeat offence brings three to eight years; an especially large amount or a criminal group seven to twelve. Since 2025, licensed companies may grow registered hemp varieties containing no more than 0.3% THC; individuals may not.

cc300, tn25, l279

British travel advice givesArticle 297 of the sentences for possessingCriminal Code punishes acquiring, storing or transporting drugs in order to distributefor sale, and selling them as, with five to eight years, in prison and confiscation of property; six to ten years for a large amountsamount; seven to twelve for a group, a repeat offence, an especially large amount or a public place; and fifteen to twenty for a criminal group, an official, or sale in a school or to a minor.

fcdocc297

UseUsing drugs for non-medical purposes in a public placesplace is an offence; officials under the first part of Article 296: a fine of up to 80 monthly calculation indices, corrective work, up to 80 hours of community service or arrest of up to 20 days. A person who voluntarily seeks medical help is released from liability. Officials have proposed softening the treatment of users.

cc296, zakon, nt

No legal source. British travel advice says illegal drugs, including cannabis, carry severe penalties.

fcdozakon

Reliable national information about lawfulSince 2025 licensed companies may grow listed hemp varieties for industry. The country's cannabis production was not established byis otherwise wild: some 140,000 hectares in the retained sourcesChu valley, which the interior ministry once estimated could yield 140,000 tonnes of marijuana a year, policed each summer in an operation named Poppy.

nat09, fp14

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says illegal drugs, including cannabis, carry severeThe Criminal Code's penalties and tells travellers to expect a long jail sentence and heavyrun from fines for possessing, using or smuggling them, also when only changing planes. It lists 5up to 840 days' arrest for holding drugs without intent to sell to five to eight years in prison for possessing, storingwith confiscation of property, for holding or transporting drugscarrying them for distributionsale. Advertising or promoting drugs is a separate crime under Article 299-1, 6 to 10 years for large amounts, andadded in 2019: up to 3three years for advertising drugsin prison, or 3three to 6 yearssix when socialdone online, through the media is used; prison conditions are basicor in a place where many people gather.

fcdocc296, cc297, cc2991

Kazakhstan — Criminal Code of 3 July 2014, Article 300 (kodeksy-kz.com) Kazakhstan — Criminal Code of 3 July 2014, Article 299-1 (kodeksy-kz.com) Kazakhstan — Criminal Code of 3 July 2014, Article 296, text current to October 2026 (kodeksy-kz.com) Kazakhstan — Criminal Code of 3 July 2014, Article 297, text current to October 2026 (kodeksy-kz.com) The National — Roots of drug trade run deep (14 September 2009) Foreign Policy via TNI — Kazakhstan wants to attract Big Pharma to its 'Cannabis Klondike' (15 January 2014) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Kazakhstan, safety and security 7 unchanged

Possession of up to 1 g of dried cannabis (5 g undried, 0.1 g of hashish) is an administra … three months, community service or a fine. Anything above 1 g is criminal from the start. With the first penalty the person is warned in writing that a repeat within a year is a crime.

wiki, euda, lvp14

One of the EU's lowest thresholds: a single gram separates a fine from a criminal case, and repeat users are prosecuted. Parliament has discussed decriminalisation without acting; in 2019 one person was fined fifteen times in a year.

euda, bt, lsm20

Industrial hemp only. Fibre hemp returned to Latvian fields in 2009, when the first hundred hectares were sown; growers have been mistaken for drug producers, as in 2018, when police pulled up a pensioner's 363 plants and later apologised.

wiki, lvp10, lsm21

No medical cannabis programme. In 2018 the health minister said there were more important things to discuss; in April 2025 one of the governing parties decided to seek a rule letting doctors prescribe cannabis medicines, saying patients now obtain them illegally.

wiki, lsm18, bt25

LV portāls — Soda par jebkura narkotisko vielu daudzuma glabāšanu (20 February 2014) LSM — Decriminalization of soft drugs on the table at Latvian Saeima (29 September 2020) LSM — Čakša, šobrīd ir svarīgākas lietas par marihuānas legalizācijas diskusiju (23 August 2018) The Baltic Times — Progressives to continue pushing legalization of medical marijuana (14 April 2025) LV portāls — Citas kaņepes, Latvijas neizmantotā iespēja (25 January 2010) LSM — Viļānu novada «kaņepju sieva» saņems 1500 eiro kompensāciju (3 February 2021) Slimību profilakses un kontroles centrs — Latvija, Valsts ziņojums par narkotikām 2020 (PDF) 7 unchanged

In 2019 Latvia registered 3,159 drug crimes, 7.9% of all recorded crime, most of them use or possession of small amounts. Courts convicted 1,370 people and 3,203 received administrative penalties; since 2018 the number punished administratively has risen and the number convicted has fallen. Marijuana is the drug most often seized. The figures cover all drugs.

spkc20

Cannabis, called rongony, is grown on a large scale for the home market and for neighbouring islands. A 2021 study estimated that the commune of Antsahabe alone produces at least 200 tonnes a year, and surveys in mid-2020 found a gram costing about three US cents, the lowest price in the Indian Ocean islands. A farmer was paid about 20,000 ariary for a kilogram, close to the price of cocoa, while a dealer selling to consumers earned 100,000 to 150,000. The gendarmerie seized close to 53 tonnes in 2020. Officers describe armed traffickers in the growing areas, and policing is thin: about one gendarme for 4,000 rural residents.

gitoc

Possession remains a serious crime under the 1993 narcotics law,: a person caught with multi-year minimum sentenceseven a small quantity for personal use risks five to ten years in prison under Section 16. The FebruaryIn 2018 amendmentparliament rejected a clause that would have spared small amounts, and softened only the treatment of use, not of possession.

tni18, tni, law

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says possession of illegal drugs can bringHolding even a fine and a prison sentence of at least 5 and at most 10 years, regardless of thesmall quantity; trafficking for personal use carries at least 15five to ten years or evenin prison under Section 16 of the death penalty1993 narcotics law.

tnitni18, fcdolaw

Transnational Institute — commentary on Myanmar's amended drug law and National Drug Control Policy, 20 March 2018 GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Myanmar, safety and security 4 unchanged

No legal source. British travel advice says possession, trafficking and manufacture of any illegal drug, cannabis included, are serious offences and that the authorities have a zero- tolerance policy.

fcdomi

Malawi Government Trade Portal — Road Traffic Act, Chapter 69:01 (PDF) 5 unchanged

impairment

Road Traffic Act section 128 prohibits driving on a public road under the influence of a drug having a narcotic effect. It also covers occupying the driver's seat with the engine running and sitting beside a learner as the licensed supervisor. Drug-analysis evidence is admissible; police may require blood or urine samples, and refusal can lead to arrest. The statutory text provides up to three years' imprisonment, or a fine or both; injury or death raises the prison ceiling to five years. Section 60 requires licence and permit suspension of at least six months for a first offence, one year for a second and five years for a third or later offence. The numerical concentration rule is for alcohol, not THC. The source's monetary fine amounts were not verified against subsequent revisions and are not presented as current ticket tariffs.

roadtraffic

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says penalties for drug offences are severe, with sentences ofThe individual permit that allows an adult to hold up to 25 years28 g is issued by the health regulator COFEPRIS; without one, and advises visitors notup to become involved with drugs of any kind5 g is not prosecuted and anything above that can be.

cms, giq, yuc, fcdo

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Mexico, safety and security 13 unchanged

UnderSection 6 of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952: punishes possession of under 20 g carries up to five years in prisoncannabis, or of the seeds of the plant, with a fine of up to RM20,000, up to five years in prison, or both;. Section 39A raises this by weight: 20– g or more but under 50 g carriesbrings two to five years plusand three to nine strokes of the cane; 50–200 g carriesor more brings five years to life plusand at least ten strokes. AtA person found with 200 g you areor more is presumed to be a traffickertrafficking.

wikidda

Cultivating a cannabisSection 6B forbids planting or cultivating any plant carries lifefrom which cannabis can be obtained, and allowing it on land one owns or occupies. The penalty is imprisonment for life and caningat least six strokes of the cane, with no lesser tier for a single plant, and a person found on the land is presumed to be the grower. Only a public officer authorised by the Minister may grow, for research, educational, experimental or medical purposes.

wikidda

SelfSection 15 makes consuming or self-administration isadministering a listed drug an offence with up to two years or a fine of up to RM5, proved by urine test, and can lead000 or up to compulsory rehabilitationtwo years in prison.

dda, wiki

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice describes zero tolerance: even small amounts can mean arrestUnder the Dangerous Drugs Act possession of any amount is an offence, detention and a long20 g or more brings caning as well as prison sentence, possibly whipping, and death by hanginga person found with 200 g or more is possible forpresumed to be trafficking. Police often raid venues popular with foreigners and can require a urine, which carries death or blood test on reasonable suspicion; a positive test means arrest. Travellers have been caughtlife imprisonment with cannabis while only in transitat least twelve strokes.

wiki, fcdodda

Malaysia — Road Transport Act 1987 (Act 333), updated text as at 15 October 2023 (APAD, PDF) Malaysia — Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 (Act 234), incorporating amendments up to Act 846 (Ministry of Health, Pharmaceutical Services, PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Malaysia, safety and security 4 unchanged

impairment

Road Transport Act section 44 covers drug influence that makes the driver incapable of proper control and causes injury or death. A first conviction causing injury carries seven to ten years in prison, a RM30,000–50,000 fine and at least seven years' licence disqualification. Causing death carries ten to fifteen years, RM50,000–100,000 and at least ten years' disqualification; repeat convictions bring higher penalties. Section 45 separately covers an unfit person in charge of a vehicle on a road or public place while not driving: a first conviction carries RM1,000–5,000, possible imprisonment up to two years and at least two years' disqualification, subject to a statutory defence about no likelihood of driving while unfit. Probationary licences are revoked on conviction under either section. Section 45A's concentration offence concerns alcohol, not a THC limit; the section 44 penalties above require injury or death.

road333

Production and cultivation are punishable byA 2017 review of West African drug laws summarises the NDLEA Act as punishing production, planting or growing with life imprisonment. The older Indian Hemp Act, still in the statute book, sets at least 21 years for knowingly planting or cultivating any cannabis plant.

idpc17, iha, om

SaleSelling, buying, offering for sale or otherwise dealing carries life imprisonment under the NDLEA Act. In July 2025 the Federal High Court in Ibadan gave a man 16 years for dealing in 407 grams of cannabis, noting he was not a first offender.

omidpc17, gaz25, aa

Use is covered by the sameThe NDLEA Act makes no distinction between possession and use: both carry fifteen -to -twenty-five-year provision years. The Indian Hemp Act separately sets at least four years, with no option of a fine, for smoking Indian hemp or knowingly possessing it, and at least five for possessing a pipe or other smoking utensil.

omidpc17, iha

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice saysThe penalties are fifteen to twenty-five years for possession or use of illegal drugsunder the drug agency's Act, including cannabis, carries severe penalties, and tells travellers to expectat least four years with no option of a long jail sentence and heavy finesfine for possessing, usingsmoking or smuggling them, also in transitpossessing Indian hemp under the older Act. Border scanners are also used on transit baggage.

omidpc17, fcdoiha

Federal Road Safety Commission — Establishment Act 2007, section 22 (PDF) Federal Road Safety Corps — official notice of offences and penalties International Drug Policy Consortium and West Africa Commission on Drugs — Drug laws in West Africa, annex of country profiles, November 2017 (PDF) Peoples Gazette — report on a 16-year sentence for cannabis dealing at the Federal High Court, Ibadan, 25 July 2025 GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Nigeria, safety and security 8 unchanged

impairment

Section 22 of the Federal Road Safety Commission Act prohibits driving on a highway under the influence of intoxicating drugs, including inability to maintain proper control of the vehicle. It provides a fine of 5,000 naira, up to two years in prison, or both on conviction. The separate 0.5 g/l value in the section concerns alcohol, not THC. FRSC's published notice-of-offence schedule lists drug/alcohol driving as five points and a 5,000-naira payment; that payment schedule does not replace the court's imprisonment power. A THC concentration limit and a fixed licence-ban duration were not established in the sources reviewed.

frscact, frscdui

No legal source. British travel advice says possession of even small quantities of drugs can lead to imprisonment.

fcdoclr, cp641

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says penalties for importing and using drugs are particularly severe, and that possessing any illicit drug,Under Section 11 of Republic Act 9165 possession of even a smallthe smallest amount, of marijuana carries a mandatory12 years and one day to 20 years in prison sentenceand a fine of ₱300,000 to 400,000, with no lesser tier for personal use.

ra, pna, fda, fcdo

The Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 defines drugged driving under the influence of dangerous drugs as driving by a person who, after apositive confirmatory test, is found positive for use of any dangerous-drug: no level is set and use, without a numerical THC allowance or separate requirement to prove impairment need not be shown. An officer who sees signs ofWith probable cause, police bring the driver for drug use runs field sobriety testsscreening and then a drug test, and every driver inif necessary, confirmation; a crash that causes death orcausing injury is testedor death also requires testing. Without injury the penalty isThe Act provides three months in prison and a PHP20,000–80,000 fine of 20without injury or homicide. Injury raises the fine to PHP100,000–200,000 and homicide to 80PHP300,000 pesos–500,000, alongside the respective statutory prison penalties. A nonprofessional licence is suspended for twelve months on the first conviction and permanently revoked on the second. A professional licence is permanently revoked on the first conviction, barring any future licence. Refusal of mandatory field sobriety and drug tests brings confiscation and automatic licence revocation, in addition to other applicable penalties.

Philippines — Republic Act No. 10586, Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 (Supreme Court E-Library) Philippines — Republic Act No. 10586, Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 (LawPhil) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: The Philippines, safety and security 8 unchanged

UnderSection 6 of the Control of Narcotic Substances Act as amended in 2022,forbids possessing any narcotic, and Section 9 sets the sentence by drug and weight. In the consolidated text, up to 499 g of charas (hashish) carries prison of at least ten months to five years in prison and a fine of up to 40,000 rupees, and 500 to 999 g five to nine years; up to 999 g of bhang, plusthe herbal form, carries six months to three years and a fine; sentences rise steeply above that of up to 10,000 rupees. Charas is nonetheless smoked widely and police often ignore it or take a bribe, so the law's severity and daily reality diverge sharply.

cnsa23, shc, wiki

CultivationSection 4 forbids cultivating any cannabis plant, letting land for it, or gathering any part of the plant; under Section 5 as amended in 2022 the penalty is one to seven years in prison and a criminal offencefine. The federal government, though cannabisor a province it authorises, may license cultivation for medical, scientific or industrial purposes only. Cannabis nonetheless grows wild across the north and is farmed in the tribal districts.

cnsa23, wiki

The Act deals with users through registration and treatment: each province is to register addicts, who must carry a registration card, and the federal government pays for a first compulsory detoxification. Holding the drug to use it is punished as possession. Use is illegal but culturally embedded, particularly at Sufi shrines, and bhang drinks are consumed at festivals.

cnsa23, wiki

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice saysThe narcotics act sets minimum prison terms for possession of even small quantities can bring a prison sentence,any amount: at least ten months for up to 499 g of charas and that British nationals arrested on trafficking charges have been heldat least six months for long periods while their cases go through the courtsup to 999 g of bhang, each with a fine.

wiki, fcdocnsa23

Pakistan Ministry of Law and Justice — Provincial Motor Vehicles Ordinance 1965 (Pakistan Code, PDF) Pakistan — Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997, consolidated with amendments to Federal Act XXXVIII of 2023 (Sindh Judicial Academy, PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Pakistan, safety and security 7 unchanged

impairment

The Provincial Motor Vehicles Ordinance's section 100 prohibits driving or attempting to drive while drink or drugs prevent proper vehicle control. The version published by Pakistan's Ministry of Law provides up to six months' imprisonment or a fine or both for a first offence, and up to two years or a fine or both for a repeat. Section 18(2) provides at least six months' disqualification on conviction under section 100. This describes the published baseline Ordinance: provincial amendments and separate highway legislation mean its fine figures should not be treated as a current uniform nationwide tariff. No numeric THC threshold is stated in section 100. Current provincial ticket schedules, testing procedures and any special rules for medical patients remain to be verified.

motortraffic

Use is a crime. British travel advice says there is zero tolerance, that penalties for using drugs, including cannabis, are severe even for residual amounts, and that a long prison sentence, deportation and heavy fines should be expected. The copy of the law read gives one to three years and a fine of QR10,000 to QR20,000, or either, for use; in 2016 a man was sentenced to one year and QR10,000 for using drugs.

fcdo, l9m, pen16

Qatar Al Meezan legal portal — Traffic Law No. 19 of 2007, driving prohibitions Qatar Al Meezan legal portal — Traffic Law No. 19 of 2007, penalties Qatar Al Meezan legal portal — Traffic Law No. 19 of 2007, administrative measures Qatar Al Meezan legal portal — traffic offence points table Qatar Al Meezan legal portal — public vehicle driving licence conditions 10 unchanged

impairment

Traffic Law article 57(2) prohibits driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs or other psychotropic substances. Its published English penalty provision, article 94, sets one month to three years' imprisonment or a QR10,000–50,000 fine for that offence, without prejudice to more severe penalties in other laws. Drug-influenced driving carries six traffic points. The Traffic Department can suspend a licence, vehicle licence and number plates, or both, for up to ninety days under articles 88–89; this administrative power is separate from the court penalty. Article 32 also bars public-vehicle licence applicants previously convicted of drug-influenced driving. The provisions reviewed do not specify a numeric THC allowance or a medical-cannabis defence.

trafficdrug, trafficpenalty, trafficadmin, trafficpoints, trafficpublic

No legal source. British travel advice says there are strict penalties for possessing and trafficking drugs, including cannabis.

fcdokpu

Growing up to 20 cannabis plants that contain narcotics is an administrative offence withunder Article 10.5.1 of the Code of Administrative Offences when it is not a crime: a fine of 3,000 to 5,000 roubles or short detention;up to 15 days' arrest. Growing in a 'large amount', which for cannabis starts at 20 or moreplants, is a crime under Article 231 of the Criminal Code, with a fine, compulsory labour or up to two years in prison; in an 'especially large amount' or by a group it carries up to eight years.

wikikoap1051, uk231, har2

Any transfer is 'sale' or transfer, including giving cannabis away, falls under Article 228.1, starting at of the Criminal Code: four to eight years in prison in the basic case, five to twelve when done through the internet or in places such as schools, transport or entertainment venues, eight to fifteen for a 'significant amount' or a group, ten to twenty for a 'large amount', and fifteen to twenty years or life for an 'especially large amount'.

wikiuk2281

Using a narcotic without a doctor's prescription is, or refusing a separatemedical examination when police have grounds to suspect use, is an administrative offence, provable by under Article 6.9: a drug test, with a fine of 4,000 to 5,000 roubles or up to 15 days' arrest, and possible compulsoryfor a foreigner the same with expulsion from Russia. A person who goes voluntarily to a medical organisation for treatment is released from liability.

wikikoap69

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says a person can be prosecuted for possessing even small quantities of any drug, including cannabis, and should expectthe law treats foreigners more severely at the lowest level: a long prison sentence and heavy finesforeign citizen who uses a narcotic without a prescription, also in airport transitor refuses a medical examination, where baggage is scanned. A foreigner detained by the authorities could face monthsfined 4,000 to 5,000 roubles or yearsarrested for up to 15 days and in prisoneither case expelled from Russia.

wikikoap69, fcdores1002

Russia — Code of Administrative Offences, Article 6.9 (text at zakonrf.info) Russia — Code of Administrative Offences, Article 10.5.1 (text at zakonrf.info) Russia — Criminal Code, Article 228.1 (text at zakonrf.info) Russia — Criminal Code, Article 231 (text at zakonrf.info) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Russia, safety and security 9 unchanged

No legal source. British travel advice says the possession, selling and use of drugs is illegal.

fcdocase

Solomon Islands Attorney General — Road Transport Act, Cap. 131, current authorised reprint (PDF) 3 unchanged

impairment

Road Transport Act section 43 makes driving or attempting to drive on a road or public place while unfit through drugs an offence; unfitness means impaired ability to drive properly. In the Magistrates' Court a first offence carries up to 10,000 penalty units or twelve months' imprisonment or both; a repeat carries up to 20,000 units or two years or both. High Court conviction carries up to 20,000 units or two years or both. Penalty units must not be read as Solomon Islands dollars. Licence disqualification normally lasts at least twelve months, rising to at least three years if there was a like driving conviction within the preceding ten years, with a special-reasons exception. Being in charge while not driving is a separate offence with different penalties. The separate concentration offence concerns alcohol, not a numerical THC limit.

roadtransport

Reliable national information aboutNo lawful cannabis production was not established byfound. The illicit crop is large: Sudanese police rank the retained sourcesEl Radoom district of South Darfur first in Africa for cannabis, called bango, much of it made into hashish. Campaigns there destroyed 6,500 acres of farms in 2016 and about 500 farms in 2017.

dab16, dab17

Radio Dabanga — South Darfur farmers urged to grow rice instead of cannabis (23 November 2016) Radio Dabanga — South Darfur, police destroy 500 farms, seize vast cannabis haul (8 November 2017) 2 unchanged

British travel advice says there are severe penaltiesThe Narcotics Act sets up to four years in prison for all drug offencespossession and up to thirteen for selling or supplying, with no tolerated amount. No figures on how small cases are dealt with were found.

fcdowvm, wiki

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says there are severe penalties for all drug offences and tells travellersThe Narcotics Act punishes importing or exporting cannabis with up to pack their own luggagetwenty years or life in prison and carry nothing through customs for anyone elseheavy fines, and possession with up to four years.

wikiwvm, fcdowiki

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Suriname, safety and security 2 unchanged

British travel advice saysThe 1993 narcotics law grades its penalties for drug offences are severesteeply: detention and a fine for having drugs for personal use, which a court may suspend to send an addict for treatment; at least ten years for giving drugs to another person; life imprisonment for possession,selling; and the death penaltyor life for traffickinggrowing. No account of how the authorities that took power in December 2024 apply the law to users was found.

fcdol2

No legal source. British travel advice says there are severe penalties for drug offences, including life imprisonment for possession.

fcdowiki, l2

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice saysUnder the penalty1993 narcotics law, having or carrying drugs for drug possession ispersonal use brings detention and a fine of 100,000 to 500,000 pounds, selling brings life imprisonment, and that theunlicensed growing death penalty applies to drug traffickingor life.

fcdol2

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Syria, safety and security 8 unchanged

No legal source for adult use. British travel advice says punishments for possessing or smuggling narcotic drugs can be severe.

fcdolaw

Growing for personal use falls under the same Article 191 regime23 of the 1933 narcotics law prohibits growing hemp without a permit for any purpose, and unlicensed plants are destroyed. Sowing hemp to obtain cannabis carries four to twelve years in prison and a heavy fine; anything largera person who grows only the cannabis they need for their own use faces one to three years. Sowing without a permit where no drug purpose is production under Article 188, with far heavier sentencesshown brings a fine.

law2313, bh

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice tells visitors to expect a prison sentence of 4 to 24 years and heavy fines for possessingBuying, usingreceiving or smuggling illegal drugs,possessing cannabis included, and says this appliesfor personal use is a crime with two to passengersfive years in transit through its airportsprison under Article 191 of the Penal Code.

wikibh, fcdomondaq

Türkiye — Law No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Substances, consolidated text (Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Türkiye, safety and security 6 unchanged

Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Works and Transport — driving while impaired by alcohol or other drugs (20 December 2019) Trinidad and Tobago Government Printery — Finance Act 2025, Act No. 14 (PDF) 4 unchanged

impairment

Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic Act section 70 prohibits driving, attempting to drive or being in charge on a road while drug influence prevents proper vehicle control. The Transport Ministry's published text gives a first-conviction penalty of TT$12,000 and three years' imprisonment, rising to TT$22,500 and five years on a subsequent conviction. Two consecutive offences normally bring three years' disqualification, subject to special reasons and the court's power to impose a longer ban; a third conviction brings permanent disqualification. Police may arrest without a warrant. Section 70A separately concerns alcohol concentrations: the Finance Act 2025 doubled its fines, without amending section 70's drug-impairment penalty. No numeric THC allowance was established in the sources reviewed.

mowtdui, finance2025

Sale and trafficking carry ten years to life. The government's amendment bill of October 2017 defines trafficking to include giving, supplying, storing and possessing, and sets life imprisonment for more than 50 kg of cannabis and thirty years for 50 kg or less; the consolidated Act as now in force could not be opened to confirm the final wording.

wiki, uk, bill17

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says severe penaltiesThe 2017 amendment bill defines trafficking to include possessing, including long prison sentencesstoring and giving, can be appliedwith thirty years for simple possession50 kg of any drug as well as for supply, also in airport transit, and that airports have technology to detect cannabis or less.

ukbill17, fcdouk

Tanzania — Drug Control and Enforcement (Amendment) Act, 2017, bill as published on 30 October 2017 (PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Tanzania, safety and security 4 unchanged

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says only that penalties for being caught in possessionPossession of drugs are severeup to 5 g of cannabis without intent to sell is an administrative offence punished by a fine or community work; above 5 g it is a crime with possible imprisonment.

wiki, cms, narcotics, moz, fcdo

GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Ukraine, safety and security 9 unchanged

Possession is a crime underSection 4 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act 2024 makes possession of a narcotic drug an offence with a fine of up to 50,000 currency points, a billion shillings, or three times the drug's market value if that is more, up to twenty years in prison, or both. No lesser tier is set for a small amount or for personal use. The Act was re-enacted after the Constitutional Court annulled the 2016 law for lack of a quorum. It carries heavy fines and prison terms measured in years.

actgaz24, ab

Unauthorised growingSection 11 forbids knowingly cultivating or gathering a prohibited plant without a licence from the health minister. The penalty is a fine of cannabisup to 120 currency points, 2.4 million shillings, or three times the market value of the plants if that is specifically penalisedmore, with lengthyup to five years in prison terms and forfeiture of property, or both; a second or later offence brings imprisonment for life.

ab, actgaz24

Trafficking carries very long sentences,a fine of up to 50,000 currency points or three times the drug's market value, imprisonment for life, or both (Section 5).

actgaz24

Use isSection 6 makes it an offence; smoking and being to smoke, inhale, sniff, chew or otherwise use a narcotic drug, to be found without excuse in a place usedpeople use for smoking areit, or to possess a pipe or other utensil for it: a fine of up to 50,000 currency points, up to ten years in prison, or both punishable.

act, mlgaz24

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice says penalties for possession and trafficking are severe: the maximum sentence is 20The 2024 Act sets up to twenty years in prison for possession, up to ten for using a drug or being found where it is used, and life imprisonment for trafficking.

ab, fcdogaz24

ULII — Traffic and Road Safety Act 1998, consolidated through the 2020 amendment Uganda Ministry of Works and Transport — Prohibited Drugs and Alcohol Limit Regulations 2023 (PDF) Uganda — Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, 2024 (Act 2 of 2024), Gazette text (ULII, PDF) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Uganda, safety and security 4 unchanged

impairment

Section 112 of the Traffic and Road Safety Act prohibits driving or attempting to drive under drug influence. It expressly includes pharmaceutical and prescribed drugs, with no numerical THC allowance stated. Conviction carries up to 300 currency points (UGX6 million), up to three years' imprisonment, or both. Section 113 permits blood or urine testing on reasonable suspicion; refusal of a required blood specimen carries up to 100 currency points and is prima facie evidence of drug influence or excess alcohol. The 2023 Regulations allow police to escort a suspected drug-influenced driver for a medical test and impound the vehicle. A fixed cannabis-specific licence-ban duration was not established: the consolidated Act's section 46 contains an alcohol condition alongside a cross-reference to section 112, which must not be presented as an unconditional drug-driving ban.

trafficact, drugtraffic2023

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. British travel advice tells visitors to expectPossession becomes a long prison sentence and heavy fines whatevercrime under Article 249 of the amountCriminal Code from 1 g of cannabis resin or 1 kg of plant material, alsowith one to five years in airport transitprison; below those amounts it is handled administratively, and thatwith fines, unless the death penalty may be imposed. Police raid nightlife venues and private parties and can require drug tests;person has a positive result may lead to criminal charges whether the drug was taken in Vietnam or before entryprior record.

fcdoln1, ln2

Government of Vietnam — Decree 168/2024/NĐ-CP, full text GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Vietnam, safety and security 4 unchanged

zero

Driving with narcotic drugs or other legally prohibited stimulants in the body is an offence, without a quantified THC allowance in the cited provisions. Under Decree 168/2024, effective 1 January 2025, car drivers face VND30–40 million and motorcycle or moped drivers VND8–10 million, plus suspension of the right to use a driving licence for 22–24 months. Refusing the official drug test carries the same fine and suspension for each vehicle category. These are administrative penalties; accidents or other offences can bring additional liability.

traffic168

Samoa Attorney General — Road Traffic Ordinance 1960, 2023 consolidation (PDF) 5 unchanged

impairment

The Road Traffic Ordinance's section 40(3) prohibits driving or attempting to drive when alcohol, one or more drugs, or their combination makes proper vehicle control impossible. A charge involving drugs must identify at least one relevant drug. The definition includes narcotics and any other substance that can impair driving, so it is not limited to illegal cannabis. The 2023 consolidation provides a fine up to 50 penalty units, up to five years' imprisonment, or both. Conviction normally brings twelve months' licence disqualification, subject to special reasons and the court's power to impose a longer period. The numerical limits in section 40(1)–(2) are for alcohol; no quantified THC allowance is given for the drug-impairment offence.

traffic2023

ZambiaLII — Road Traffic Act 2002, original enacted text (PDF) Zambia Road Transport and Safety Agency — Road Traffic (Amendment) Act No. 8 of 2022 (PDF) 5 unchanged

impairment

Road Traffic Act section 157 prohibits driving or attempting to drive on a road when intoxicating liquor or narcotic drugs make proper vehicle control impossible. It provides a fine up to 20,000 penalty units, up to five years' imprisonment, or both; penalty units are not a kwacha amount. Section 156 separately covers being in charge while not driving and has different penalties. The Third Schedule requires licence suspension and endorsement for section 157, with cancellation also available; no universal suspension length is specified in that table. The 2022 amendment requires a medical examination or breathalyser test after arrest under either section, with the medical examination conducted by a medical practitioner. This is an impairment rule, not a specified THC concentration limit.

road2002, road2022

East Germany passed a law against cannabis in 1973 although almost none of its citizens h … nt admitted that drug imports had become a public health problem it had not prepared for. East Berlin police created a [narcotics working group](/history/germany-east-berlin-narcotics-group-1990/) that year. The index records the 1973 Act for [Germany](/country/de/) as context for the East; the national score follows West German law.

opusgpt-56.51-sol-medium

Britain's path to medical cannabis did not begin with doctors or politicians. It began wi … d](/history/uk-nabilone-licensed-1982/) in 1982 for the side effects of cancer treatment. For everyone else there was nothing lawfulThe licence did not permit patients to possess herbal cannabis. Taylor also describes exceptional named-patient prescribing of nabilone for other symptoms. ## Clare Hodges Hodges had lived with MS for nine years. Orthodox medicine had given her … a [House of Lords committee](/history/uk-lords-therapeutic-cannabis-inquiry-1997/) in the late 1990s1998 inquiry, putting patients' experience before parliament. The two groups differed: the Alliance wanted access to herbal cannabis while trials ran, and the Society would not press for it. Clinical trials followed,The [1994 delegation](/history/uk-act-health-delegation-1994/) and with them the [1997 conference](/history/uk-cannabis-based spray Sativexclinical-trials-conference-1997/) helped connect advocacy with research. Later [CAMS results](/history/uk-cams-trial-results-2003/) showed why patient experience and clinical outcome measures remained contested. The plant itself stayed illegal for patients until [2018](/history/uk-medical-cannabis-201 … lists the Alliance for context; it moved no score for the [United Kingdom](/country/gb/).

opusgpt-56.51-sol-medium

In 1942 the United States government made a film urging farmers to grow the plant it had … ut never amended, and about 400,000 acres were grown between 1942 and 1945. ## The film The USDA National Agricultural Library catalogues *Hemp forFor Victory* isas a black-and-white sound film of about 14 minutes, produced by the Department of Agriculture and directed by Raymond Evans13 seconds, dated circa 1942. It tells the history of describes hemp, shows how to grow growing and harvest it and how it becomes ropeharvesting, cloth and cordage,the manufacture of fibre and borrows scenes from coarse cloth for military applications. This official record establishes the 1926 silent film *Old Ironsides*'s existence and subject. Its message to farmers was to grow as much as they could. When the war ended, so did the exception. ## The film that did not exist For decades afterwardsHerer's account of its disappearance Herer reproduces the film was almost unknown. The Department of Agriculture's library narration in Chapter 9 and describes its disappearance from official records elsewhere in the Library of Congress told people who asked that no such film had been made by any branch of the governmentbook. A copy had survived on tape. The activist Jack Herer was given it in 1984, and on 19 May 1989 he and two others donated VHS Wikipedia recounts copies toreaching the Library of Congress. In May 1990 John Birrenbach recovered in 1989 and a copy from the National Archives, the first to come from a government source recovery in 1990. The film is now inUSDA catalogue does not establish those later events or explain why earlier researchers reportedly could not locate the public domain and can be downloaded from the National Archivesfilm. They should remain a separately sourced rediscovery account, not proof of deliberate suppression. The episode moved no score for the [United States](/country/us/): the tax law stayed as it was, and onlyencouraging licensed fibre growing was encouragedproduction did not give adults permission to grow recreational cannabis.

opusgpt-56.51-sol-medium

USDA National Agricultural Library — Hemp For Victory, circa 1942, MS0522 The Emperor Wears No Clothes (supplied EPUB, edition unspecified) 2 unchanged