Context not part of the score
Black market
The illegal market: how big it is, where the cannabis comes from, prices and how openly it is sold.
In most of the world cannabis is bought illegally, and the illegal market is what most users actually meet. These sections describe its size where estimates exist, where the cannabis comes from, what it costs and how openly it is sold. The UN drugs office’s World Drug Report publishes the country figures on use and seizures that much of this rests on.[1]
Some supply routes are old and famous. Morocco’s Rif has supplied hashish to Europe since the 1960s, and a survey in 2003 found 134,000 hectares under cannabis; the craft and its hybrids have their own entry. For the wider picture see the illegal drug trade.
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Select a country for its section.
Afghanistan long ranked among the world's largest hashish producers;
Policing of the illegal market is aimed at the crop in the field.
Algeria is mainly a transit and consumption market for Moroccan resin.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2.5 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 3.5 kg in 2023, and 2.9 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 22,362 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 33,032 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 196 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 734 kg in 2023, and 24.1 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 122,964 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 149,434 kg in 2023, and 1.3 kg…
In 2024 the authorities seized about 426 kg of all drugs, roughly 200 kg more than in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 5,312 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6,372 kg in 2023, and 55.2 kg of…
The EU drugs agency records 2,370 kg of herbal cannabis and 1,745 kg of resin seized in Austria in 2024, against 2,470 kg and 183 kg in 2023.
The state statistics committee reported 5,634.4 kg of marijuana seized in 2024, out of 9,330.9 kg of drugs, precursors and drug-containing plants,…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,241 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 4,089 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 91 kg of herbal cannabis and 106 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024.
Bangladesh's narcotics department says the country does not produce drugs but lies on a trafficking route, and that cannabis is smuggled in mostly…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 11,831 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 69.3 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 88.1 kg in 2023, and 485 kg of…
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 9,983 kg of herbal cannabis and 711 kg of cannabis resin seized in Belgium in 2024, against 850 kg and 4,515 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 733 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 338 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,209 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 13,705 kg in 2023.
The government reported 13.2 kg of herbal cannabis and 1.3 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 1.1 kg of resin in 2023.
Marijuana is seized in far larger volumes than cocaine.
The government reported 1,268 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,325 kg in 2023.
Recreational cannabis is supplied entirely by the illegal trade, and marijuana is by far the largest drug by weight that police seize.
UNODC records 2.6 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6.3 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 10,759 kg of herbal cannabis and 5.4 kg of cannabis resin seized in Bulgaria in 2024, against…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 11,734 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 18,985 kg in 2023.
UNODC records 142 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 45.2 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 6,861 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6,639 kg in 2023.
The legal market has taken most of the trade.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 374 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 242 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 400 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 125 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 31,132 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 39,302 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 328 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 421 kg in 2023.
All adult-use cannabis is bought illegally.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 316 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 2,263 kg in 2023, and 121 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 16,668 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 15,847 kg in 2023, and 3.8 kg…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 10,760 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 13,267 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 2,082 kg of herbal cannabis and 76 kg of cannabis resin seized in Croatia in 2024, against 6,030 kg and 72 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 617 kg of herbal cannabis and 2.4 kg of cannabis resin seized in Cyprus in 2024, against 554 kg and 16 kg in 2023.
In 2024 police found 109 indoor growing sites, down from 138 in 2023, mostly with at most 50 plants.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 522 kg of herbal cannabis and 3,315 kg of cannabis resin seized in Denmark in 2024, against 384 kg and 3,965 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 110 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 120 kg in 2023.
All sales are illegal.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 6,422 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6,900 kg in 2023, and 1.7 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,800 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,200 kg in 2023, with the usual…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 28,591 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 19,514 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 39,411 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 239,528 kg in 2023, and 124,382…
Marijuana is a small part of what the authorities seize.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 102 kg of herbal cannabis and 1.7 kg of cannabis resin seized in Estonia in 2024, against 70 kg and 68 kg in 2023.
Cannabis is an export crop for smallholders, especially "Swazi Gold" from the northern Hhohho hills, sold at a premium to dealers and buyers in South Africa.
Ethiopia sits on a transit route: a March 2026 customs operation seized narcotics both smuggled in through border towns and destined for neighbouring…
Police seized 29.58 kg of hashish in 2025, compared with 69.69 kg in 2024 and 16.25 kg in 2021.
Fiji recorded 2,446 drug cases from May 2024 to May 2025, of which 2,098, or 85.7 per cent, were marijuana;
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 1,668 kg of herbal cannabis and 274 kg of cannabis resin seized in Finland in 2024, against 1,018 kg and 211 kg in 2023.
All cannabis sold in France is illegal, and it is the largest drug market by volume.
Cannabis is locally produced in mountain valleys and fa'aapu, with inter-island traffic such as the Huahine-to-Tahiti plane route.
Cannabis is the drug Gabon's police intercept most.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,924 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,954 kg in 2023, and 14 kg of…
The illicit market is well established.
The government's evaluation put adult demand at about 743 tonnes a year.
All cannabis on sale is illegal.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 5,216 kg of herbal cannabis and 218 kg of cannabis resin seized in Greece in 2024, against 6,116 kg and 349 kg in 2023.
With no legal sales, the market is supplied illegally, much of it with compressed cannabis brought in from outside.
With no legal retail yet, all sale is illegal.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,097 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 756 kg in 2023.
The authorities have identified diversion of prescribed cannabis as a concern alongside the illegal market.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 9,579 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 291 kg in 2022.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,000 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 1,545 kg in 2021.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 503 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 131 kg in 2023.
Marijuana is grown in the country.
UNODC records 4,086 kg of herbal cannabis and 296 kg of resin seized in 2024, against 3,069 kg of herb and 296 kg of resin in 2023;
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 605 kg of herbal cannabis and 34 kg of cannabis resin seized in Hungary in 2024, against 484 kg and 5.6 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 290 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 210 kg in 2023, and 22.8 kg of…
Cannabis is by far the most seized drug in India.
The illegal supply is domestic and centred on Aceh, in northern Sumatra, where the narcotics agency speaks of illicit cannabis production and…
The whole market is illegal and, by Ghiabi's fieldwork, easy to reach: officials said the time needed to obtain hashish or cannabis anywhere in…
The market is illegal and the authorities report large seizures.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 2,916 kg of herbal cannabis and 171 kg of cannabis resin seized in Ireland in 2024.
The illicit market remains large.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 28,752 kg of herbal cannabis and 17,333 kg of cannabis resin seized in Italy in 2024, against…
Most ganja in Jamaica is still grown and sold outside the licensed system: enforcement is patchy and tourists and locals buy on the street.
Police and customs count seizures separately.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 263 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 70.5 kg in 2023, and 6,243 kg of…
The market is supplied from inside the country, from wild and planted cannabis in the south.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 28,153 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 25,840 kg in 2023.
The local market is small-scale and domestic: police report raids on one- to two-metre plants in household gardens, not large farms.
In the January 2025 Pristina operation police seized 25.2 kg of suspected marijuana and arrested four men, the largest recent seizure in the retained sources.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 298 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 265 kg in 2023, and 240 kg of…
UNODC records 3,274 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,045 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 158 kg of herbal cannabis and 186 kg of cannabis resin seized in Latvia in 2024, against 190 kg and 2.7 kg in 2023.
No consolidated official cannabis seizure series is published.
Unlicensed cannabis is one of Lesotho's most significant cash crops, though it appears in no official economic statistics.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,581 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 596 kg in 2023.
Libya is a transit route for Moroccan resin and a smaller producer of its own.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 230 kg of herbal cannabis and 410 kg of cannabis resin seized in Lithuania in 2024, against 198 kg and 3.7 kg in 2023.
Since nothing may be sold, anyone who does not grow buys illegally;
Seizures are overwhelmingly herbal cannabis at the airport.
Cannabis, called rongony, is grown on a large scale for the home market and for neighbouring islands.
Police recorded 952 trafficking cases and seized 36.6 tonnes in 1999 alone.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 4,025 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 4,800 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 32,000 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 22,217 kg in 2022, and 440 kg…
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 214 kg of herbal cannabis and 4,316 kg of cannabis resin seized in Malta in 2024, against 154 kg and 1.5 kg in 2023.
UNODC records 4 kg of herbal cannabis and 40 kg of resin seized in 2024, figures that are probably partial.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 71,538 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 72,873 kg in 2023.
Historical local evidence: Oneisom's five-month Chuuk study in 1985, published in 1991, described mostly part-time or family cannabis dealing…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 34.9 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 66.4 kg in 2023, and 20.6 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 117 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 122 kg in 2023.
Morocco is the world's biggest producer of cannabis resin according to the United Nations, and the illegal trade still dwarfs the legal one.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,856 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,853 kg in 2023.
Cannabis is a small part of the drugs the authorities seize.
Cannabis dominates drug seizures: the March 2025 police statement valued seized cannabis at about N$3.1 million out of N$3.5 million total.
OCIndex 2025 scores Nauru's cannabis trade 1.5 out of 10 and reports some smuggling, primarily from Fiji, alongside local use and cultivation.
Cannabis is grown illegally across Nepal;
Coffeeshop sales are tolerated but, outside the supply experiment, the cannabis they sell is grown illegally.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,136 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 812 kg in 2023, and 4.7 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,980 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 2,640 kg in 2022.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 10,762 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 4,272 kg in 2022, and 77.5 kg…
The whole market is illegal and largely home-grown.
Investigations have repeatedly involved licensed medical growers: GI-TOC reported seizures of 561 kg and 8,723 stems in 2022, then 4.6 tonnes and 3,799 plants in 2023.
The last detailed federal picture, from 2003, found local cultivation small and mostly personal, most supply coming from the Philippines and Palau,…
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 1,087 kg of herbal cannabis and 2,591 kg of cannabis resin seized in Norway in 2024, against 533…
The Public Prosecution reported 6,741 drug cases in 2023–2024, an all-drug figure.
The whole market is illegal, and hashish (charas) is the drug the authorities seize most.
UNODC records 2.3 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024.
UNODC's last year with a herb and resin split for Palestine is 2023: about 32 kg of herbal cannabis and 52 kg of resin.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 24,290 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 33,610 kg in 2023.
Reported cases run to bulk weight: twenty-five years for 14–20 kg in 2025, and K30,000 or twenty years for 4.7 kg in 2026.
Paraguay grows cannabis mainly for export: the anti-drug agency says most production is aimed at the Brazilian market and run by large criminal organisations.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 56,327 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 38,704 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 5,920 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 2,124 kg in 2023;
The EU drugs agency records 7,058 kg of herbal cannabis and 1,635 kg of resin seized in Poland in 2024, against 4,251 kg and 783 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 1,845 kg of herbal cannabis and 7,344 kg of cannabis resin seized in Portugal in 2024, against…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 195 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 29 kg in 2022, and 489 kg of…
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 861 kg of herbal cannabis and 43 kg of cannabis resin seized in Romania in 2024, against 940 kg and 43 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 6,847 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 7,868 kg in 2023, and 3,262 kg…
Rwanda is a destination for Congolese cannabis: police say the narcotics in the December 2017 seizure were trafficked from DR Congo, and mark Rubavu…
Sales outside a licence are illegal, and in practice that has meant all sales: the Medicinal Cannabis Authority that is to license a regulated…
Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug;
Border operations in December 2024 seized 1.3 tonnes of hashish, 136 tonnes of khat and about 1.4 million pills, with more than 1,800 arrests.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 23,024 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 12,738 kg in 2023, and 38.8 kg…
Marijuana is by far the largest drug seized.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 42.1 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 31 kg in 2023, and 1,055 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,632 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 22,778 kg in 2023.
ICA and CNB reported a seizure of about 391 kg of cannabis from a container at Pasir Panjang on 24 September 2026.
The EU drugs agency records 123 kg of herbal cannabis and less than 1 kg of resin seized in Slovakia in 2024, against 112 kg and 9.5 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 564 kg of herbal cannabis and 1.3 kg of cannabis resin seized in Slovenia in 2024, against 794 kg and 11 kg in 2023.
Reported seizures reach commercial scale: a marijuana haul valued near SBD 1 million was reported by the Solomon Times.
Adult-use cannabis sales remain illegal, but the market has changed shape since the Constitutional Court allowed private growing in 2018.
The 2025 white paper records 128.6 kg of herbal cannabis, 5.6 kg of resin and 0.3 kg of seed seized, within a total of 1,156.4 kg of drugs of which 65.4% was imported.
The Interior Ministry reported state-force seizures of 257 tonnes of hashish in 2025, up 29% on 2024.
The government reported 8,360 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 10,220 kg in 2023, and 292 kg of resin in 2024, against 274 kg in 2023.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 2,652 kg of herbal cannabis and 7,273 kg of cannabis resin seized in Sweden in 2024, against 2,060…
A 2020 study led by Addiction Switzerland, based on research in Vaud and extrapolated nationally, estimated annual cannabis consumption at 40–60…
Hashish circulates beside the far larger Captagon trade.
Reported cannabis seizures reached 2.3 tonnes in 2023, against 240.5 kg in 2021, and the High Prosecutors' Office counted 2,493 kg and 13,917 plants in 2024.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 63.7 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 90.3 kg in 2023, and 3,947 kg of…
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,303,200 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,757,560 kg in 2023.
The best-documented illegal trade is export.
No national cannabis seizure series is published, and UNODC has no Timor-Leste rows.
Cannabis is the main drug the authorities seize.
Cannabis is locally cultivated in bush allotments and outer islands, including Vava'u, 'Eua, Matahau and Fua'amotu, and sold in small dealer packs.
Cannabis consumed in Transnistria is sourced primarily from illegal outdoor home-growing during the summer months or smuggled across the river from right-bank Moldova.
UNODC records 1,815 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 1,003 kg in 2023, and does not report a herbal-cannabis series for Tunisia.
The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 47,710 kg of herbal cannabis and 13,751 kg of cannabis resin seized in Turkey in 2024, against…
Uganda is a transit country: drugs move overland through less-supervised borders such as Busia and Bunagana, and Entebbe airport is described as a major trafficking route.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,061 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,794 kg in 2023, and 1 kg of…
The national police reported 12,340 kg of narcotics and psychotropics seized in 2024, 9,774 drug-crime reports and 13,513 suspects;
All recreational cannabis is supplied illegally.
Legal states have not ended the illegal trade, and no national figure for its share was found.
Eleven years after legalisation, the government's second evaluation of the law found that 46% of current users were registered for one of the legal routes.
In 2025 the authorities recorded 15,400 drug crimes and seized 3.4 tonnes of narcotic, psychotropic and potent substances.
No seizure statistics or trade-scale account was verified in the sources read;
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 13,115 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 8,416 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,580 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 727 kg in 2023.
Hashish is the main cannabis product in reported seizures.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 15,606 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 16,577 kg in 2023.
Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 627 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023.
Country by country
The opening of each profile's section; the country's page has it in full, with sources.
| Country | What the profile says |
|---|---|
| AbkhaziaAsia | Not researched yet |
| AfghanistanAsia | Afghanistan long ranked among the world's largest hashish producers; a 2023 Taliban decree banned all cannabis cultivation, with crops destroyed and growers sent to court. |
| AlbaniaEurope | Policing of the illegal market is aimed at the crop in the field. Each summer the State Police search all twelve regions together with Italy's Guardia di Finanza, flying more than 50 high-resolution drones and using helicopters… |
| AlgeriaAfrica | Algeria is mainly a transit and consumption market for Moroccan resin. UNODC records 37,781 kg of resin and 6.2 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 44,536 kg of resin and 25.9 kg of herb in 2023. |
| AndorraEurope | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2.5 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 3.5 kg in 2023, and 2.9 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 5.9 kg in 2023. |
| AngolaAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 22,362 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 33,032 kg in 2023. |
| Antigua and BarbudaNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 196 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 734 kg in 2023, and 24.1 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 35.8 kg in 2023. |
| ArgentinaSouth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 122,964 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 149,434 kg in 2023, and 1.3 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 18.5 kg in 2023. |
| ArmeniaAsia | In 2024 the authorities seized about 426 kg of all drugs, roughly 200 kg more than in 2023. UNODC records 327 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 13 kg in 2023. |
| ArubaNorth America | Not researched yet |
| AustraliaOceania | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 5,312 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6,372 kg in 2023, and 55.2 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 53.9 kg in 2023. |
| AustriaEurope | The EU drugs agency records 2,370 kg of herbal cannabis and 1,745 kg of resin seized in Austria in 2024, against 2,470 kg and 183 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 13,587 occasions and resin on 2,030. |
| AzerbaijanAsia | The state statistics committee reported 5,634.4 kg of marijuana seized in 2024, out of 9,330.9 kg of drugs, precursors and drug-containing plants, and 7,037.4 kg of marijuana in January–November 2025, out of 8,334.7 kg. |
| BahamasNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,241 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 4,089 kg in 2023. |
| BahrainAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 91 kg of herbal cannabis and 106 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024. |
| BangladeshAsia | Bangladesh's narcotics department says the country does not produce drugs but lies on a trafficking route, and that cannabis is smuggled in mostly from India, across the western and northern borders. |
| BarbadosNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 11,831 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023. |
| BelarusEurope | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 69.3 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 88.1 kg in 2023, and 485 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 671 kg in 2023. |
| BelgiumEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 9,983 kg of herbal cannabis and 711 kg of cannabis resin seized in Belgium in 2024, against 850 kg and 4,515 kg in 2023. |
| BelizeNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 733 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 338 kg in 2023. |
| BeninAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,209 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 13,705 kg in 2023. |
| BermudaNorth America | Not researched yet |
| BhutanAsia | The government reported 13.2 kg of herbal cannabis and 1.3 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 1.1 kg of resin in 2023. |
| BoliviaSouth America | Marijuana is seized in far larger volumes than cocaine. The government reported in December 2024 that the anti-narcotics force had seized about 1,269 tonnes of marijuana and 139 tonnes of cocaine since November 2020, and that… |
| Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope | Not researched yet |
| BotswanaAfrica | The government reported 1,268 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,325 kg in 2023. A 2025 national risk assessment put marijuana's estimated value at P48.8 million of a P54 million illicit drug market, based on… |
| BrazilSouth America | Recreational cannabis is supplied entirely by the illegal trade, and marijuana is by far the largest drug by weight that police seize. |
| British Virgin IslandsNorth America | Not researched yet |
| BruneiAsia | UNODC records 2.6 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6.3 kg in 2023. In June 2025 five Bruneian men were arrested for carrying 68 kg of cannabis to Europe via third countries; |
| BulgariaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 10,759 kg of herbal cannabis and 5.4 kg of cannabis resin seized in Bulgaria in 2024, against 9,721 kg and 19 kg in 2023. |
| Burkina FasoAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 11,734 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 18,985 kg in 2023. |
| BurundiAfrica | Not researched yet |
| Cabo VerdeAfrica | Not researched yet |
| CambodiaAsia | UNODC records 142 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 45.2 kg in 2023. The Anti-Drug Department reported 525 kg in 2025 and 105 kg in January–July 2026, while plants destroyed fell from 17,785 in 2024 to 12,212 in 2025. |
| CameroonAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 6,861 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6,639 kg in 2023. |
| CanadaNorth America | The legal market has taken most of the trade. In Health Canada's 2024 survey, 72% of people who used cannabis usually bought it from a legal shop or website, up from 37% in 2019, and only 3% from an illegal shop, website or… |
| Cayman IslandsNorth America | Not researched yet |
| Central African RepublicAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 374 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 242 kg in 2023. |
| ChadAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 400 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 125 kg in 2023. |
| ChileSouth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 31,132 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 39,302 kg in 2023. |
| ChinaAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 328 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 421 kg in 2023. The series is volatile and incomplete, and China publishes no cannabis-only seizure total. |
| ColombiaSouth America | All adult-use cannabis is bought illegally. Bogotá is described as the main consumer market: the metropolitan police seized 3.7 tonnes of marijuana there in 2023, 3.6 tonnes in 2024 and about as much again by May 2025, and say… |
| ComorosAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 316 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 2,263 kg in 2023, and 121 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 57.5 kg in 2023. |
| CongoAfrica | Not researched yet |
| Costa RicaNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 16,668 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 15,847 kg in 2023, and 3.8 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024. |
| Côte d'IvoireAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 10,760 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 13,267 kg in 2023. |
| CroatiaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 2,082 kg of herbal cannabis and 76 kg of cannabis resin seized in Croatia in 2024, against 6,030 kg and 72 kg in 2023. |
| CubaNorth America | Not researched yet |
| CuraçaoNorth America | Not researched yet |
| CyprusEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 617 kg of herbal cannabis and 2.4 kg of cannabis resin seized in Cyprus in 2024, against 554 kg and 16 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 814 occasions and resin on 31. |
| CzechiaEurope | In 2024 police found 109 indoor growing sites, down from 138 in 2023, mostly with at most 50 plants. Home growing supplied personal and community demand; |
| DenmarkEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 522 kg of herbal cannabis and 3,315 kg of cannabis resin seized in Denmark in 2024, against 384 kg and 3,965 kg in 2023. |
| DjiboutiAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 110 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 120 kg in 2023. |
| DominicaNorth America | All sales are illegal. Police figures suggest cannabis is a small part of the drugs moving through the island next to cocaine: of drugs worth about 53 million East Caribbean dollars burned by police in November 2025, cannabis… |
| Dominican RepublicNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 6,422 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 6,900 kg in 2023, and 1.7 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 20.5 kg in 2023. |
| DR CongoAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,800 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,200 kg in 2023, with the usual warning that countries count seizures differently. |
| EcuadorSouth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 28,591 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 19,514 kg in 2023. |
| EgyptAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 39,411 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 239,528 kg in 2023, and 124,382 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 191,046 kg in 2023. |
| El SalvadorNorth America | Marijuana is a small part of what the authorities seize. Of 25,011 kg of drugs seized in 2025, according to the security cabinet, 24,612 kg was cocaine and 394.52 kg marijuana, valued at about 1.39 million US dollars. |
| Equatorial GuineaAfrica | Not researched yet |
| EritreaAfrica | Not researched yet |
| EstoniaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 102 kg of herbal cannabis and 1.7 kg of cannabis resin seized in Estonia in 2024, against 70 kg and 68 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 660 occasions and resin on 43. |
| EswatiniAfrica | Cannabis is an export crop for smallholders, especially "Swazi Gold" from the northern Hhohho hills, sold at a premium to dealers and buyers in South Africa. |
| EthiopiaAfrica | Ethiopia sits on a transit route: a March 2026 customs operation seized narcotics both smuggled in through border towns and destined for neighbouring countries, alongside 17 suspects and 10 vehicles. |
| Faroe IslandsEurope | Police seized 29.58 kg of hashish in 2025, compared with 69.69 kg in 2024 and 16.25 kg in 2021. Their strategic drug-enforcement focus is on organisers and larger middlemen. |
| FijiOceania | Fiji recorded 2,446 drug cases from May 2024 to May 2025, of which 2,098, or 85.7 per cent, were marijuana; 50 involved juveniles and 1,506 were aged 18–35. |
| FinlandEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 1,668 kg of herbal cannabis and 274 kg of cannabis resin seized in Finland in 2024, against 1,018 kg and 211 kg in 2023. |
| FranceEurope | All cannabis sold in France is illegal, and it is the largest drug market by volume. A study for the national drug observatory OFDT estimated that 397 tonnes were consumed in mainland France in 2023, worth about 2.7 billion… |
| French PolynesiaOceania | Cannabis is locally produced in mountain valleys and fa'aapu, with inter-island traffic such as the Huahine-to-Tahiti plane route. |
| GabonAfrica | Cannabis is the drug Gabon's police intercept most. The commander of the National Police Forces reported in January 2026 that seizures rose from 433 kg in 2024 to 975 kg in 2025, and that the anti-drug office OCLAD took part in… |
| GambiaAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,924 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,954 kg in 2023, and 14 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 9.6 kg in 2023. |
| GeorgiaAsia | The illicit market is well established. The Interior Ministry seized 3,017 kg of cannabis in 2022, and researchers describe easier access alongside rising seizures. |
| GermanyEurope | The government's evaluation put adult demand at about 743 tonnes a year. In 2024 the cultivation associations supplied less than 0.1% of it and medical cannabis from pharmacies roughly 12 to 14%; |
| GhanaAfrica | All cannabis on sale is illegal. The Narcotics Control Commission burned about 50 tonnes of seized drugs, mostly cannabis, in February 2023, valued at 50 million cedis; |
| GibraltarEurope | Not researched yet |
| GreeceEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 5,216 kg of herbal cannabis and 218 kg of cannabis resin seized in Greece in 2024, against 6,116 kg and 349 kg in 2023. |
| GreenlandNorth America | Not researched yet |
| GrenadaNorth America | With no legal sales, the market is supplied illegally, much of it with compressed cannabis brought in from outside. |
| GuamOceania | With no legal retail yet, all sale is illegal. Guam Customs seized 31.2 kg of marijuana and derivatives in 2023 and 136.1 kg in 2024 to 12 August, plus 4,000 marijuana cigarettes; |
| GuatemalaNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,097 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 756 kg in 2023. |
| GuernseyEurope | The authorities have identified diversion of prescribed cannabis as a concern alongside the illegal market. |
| GuineaAfrica | Not researched yet |
| Guinea-BissauAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 9,579 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 291 kg in 2022. |
| GuyanaSouth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,000 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 1,545 kg in 2021. |
| HaitiNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 503 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 131 kg in 2023. |
| HondurasNorth America | Marijuana is grown in the country. The armed forces said in June 2025 that they had secured 13 illegal marijuana fields with about 180,000 plants so far that year, beside 37 coca plantations with more than 770,000 bushes. |
| Hong KongAsia | UNODC records 4,086 kg of herbal cannabis and 296 kg of resin seized in 2024, against 3,069 kg of herb and 296 kg of resin in 2023; |
| HungaryEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 605 kg of herbal cannabis and 34 kg of cannabis resin seized in Hungary in 2024, against 484 kg and 5.6 kg in 2023. |
| IcelandEurope | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 290 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 210 kg in 2023, and 22.8 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 175 kg in 2023. |
| IndiaAsia | Cannabis is by far the most seized drug in India. The Narcotics Control Bureau's annual report for 2025 counted 633.59 tonnes of cannabis seized, about half of all drugs by weight, up from 540.8 tonnes in 2024 but below the 816.9… |
| IndonesiaAsia | The illegal supply is domestic and centred on Aceh, in northern Sumatra, where the narcotics agency speaks of illicit cannabis production and destroys hill plantations every year. |
| IranAsia | The whole market is illegal and, by Ghiabi's fieldwork, easy to reach: officials said the time needed to obtain hashish or cannabis anywhere in Tehran had fallen from fifteen minutes to seven. |
| IraqAsia | The market is illegal and the authorities report large seizures. In 2024 the interior ministry reported 6,183 kg of narcotics seized and 14,438 arrests, all drugs combined. |
| IrelandEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 2,916 kg of herbal cannabis and 171 kg of cannabis resin seized in Ireland in 2024. Herbal cannabis was seized on 6,118 occasions and resin on 374. |
| Isle of ManEurope | Not researched yet |
| IsraelAsia | The illicit market remains large. Police opened 9,164 files for drug trafficking, possession not for personal use, cultivation or manufacture in 2024, a category covering all drugs, and police laboratories tested 10.45 tonnes of… |
| ItalyEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 28,752 kg of herbal cannabis and 17,333 kg of cannabis resin seized in Italy in 2024, against 40,225 kg and 27,075 kg in 2023. |
| JamaicaNorth America | Most ganja in Jamaica is still grown and sold outside the licensed system: enforcement is patchy and tourists and locals buy on the street. |
| JapanAsia | Police and customs count seizures separately. The government reported 452 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, down from 850 kg in 2023, and 11.8 kg of resin, up from 1 kg. |
| JerseyEurope | Not researched yet |
| JordanAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 263 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 70.5 kg in 2023, and 6,243 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2023, against 7,313 kg in 2022. |
| KazakhstanAsia | The market is supplied from inside the country, from wild and planted cannabis in the south. Every summer the interior ministry runs an operation called Karasora against growing, harvesting and transit, with helicopter and drone… |
| KenyaAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 28,153 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 25,840 kg in 2023. |
| KiribatiOceania | The local market is small-scale and domestic: police report raids on one- to two-metre plants in household gardens, not large farms. |
| KosovoEurope | In the January 2025 Pristina operation police seized 25.2 kg of suspected marijuana and arrested four men, the largest recent seizure in the retained sources. No wider seizure series was found. |
| KuwaitAsia | Not researched yet |
| KyrgyzstanAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 298 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 265 kg in 2023, and 240 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 235 kg in 2023. |
| LaosAsia | UNODC records 3,274 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,045 kg in 2023. The government reported about 3.6 tonnes in 2024 and 27,626 kg from July 2021 to October 2025. |
| LatviaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 158 kg of herbal cannabis and 186 kg of cannabis resin seized in Latvia in 2024, against 190 kg and 2.7 kg in 2023. |
| LebanonAsia | No consolidated official cannabis seizure series is published. Reported cases include 6.4 kg of hashish at Beirut airport in June 2024, army destruction of fields in the Bekaa in August and September 2025, and 720 kg of hashish… |
| LesothoAfrica | Unlicensed cannabis is one of Lesotho's most significant cash crops, though it appears in no official economic statistics. |
| LiberiaAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,581 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 596 kg in 2023. |
| LibyaAfrica | Libya is a transit route for Moroccan resin and a smaller producer of its own. UNODC puts the 2024 retail resin price at 20,000–35,000 dinars a kilogram and records four 2024 seizures worth 8.37–14.65 million dinars. |
| LiechtensteinEurope | Not researched yet |
| LithuaniaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 230 kg of herbal cannabis and 410 kg of cannabis resin seized in Lithuania in 2024, against 198 kg and 3.7 kg in 2023. |
| LuxembourgEurope | Since nothing may be sold, anyone who does not grow buys illegally; reducing that was a stated aim of the 2023 law, and no data on whether it has worked were found. Luxembourg is also a transit point. |
| MacauAsia | Seizures are overwhelmingly herbal cannabis at the airport. The Judiciary Police recorded 9.30 kg of herb and 419 g of THC in 2024, and 51.54 kg of herb and 3.34 kg of THC in 2025; no resin line is published. |
| MadagascarAfrica | Cannabis, called rongony, is grown on a large scale for the home market and for neighbouring islands. A 2021 study estimated that the commune of Antsahabe alone produces at least 200 tonnes a year, and surveys in mid-2020 found a… |
| MalawiAfrica | Police recorded 952 trafficking cases and seized 36.6 tonnes in 1999 alone. The trade runs on in bulk: 100 kg stopped at a Senzani checkpoint in October 2025, and 15 kg found in a Lilongwe bedroom in February 2026. |
| MalaysiaAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 4,025 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 4,800 kg in 2023. |
| MaldivesAsia | Not researched yet |
| MaliAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 32,000 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 22,217 kg in 2022, and 440 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2023, against 1,874 kg in 2022. |
| MaltaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 214 kg of herbal cannabis and 4,316 kg of cannabis resin seized in Malta in 2024, against 154 kg and 1.5 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 88 occasions and resin on 20. |
| Marshall IslandsOceania | Not researched yet |
| MauritaniaAfrica | UNODC records 4 kg of herbal cannabis and 40 kg of resin seized in 2024, figures that are probably partial. |
| MauritiusAfrica | Not researched yet |
| MexicoNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 71,538 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 72,873 kg in 2023. |
| MicronesiaOceania | Historical local evidence: Oneisom's five-month Chuuk study in 1985, published in 1991, described mostly part-time or family cannabis dealing alongside a dealer network, with locally grown cannabis and reported supplies from… |
| MoldovaEurope | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 34.9 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 66.4 kg in 2023, and 20.6 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 26.1 kg in 2023. |
| MonacoEurope | Not researched yet |
| MongoliaAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 117 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 122 kg in 2023. In September 2024 police stopped two men in Ulaanbaatar with about 17 kg of cannabis plants. |
| MontenegroEurope | Not researched yet |
| MoroccoAfrica | Morocco is the world's biggest producer of cannabis resin according to the United Nations, and the illegal trade still dwarfs the legal one. |
| MozambiqueAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,856 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,853 kg in 2023. |
| MyanmarAsia | Cannabis is a small part of the drugs the authorities seize. Among the drugs seized between June 2024 and May 2025 and burned in June 2025 were over 597 kg of marijuana, against 1,744 kg of heroin, over 1,334 kg of opium, over… |
| NamibiaAfrica | Cannabis dominates drug seizures: the March 2025 police statement valued seized cannabis at about N$3.1 million out of N$3.5 million total. |
| NauruOceania | OCIndex 2025 scores Nauru's cannabis trade 1.5 out of 10 and reports some smuggling, primarily from Fiji, alongside local use and cultivation. |
| NepalAsia | Cannabis is grown illegally across Nepal; one campaigner quoted by Nepali Times in 2026 called it an open secret. |
| NetherlandsEurope | Coffeeshop sales are tolerated but, outside the supply experiment, the cannabis they sell is grown illegally. Police dismantled 895 growing sites in 2024, the first year below a thousand in a long time; |
| New ZealandOceania | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,136 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 812 kg in 2023, and 4.7 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 2.7 kg in 2023. |
| NicaraguaNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,980 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 2,640 kg in 2022. |
| NigerAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 10,762 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023, against 4,272 kg in 2022, and 77.5 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2023, against 10.5 kg in 2022. |
| NigeriaAfrica | The whole market is illegal and largely home-grown. A 2019 UN survey documented 8,900 hectares of cannabis across six southern states; |
| North KoreaAsia | Not researched yet |
| North MacedoniaEurope | Investigations have repeatedly involved licensed medical growers: GI-TOC reported seizures of 561 kg and 8,723 stems in 2022, then 4.6 tonnes and 3,799 plants in 2023. |
| Northern CyprusEurope | Not researched yet |
| Northern Mariana IslandsOceania | The last detailed federal picture, from 2003, found local cultivation small and mostly personal, most supply coming from the Philippines and Palau, wholesale at about $1,500 a pound in Saipan and joints at $2.50 before 2000–01… |
| NorwayEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 1,087 kg of herbal cannabis and 2,591 kg of cannabis resin seized in Norway in 2024, against 533 kg and 3,281 kg in 2023. |
| OmanAsia | The Public Prosecution reported 6,741 drug cases in 2023–2024, an all-drug figure. Airport and postal seizures in 2025–2026 included 11.65 kg of marijuana at Salalah airport, 12.66 kg at Muscat airport, 7.29 kg in 24 postal food… |
| PakistanAsia | The whole market is illegal, and hashish (charas) is the drug the authorities seize most. In 2024 Pakistan reported seizing 167.4 tonnes of cannabis resin and 9.9 tonnes of herbal cannabis, a sharp rise from 102.4 tonnes of resin… |
| PalauOceania | UNODC records 2.3 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024. Palau's local market is small and localised, with cannabis processed into cigarettes and sold through small outlets. |
| PalestineAsia | UNODC's last year with a herb and resin split for Palestine is 2023: about 32 kg of herbal cannabis and 52 kg of resin. |
| PanamaNorth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 24,290 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 33,610 kg in 2023. |
| Papua New GuineaOceania | Reported cases run to bulk weight: twenty-five years for 14–20 kg in 2025, and K30,000 or twenty years for 4.7 kg in 2026. These are enforcement outcomes, not a measure of the trade's size, on which no verified figures were found. |
| ParaguaySouth America | Paraguay grows cannabis mainly for export: the anti-drug agency says most production is aimed at the Brazilian market and run by large criminal organisations. |
| PeruSouth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 56,327 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 38,704 kg in 2023. |
| PhilippinesAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 5,920 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 2,124 kg in 2023; resin was 1 kg in 2023 and blank in 2024, which may mean non-reporting rather than zero. |
| PolandEurope | The EU drugs agency records 7,058 kg of herbal cannabis and 1,635 kg of resin seized in Poland in 2024, against 4,251 kg and 783 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 20,222 occasions and resin on 809. |
| PortugalEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 1,845 kg of herbal cannabis and 7,344 kg of cannabis resin seized in Portugal in 2024, against 1,549 kg and 37,945 kg in 2023. |
| Puerto RicoNorth America | Not researched yet |
| QatarAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 195 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 29 kg in 2022, and 489 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 774 kg in 2022. |
| RéunionAfrica | Not researched yet |
| RomaniaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 861 kg of herbal cannabis and 43 kg of cannabis resin seized in Romania in 2024, against 940 kg and 43 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 3,529 occasions and resin on 285. |
| RussiaEurope | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 6,847 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 7,868 kg in 2023, and 3,262 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 5,314 kg in 2023. |
| RwandaAfrica | Rwanda is a destination for Congolese cannabis: police say the narcotics in the December 2017 seizure were trafficked from DR Congo, and mark Rubavu and Kirehe as major trafficking routes. |
| Saint Kitts and NevisNorth America | Sales outside a licence are illegal, and in practice that has meant all sales: the Medicinal Cannabis Authority that is to license a regulated medicinal trade was launched only on 25 April 2025. |
| Saint LuciaNorth America | Not researched yet |
| Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesNorth America | Not researched yet |
| SamoaOceania | Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug; possession of marijuana is the most-charged drug offence, followed by seed possession and cultivation. Domestic growing is concentrated in the hills behind Apia; |
| San MarinoEurope | Not researched yet |
| São Tomé and PríncipeAfrica | Not researched yet |
| Saudi ArabiaAsia | Border operations in December 2024 seized 1.3 tonnes of hashish, 136 tonnes of khat and about 1.4 million pills, with more than 1,800 arrests. |
| SenegalAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 23,024 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 12,738 kg in 2023, and 38.8 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 23.1 kg in 2023. |
| SerbiaEurope | Marijuana is by far the largest drug seized. The interior ministry reported more than 6.1 tonnes of drugs seized in 2025, of which 5.43 tonnes were marijuana, and 130 growing and production sites found: 37 indoor, 92 outdoor and… |
| SeychellesAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 42.1 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 31 kg in 2023, and 1,055 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 200 kg in 2023. |
| Sierra LeoneAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 1,632 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 22,778 kg in 2023. |
| SingaporeAsia | ICA and CNB reported a seizure of about 391 kg of cannabis from a container at Pasir Panjang on 24 September 2026. Preliminary investigations indicated it was transiting Singapore for another country. |
| Sint MaartenNorth America | Not researched yet |
| SlovakiaEurope | The EU drugs agency records 123 kg of herbal cannabis and less than 1 kg of resin seized in Slovakia in 2024, against 112 kg and 9.5 kg in 2023. Herbal cannabis was seized on 733 occasions and resin on 26. |
| SloveniaEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 564 kg of herbal cannabis and 1.3 kg of cannabis resin seized in Slovenia in 2024, against 794 kg and 11 kg in 2023. |
| Solomon IslandsOceania | Reported seizures reach commercial scale: a marijuana haul valued near SBD 1 million was reported by the Solomon Times. |
| SomaliaAfrica | Not researched yet |
| SomalilandAfrica | Not researched yet |
| South AfricaAfrica | Adult-use cannabis sales remain illegal, but the market has changed shape since the Constitutional Court allowed private growing in 2018. |
| South KoreaAsia | The 2025 white paper records 128.6 kg of herbal cannabis, 5.6 kg of resin and 0.3 kg of seed seized, within a total of 1,156.4 kg of drugs of which 65.4% was imported. |
| South SudanAfrica | Not researched yet |
| SpainEurope | The Interior Ministry reported state-force seizures of 257 tonnes of hashish in 2025, up 29% on 2024. It compared this with 357 tonnes in 2023, 318 in 2022 and 672 in 2021, and recorded 875,000 cannabis plants seized in 2025. |
| Sri LankaAsia | The government reported 8,360 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 10,220 kg in 2023, and 292 kg of resin in 2024, against 274 kg in 2023. |
| SudanAfrica | Not researched yet |
| SurinameSouth America | Not researched yet |
| SwedenEurope | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 2,652 kg of herbal cannabis and 7,273 kg of cannabis resin seized in Sweden in 2024, against 2,060 kg and 8,849 kg in 2023. |
| SwitzerlandEurope | A 2020 study led by Addiction Switzerland, based on research in Vaud and extrapolated nationally, estimated annual cannabis consumption at 40–60 tonnes and market value at up to CHF500 million. |
| SyriaAsia | Hashish circulates beside the far larger Captagon trade. The interior ministry said in June 2026 that the security forces had destroyed about 15 tonnes of hashish and about 697 million Captagon pills since December 2024, and that… |
| TaiwanAsia | Reported cannabis seizures reached 2.3 tonnes in 2023, against 240.5 kg in 2021, and the High Prosecutors' Office counted 2,493 kg and 13,917 plants in 2024. |
| TajikistanAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 63.7 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 90.3 kg in 2023, and 3,947 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 4,294 kg in 2023. |
| TanzaniaAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,303,200 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,757,560 kg in 2023. |
| ThailandAsia | The best-documented illegal trade is export. In March 2025 police at Chiang Mai airport seized more than 100 kg of cannabis flower in four days from foreign couriers bound mostly for London, and could charge almost none of them… |
| Timor-LesteAsia | No national cannabis seizure series is published, and UNODC has no Timor-Leste rows. A 2012 UNFPA assessment found cannabis locally grown and easily available, with hashish brought from Indonesia; |
| TogoAfrica | Cannabis is the main drug the authorities seize. Of 5,729 kg of drugs seized across Togo in 2024 and burned in Lomé in January 2026, more than 5,291 kg was cannabis, beside 51.77 kg of cocaine and 8.5 kg of methamphetamine. |
| TongaOceania | Cannabis is locally cultivated in bush allotments and outer islands, including Vava'u, 'Eua, Matahau and Fua'amotu, and sold in small dealer packs. |
| TransnistriaEurope | Cannabis consumed in Transnistria is sourced primarily from illegal outdoor home-growing during the summer months or smuggled across the river from right-bank Moldova. |
| Trinidad and TobagoNorth America | Not researched yet |
| TunisiaAfrica | UNODC records 1,815 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 1,003 kg in 2023, and does not report a herbal-cannabis series for Tunisia. |
| TürkiyeAsia | The EU drugs agency's statistical bulletin records 47,710 kg of herbal cannabis and 13,751 kg of cannabis resin seized in Turkey in 2024, against 71,429 kg and 27,836 kg in 2023. |
| TurkmenistanAsia | Not researched yet |
| TuvaluOceania | Not researched yet |
| UgandaAfrica | Uganda is a transit country: drugs move overland through less-supervised borders such as Busia and Bunagana, and Entebbe airport is described as a major trafficking route. |
| UkraineEurope | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,061 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 1,794 kg in 2023, and 1 kg of cannabis resin seized in 2024, against 3.1 kg in 2023. |
| United Arab EmiratesAsia | The national police reported 12,340 kg of narcotics and psychotropics seized in 2024, 9,774 drug-crime reports and 13,513 suspects; the figures cover all drugs, not cannabis alone. |
| United KingdomEurope | All recreational cannabis is supplied illegally. The most detailed estimate found is old: a 2018 report by the Institute of Economic Affairs, a think tank arguing for legalisation, put consumption in 2016/17 at 255 tonnes by just… |
| United StatesNorth America | Legal states have not ended the illegal trade, and no national figure for its share was found. The federal drug agency's 2025 threat assessment says Chinese criminal organisations dominate domestic growing and distribution, with… |
| UruguaySouth America | Eleven years after legalisation, the government's second evaluation of the law found that 46% of current users were registered for one of the legal routes. |
| US Virgin IslandsNorth America | Not researched yet |
| UzbekistanAsia | In 2025 the authorities recorded 15,400 drug crimes and seized 3.4 tonnes of narcotic, psychotropic and potent substances. Hashish made up 48% of the seized drugs and opium 27%; the report gives no marijuana share. |
| VanuatuOceania | No seizure statistics or trade-scale account was verified in the sources read; the profile rests on court records of personal and commercial grows rather than market measurement. |
| VenezuelaSouth America | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 13,115 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 8,416 kg in 2023. |
| VietnamAsia | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 2,580 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 727 kg in 2023. |
| YemenAsia | Hashish is the main cannabis product in reported seizures. The government's drug-control administration counted 2,986 kg of hashish in 2025 and 613.7 kg in the first half of 2026 in the governorates it controls; |
| ZambiaAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 15,606 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2024, against 16,577 kg in 2023. |
| ZimbabweAfrica | Figures reported by the government to the UN drugs office record 627 kg of herbal cannabis seized in 2023. |