What the index is built on

The share of adults who used cannabis in the past year, from each country's most recent national survey as reported to UNODC, and the number of people that share stands for today. The count uses a population of the same age band as the survey. Most surveys ask people aged 15 to 64; where a survey used another age band, the band is given with the figure. Every country and territory on the site has a row.

Covers

219 countries and territories on this site

File

unodc-cannabis-use.csv · 37 kB · 543 rows · 15 columns
SHA-256 8d8bdce9234b7211523358a5dee850c52e075e647f606669c5e106ab310f740b

Original file

unodc-wdr2026-1.2-prevalence-national.xlsx · 1.2 MB · as published · SHA-256 2f78e45b145c0adb259dfc5bd7a39955b9e9bd5fcb91e0317276dd3af5d7771a

Published by

UNODC — World Drug Report 2026, statistical annex, table 1.2 Prevalence of drug use in the general population, national data · table 1.2, spreadsheet

How the file was made

Rebuilt on 23 October 2026 by scripts/extract-unodc.py from UNODC's spreadsheet, which is published here unchanged: sheet "Cannabis", the best estimate of the latest survey for each country (a survey period such as 2022/23 counts as its last year). The United Kingdom is represented by England and Wales. Where the table has no figure, `source` says what was used instead: "earlier" keeps the figure this site had before, taken from Wikipedia's list of older UNODC figures; "estimate" is the median of the measured countries in the same region, computed here, not a regional total published by UNODC. `users` applies the share to a population of the survey's own age band, from the World Bank's five-year age groups (male and female summed, latest year). A band that cuts through a group is split evenly across those ages and marked `users_approximate`. A survey with no recorded age, and a regional median, use the population aged 15 to 64 (SP.POP.1564.TO). Where that population is missing, the row has no user count. The sum of these country counts is not UNODC's separate estimate of 256 million cannabis users worldwide in 2024.

Shown on

the map of users, the map of the share of adults, the map of use against freedom, the rankings and every country profile

The share of 15- and 16-year-olds who used cannabis in the past year, mostly from school surveys such as ESPAD, as each government reports them to UNODC. Only surveys of this age group are used, so that countries can be compared: some large countries, Germany, France and Spain among them, report only other age bands and are left out.

Covers

51 countries and territories on this site

File

unodc-cannabis-use-youth.csv · 7 kB · 108 rows · 9 columns
SHA-256 2eb8153b870fab9f9adb8c636c7f30c2933a08edbddef9a1860f60494ed7f2de

Original file

unodc-wdr2026-1.4-prevalence-youth.xlsx · 818 kB · as published · SHA-256 cc12377e13d552f313235aa15135ca826dd5236eb8c90dbd7568d4d0474f3248

Published by

UNODC — World Drug Report 2026, statistical annex, table 1.4 Prevalence of drug use in the youth population, national data · table 1.4, spreadsheet

How the file was made

The publisher's spreadsheet was downloaded on 21 October 2026 and is published here unchanged. The CSV is extracted from it by scripts/extract-unodc.py (youth): sheet "Cannabis", rows covering ages 15 to 16 with a past-year figure, the latest survey for each country. Rows about herb or resin only, or about one part of a country, are left out, and UNODC's age group is written out ("(SS) 15 - 16" as "ages 15–16, school survey").

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

Adults were asked whether using marijuana is morally acceptable, morally unacceptable, or not a moral issue. Nationally representative samples of about 1,000 people or more in each of 25 countries.

Covers

25 countries and territories on this site

File, 2025 edition

pew-marijuana-morality-2026.csv · 1 kB · 25 rows · 8 columns · 2025
SHA-256 e50a86d084b1ec51e712acaa11aa3d5c7b306a56cfe71d6b1980306bbf0add33

Published by

Pew Research Center — In 25-country survey, Americans especially likely to view fellow citizens as morally bad (5 March 2026) · topline, question 17g

How the file was made

Transcribed by hand on 20 October 2026 from the "Total" row of each country in the topline PDF (question 17g, "Using marijuana"). The columns are the per cent of adults answering morally acceptable, morally unacceptable, not a moral issue, depends on the situation (volunteered) and don't know or refused, and the number of people asked.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

• United States: In the United States the question said “morally wrong” instead of “morally unacceptable”.

Offences of using cannabis or possessing it for one's own use that the police record each year, as European countries report them to the EUDA ("drug law offences, cannabis, use"): cannabis alone, unlike UNODC's figures for all drugs, and not offences of supply such as dealing, trafficking or growing for sale. An offence is not a conviction: depending on the country it may end in a fine, a caution, a referral to treatment or a criminal case. Countries record offences or offenders, and define them, in different ways, so compare a country with itself over time rather than with its neighbours. The EUDA notes that Slovenia counted only use-related offences in 2023, that Portugal's figures for 2017 to 2021 lack one police force, and that Greece's include all cannabis products since 2018. Shown per 100,000 people using today's population.

Covers

23 countries and territories on this site

File

euda-cannabis-use-offences.csv · 7 kB · 328 rows · 4 columns · 2007–2024
SHA-256 059dbf24deee5c4be116abf537e48fccdaefe505a3cc3d07bb49f905a0efbee6

Original file

euda-sb2026-dlo-03-2-0-cannabis-use-offences.xml · 13 kB · as published · SHA-256 5a0075c08e3b775302b55c4c86580548d16fa67d9df71caeb3c246d75a7ae6fd

Published by

EUDA — Statistical Bulletin 2026, drug law offences, cannabis, use (table DLO-03-2-0) · table DLO-03-2-0, spreadsheet

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so the table was read in a browser on 21 October 2026 from its data service (the XML behind the table) and saved unchanged; its SHA-256 was checked against the browser's copy. scripts/extract-euda.py (cannabis_offences) turns it into one row per country and year with a figure.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

People brought into formal contact with the police, such as being suspected, arrested or cautioned, for offences of drug use or possession, as each government reports them to UNODC. All illicit drugs are counted together: cannabis is not reported separately. Countries define and record these offences differently, and some include administrative fines, so compare with care. Shown per 100,000 people using today's population.

Covers

104 countries and territories on this site

File

unodc-drug-possession-police.csv · 8 kB · 334 rows · 5 columns
SHA-256 615de24505e662a9aeee1ec0f49467fad29b898ac3842ff0828037c4b3fb3db9

Original file

unodc-wdr2026-10.1-drug-related-crimes.xlsx · 294 kB · as published · SHA-256 64b117c05f38c611fef24e091a44637a6a3e9becbf6884e47577ac8b524ccba0

Published by

UNODC — World Drug Report 2026, statistical annex, table 10.1 Drug-related crimes · table 10.1, spreadsheet

How the file was made

The publisher's spreadsheet was downloaded on 21 October 2026 and is published here unchanged. The CSV is extracted from it by scripts/extract-unodc.py (offences): sheet "Formal contact", offences related to drug use and/or possession, any illicit drug, the latest year with a figure for each country. The United Kingdom reports the year ending March 2025.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

Kilograms of cannabis herb and cannabis resin seized by the authorities each year, as reported to UNODC. Seizures show where enforcement and trafficking routes are, not how much cannabis is used: a transit country can seize far more than it consumes. Figures are as reported, and some countries appear to count plants destroyed in the field as herb, which makes their totals very large. Plants, oil and seeds are left out.

Covers

167 countries and territories on this site

File

unodc-cannabis-seizures.csv · 49 kB · 1,320 rows · 7 columns · 2015–2024
SHA-256 993675e23a5f9b5d136cc4a7ab9f1f2ee53f9f713e930bee74d0512c3321acc3

Original file

unodc-wdr2026-7.1-drug-seizures.xlsx · 976 kB · as published · SHA-256 5511c9a3bdbe3b7ec47af3d97a29fade98574eb4578629b787716cd74640c45e

Published by

UNODC — World Drug Report 2026, statistical annex, table 7.1 Drug seizures 2015–2024 · table 7.1, spreadsheet

How the file was made

The publisher's spreadsheet was downloaded on 21 October 2026 and is published here unchanged. The CSV is extracted from it by scripts/extract-unodc.py (seizures): herb and resin in kilograms for every country and year, adding up rows of the same kind, with UNODC's source for each figure (ARQ: the government's annual questionnaire; GOV: another government source; AU: the African Union; INCSR: the US State Department).

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

The mean retail price of a gram of cannabis herb and of cannabis resin, in euros, as each country reports it to the EUDA from police purchases, seizures or surveys. Where a country reports several studies in a year, their means are averaged. The EUDA notes that Dutch prices are for cannabis bought anonymously in coffeeshops, not on the street, and that Türkiye reports one price for herb and resin together. Prices are not adjusted for inflation.

Covers

30 countries and territories on this site

File

euda-cannabis-prices.csv · 9 kB · 450 rows · 6 columns · 2002–2024
SHA-256 1dc440a5a154e4c24edfcd86c26a4919d59d240162ed151f59cd701c75caa7ce

Original files

euda-sb2026-ppp-02-1-1-2-3-herb-price.xml · 18 kB · as published · SHA-256 b325bc3abc99a7dadf92f07c2ccb25cc57f3e633fe5273b1363d149461d75799
euda-sb2026-ppp-02-1-1-1-3-resin-price.xml · 18 kB · as published · SHA-256 30d1e9245b99e684b827f3ad9373cc8bba6fab5b2feb38a78af12620ee6056b9

Published by

EUDA — Statistical Bulletin 2026, price, purity and potency, retail price of cannabis herb and resin, mean (tables PPP-02-1-1-2-3 and PPP-02-1-1-1-3) · herb price table, spreadsheet

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so both tables were read in a browser on 21 October 2026 from its data service, sent compressed and saved unchanged; each file's SHA-256 matches the browser's copy. scripts/extract-euda.py (prices) turns them into one row per country and year.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

The mean THC content, in per cent, of cannabis herb and resin tested at retail level, mostly from seized samples, as each country reports it to the EUDA. Where a country reports several studies in a year, their means are averaged. Samples, methods and what counts as herb differ between countries, so compare a country with itself over time.

Covers

28 countries and territories on this site

File

euda-cannabis-potency.csv · 10 kB · 482 rows · 6 columns · 2002–2024
SHA-256 81ea10776b65a28bd049eb02fc8bc6663cd21c755ae4661fc53f1882a8b4dd05

Original files

euda-sb2026-ppp-01-1-1-1-2-3-herb-thc.xml · 19 kB · as published · SHA-256 e09e8d592fad439a133e725155882b16938bf5ccdaec5394b15648105009bf9e
euda-sb2026-ppp-01-1-1-1-1-3-resin-thc.xml · 18 kB · as published · SHA-256 9bdf4ab591a3c7a2b148313d5ccdf91e20ac69d54aa49f5948893e0a5496f6bc

Published by

EUDA — Statistical Bulletin 2026, price, purity and potency, THC content of cannabis herb and resin at retail level, mean (tables PPP-01-1-1-1-2-3 and PPP-01-1-1-1-1-3) · herb potency table, spreadsheet

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so both tables were read in a browser on 21 October 2026 from its data service, sent compressed and saved unchanged; each file's SHA-256 matches the browser's copy. scripts/extract-euda.py (potency) turns them into one row per country and year.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

How many places volunteers have tagged as cannabis shops in OpenStreetMap, the open map of the world, inside each country's borders: dispensaries, licensed shops, coffeeshops and CBD shops alike, wherever mappers used the tag. It shows where cannabis is sold openly, but also how thoroughly an area is mapped: Thailand, with thousands of shops, has only a few hundred tagged. Each count is a dated edition; counting again later adds a new one, so the trend builds up over time. Shown per million people.

Covers

63 countries and territories on this site

File, 2026 edition

osm-cannabis-shops-2026-10-21.csv · 1 kB · 63 rows · 4 columns · 2026
SHA-256 e67db54754d1892a5fac86f2c922eb8123a30c3ce18b3800eb8880ed74d17bb7

Published by

OpenStreetMap contributors — places tagged shop=cannabis, via the Overpass API (data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL) · Overpass API

How the file was made

Counted on 21 October 2026 through the Overpass API by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (osm): for each country, the elements tagged shop=cannabis inside its boundary (ISO 3166-1 code, admin level 2). Countries without such a boundary in OpenStreetMap, such as the disputed territories, are left out. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database Licence.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

Every record of the cannabis plant that herbaria, museums, botanical surveys and citizen scientists have shared through GBIF, by the country where the plant was found: wild, feral or grown. Old herbarium sheets show where the plant was collected centuries ago; recent records are mostly photographs from apps such as iNaturalist. The numbers say as much about who records plants as about where cannabis grows. The map and charts count records with a date; many have none, and those are given separately.

Covers

134 countries and territories on this site

File

gbif-cannabis-records.csv · 46 kB · 3,190 rows · 5 columns · 1500–2026
SHA-256 8139b42e553ba153a5d943c3408bd6ba00e1af34c2d6224359f75647a2bc8db6

Published by

GBIF.org (21 October 2026), GBIF Occurrence Search, genus Cannabis · GBIF occurrence API

How the file was made

Counted on 21 October 2026 through GBIF's public API by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (gbif): the genus Cannabis with all its species and synonyms, faceted by country and then by year. The individual records keep the licences their publishers chose (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-NC); only counts are kept here.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

How much hemp each country grows for fibre and for seed, in hectares harvested and tonnes produced, every year since 1961, as governments report them to FAO. It shows the crop itself, not cannabis use: industrial hemp has little THC. Fibre and seed areas overlap where one crop gives both, so the area shown is the larger of the two, not their sum. Records are patchy: some countries report only fibre or only seed, some only area, and many stop for years.

Covers

39 countries and territories on this site

File

faostat-hemp.csv · 66 kB · 1,340 rows · 13 columns · 1961–2024
SHA-256 d8517aa2876b9fe8934326eea2e49c5b7297830545513d334440b20cd824195f

Published by

FAOSTAT — Production: Crops and livestock products (QCL), hemp fibre and hempseed · bulk download, all crops and livestock

How the file was made

FAO's bulk file (last updated 23 December 2025, about 34 MB) was downloaded on 21 October 2026 and read by scripts/extract-faostat-hemp.py, which keeps the hemp rows: "True hemp, raw or retted" (fibre) and "Hempseed", production and area harvested, every year, with FAO's flag for each figure (A official, E estimated, I imputed, X another international body). The bulk file is too large to keep here. Countries are matched by their M49 code; FAO's "China" aggregate is left out in favour of mainland China, and former states (the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) are kept in the file without a country, so the site does not show them.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

How many research papers about cannabis have authors working in each country, every year since 1950: papers whose title or abstract mentions cannabis, marijuana, marihuana or a cannabinoid, in OpenAlex's open catalogue of scholarly works. A paper with authors in several countries counts for each. It shows where cannabis is studied, which laws can make easier or harder. Shown per million people using today's population.

Covers

188 countries and territories on this site

File

openalex-cannabis-papers.csv · 34 kB · 3,299 rows · 3 columns · 1951–2025
SHA-256 20b3056b48c934e6ea7e4e9f2de4e3cb3d982a08d595b3dc7ab4683f10203ad2

Published by

OpenAlex — works mentioning cannabis, marijuana, marihuana or cannabinoids in their title or abstract, by author country · OpenAlex API

How the file was made

Counted on 21 October 2026 through OpenAlex's public API by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (openalex): one query per year, grouped by the countries of the authors' institutions. The current year, still incomplete, is left out. OpenAlex data is CC0.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

A score from 0 to 10 for personal, civil and economic freedom, built from 87 indicators such as the rule of law, freedom of movement, religion, expression and association, and the size of government, trade and regulation. It covers 165 jurisdictions.

Covers

165 countries and territories on this site

File

hfi-2025.csv · 3.9 MB · 3,960 rows · 155 columns · 2000–2023
SHA-256 82b4ab786fa101b2c07781d951af4e7c31fb6089db022bd32da4c9b4f83ab048

Published by

Cato Institute and Fraser Institute — The Human Freedom Index 2025

How the file was made

The official data file as published by the Cato Institute, saved on 20 October 2026 and not edited. It has a row for every jurisdiction and year from 2000 to 2023; the site uses the overall, personal and economic freedom scores and the overall rank for 2023.

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the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

How free people are from government torture, political killings and forced labour, and how far they have property rights and freedom of movement, religion, expression and association, from 0 (none) to 1, every year, as estimated by V-Dem's country experts. Our World in Data publishes it as its "human rights index". V-Dem scores West and East Germany separately from 1949 to 1990, so Germany has no figures for those years.

Covers

177 countries and territories on this site

File

vdem-civil-liberties.csv · 488 kB · 21,101 rows · 4 columns · 1900–2025
SHA-256 6239ddf060149ef09210112b1ba9ca96a1c9dca61f221a461e6bc9a0b294dcc5

Original file

owid-civil-liberties-vdem.csv · 1.1 MB · as published · SHA-256 940a3ef413aa18e2617920c3260e363d400e055fcad63e457f44d839763d7f83

Published by

V-Dem (2026), Democracy report v16, processed by Our World in Data — Human rights index (V-Dem's civil liberties index) · OWID chart data, CSV

How the file was made

OWID's chart file (V-Dem version 16, OWID update of 17 March 2026) was downloaded on 21 October 2026 and is published here unchanged. scripts/extract-owid.py (civil_liberties) keeps every year from 1900 for the countries this site covers, matching OWID's three-letter codes to ours through the World Bank's country list; historical states and regions are left out.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

How many people live in each country and territory: a figure every ten years from 1900 to 2020 and the latest one. It weights the population-weighted world average, shown beside the plain one, and sorts the rankings by population.

Covers

219 countries and territories on this site

File

population.csv · 44 kB · 2,767 rows · 3 columns · 1900–2025
SHA-256 34f713c4efc77fb46135624510f092532bb997879142c10945b1d6bdb8901b23

Published by

Our World in Data — Population (long-run estimates) · World Bank — Population, total

How the file was made

Compiled for this site on 4 October 2026 and moved into this file on 20 October 2026. For 196 countries the figures from 1900 to 2020 are Our World in Data's long-run series and the latest (mostly 2025) is the World Bank's. 23 dependencies and disputed territories have a single recent figure only. Borders are today's. Not a copy of a published file.

Shown on

the world average by population, the population column of the rankings, research progress weighted by population

The per cent of students aged 15 to 16 who say cannabis would be "fairly easy" or "very easy" to get if they wanted it, overall and for boys and girls, in 37 European countries. A school survey with the same questionnaire everywhere.

Covers

37 countries and territories on this site

File

espad-2024-cannabis-availability.csv · 1 kB · 37 rows · 5 columns
SHA-256 a30b150a69d9c2c4ac616af6f554c20662f6a770822c0a3c0a3316ff01cda4f7

Published by

ESPAD Report 2024 — Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, table 3b · source tables, spreadsheet (table 3b)

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so the spreadsheet of source tables was opened in a browser on 21 October 2026 and the cannabis columns of table 3b were read from it and written here, rounded to two decimals.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

THC-COOH, the main substance the body makes from cannabis, measured in the sewage of cities over one week a year: milligrams a day per 1,000 people served. Not a count of users, as the load depends on how much and how often people use; but it measures what is used rather than what people admit. A country's figure is the mean of its measured cities, weighted by the people each plant serves; one city may stand for a whole country.

Covers

33 countries and territories on this site

File

euda-wastewater-cannabis.csv · 4 kB · 148 rows · 5 columns · 2011–2024
SHA-256 bb9f9bfe60d111c7b84f6f3f98bdf80135b5783c8143ce4621f0fdaa5262762e

Original file

euda-wastewater-cannabis-cities.csv · 17 kB · as published · SHA-256 06169970a6153df51a925b7923bf78e110371804bbd2cae9333c367fcdfb1707

Published by

EUDA — Drugs in municipal wastewater in Europe, source data (2025), tables 1 and 2 · table 2, all data (CSV)

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so its tables 1 and 2 were read in a browser on 21 October 2026; the cannabis rows, with each site's population, are kept in euda-wastewater-cannabis-cities.csv. scripts/extract-wastewater.py averages them by country and year.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

The countries that ruled each country as a colony for a long time, as CEPII records them for its trade studies, up to four per country; those whose rule was short or light are listed apart. Licensed under Etalab 2.0.

Covers

203 countries and territories on this site, of 225 in the file

File

cepii-colonial-links.csv · 8 kB · 225 rows · 6 columns
SHA-256 5f0edda135f1f906d73324067ebdbc959dada9d56bb5fca0b32d5595155d5a47

Original file

geo_cepii.xls · 146 kB · as published · SHA-256 aa43be56e85a0f67459dc2fd1e841710b600b6133cde76536c42bac07c35c9d9

Published by

CEPII — GeoDist, country file (geo_cepii), Mayer and Zignago (2011) · geo_cepii.xls

How the file was made

Downloaded unchanged on 21 October 2026. scripts/extract-cepii.py keeps one row per country and writes the colonisers as country file names.

Shown on

the Charts page

The usual source of cannabis of people who used it in the past year, in per cent: a legal store or website, friends and family (social), an illegal seller, growing it themselves, or another source. The 2018 survey came before the first legal stores opened, so it has no legal figure.

Covers

1 countries and territories on this site

File

health-canada-cannabis-sourcing.csv · 1 kB · 7 rows · 7 columns · 2018–2024
SHA-256 e9362dcf64e4e7ac24a10810e639392b7b823923f5fd0f013483e2ce644e4d5b

Original file

health-canada-cannabis-usual-source.csv · 3 kB · as published · SHA-256 892f31a34816428f6bbe7f5924480d47685ac92f531c273e578da2615440f649

Published by

Health Canada — Cannabis use (non-medical) in Canada, Canadian Cannabis Survey, figure 3 (usual source) · figure 3 data (CSV)

How the file was made

The CSV behind the figure was downloaded unchanged on 21 October 2026 and is kept as health-canada-cannabis-usual-source.csv; scripts/extract-canada.py (sourcing) writes one row per year.

Shown on

the Charts page

What Canada's governments took from the legal cannabis trade in each fiscal year from April, in thousands of Canadian dollars: the profit of the provincial cannabis authorities, the federal and provincial excise taxes, sales taxes and other revenue. `year` is the year the fiscal year starts.

Covers

1 countries and territories on this site

File

statcan-cannabis-revenue.csv · 1 kB · 4 rows · 10 columns · 2021–2024
SHA-256 584cb2f7be5733ada62720708a64158861871c61c2da6075b339296b3eff4359

Original file

statcan-10100165.csv · 115 kB · as published · SHA-256 5f7853653664be931f6af39d908e31c9c6c16dcf369527985ab7e55e865ccf60

Published by

Statistics Canada — Table 10-10-0165-01, Net income of cannabis authorities and government revenue from the sale of cannabis · full table (CSV)

How the file was made

Statistics Canada's site was unavailable on 21 October 2026, so the table is the Internet Archive's copy of its CSV download of 11 October 2026, kept unchanged as statcan-10100165.csv; scripts/extract-canada.py (revenue) keeps Canada's lines.

Shown on

the Charts page

The per cent of students aged 15 to 16 who have ever used cannabis, in each wave of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs from 1995 to 2024, from its trend database. Germany's figures are for Bavaria only. Moldova, Montenegro and North Macedonia held their 2007 wave in 2008.

Covers

37 countries and territories on this site

File

espad-cannabis-lifetime-trend.csv · 5 kB · 232 rows · 4 columns · 1995–2024
SHA-256 4d34c012bd69d27713692c0e9cf78cb6a143874d095404d68b84c13c0f2afcc9

Published by

ESPAD Report 2024 — source tables, figure 32, lifetime use of cannabis by country, 1995–2024 · source tables, spreadsheet (figure 32)

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so the spreadsheet of source tables was opened in a browser on 22 October 2026 and figure 32 was read from it and written here, one row per country and wave, rounded to one decimal.

Shown on

the world map and the Datasets tab of each country it covers

• Germany: Bavaria only, the one German state in the ESPAD trend database.

The per cent of American adults who answer yes to "Do you think the use of marijuana should be made legal, or not?", in every Gallup poll that asked it from 1969 to 2023. Two polls were taken in 2019.

Covers

1 countries and territories on this site

File

gallup-us-legalization.csv · 1 kB · 28 rows · 4 columns · 1969–2023
SHA-256 73dd44fc84d5fa0366bfc56ced5b8e421c1c556b974d2eaac26cbce53cb36960

Published by

Gallup — "Grassroots Support for Legalizing Marijuana Hits Record 70%" (8 November 2023), trend 1969–2023

How the file was made

Read on 22 October 2026 from the data table behind the trend chart of Gallup's article and written here unchanged, with the date of each poll.

Shown on

the Charts page

The WHO's estimate of the litres of pure alcohol drunk in a year per person aged 15 or over, recorded sales and unrecorded alcohol together. A legal drug, for comparison with an illegal one.

Covers

187 countries and territories on this site

File

owid-alcohol-consumption.csv · 51 kB · 3,891 rows · 3 columns · 2000–2020
SHA-256 43a15a049cc61a3f39319ba7eba4dbe1549175948a02e3b65cabf8b6aa24b14f

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Our World in Data — Total alcohol consumption per capita (litres of pure alcohol), from the WHO Global Health Observatory · full data (CSV)

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (alcohol), which keeps the countries with a country file.

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How well a state works, by the World Bank's estimate: the quality of its public services and civil service, and how far it can carry out the policies it makes. An estimate from about −2.5 to 2.5, and the same on a scale of 0 to 100. A measure of capacity, not of freedom.

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204 countries and territories on this site

File

wb-government-effectiveness.csv · 114 kB · 5,351 rows · 4 columns · 1996–2025
SHA-256 659f40d2c7b4bef3df78df06c5886d437f085a9b7180b32c556c1f7a80d20a77

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World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators, government effectiveness (GOV_WGI_GE.EST and GOV_WGI_GE.SC) · World Bank API

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (governance) from the World Bank's API, which keeps the countries with a country file.

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The national gross minimum wage for a month of full-time work, in euros, as it stood in January of each year. Countries without a national minimum wage, such as Austria, Denmark, Finland, Italy and Sweden, have no figure.

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31 countries and territories on this site

File

eurostat-minimum-wages.csv · 9 kB · 777 rows · 3 columns · 1999–2026
SHA-256 40742d38b6e0e99c9686f9516a69e795e3601c430232f59806a0e7c17a1df8f9

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Eurostat — Monthly minimum wages, bi-annual data (earn_mw_cur), in euros · Eurostat API (JSON)

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (minwage), which keeps the January figure of each year.

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How corrupt experts and business people judge a country's public sector, from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). A perception, built from up to 13 surveys and assessments; it says nothing about cannabis itself, but much about how a law is likely to be enforced.

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180 countries and territories on this site

File

owid-corruption-perceptions.csv · 25 kB · 2,286 rows · 3 columns · 2012–2024
SHA-256 e92f9c9e686780da0a05cf80faf23de93798142a26305db4d70f01e04442a82d

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Transparency International — Corruption Perceptions Index, via Our World in Data · full data (CSV)

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (corruption), which keeps the countries with a country file.

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The religious group with the largest share of a country's people, from Pew's estimates built on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys: Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, other religions, or the religiously unaffiliated. People are counted by how they describe themselves, whatever they practise.

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191 countries and territories on this site

File

owid-most-common-religion.csv · 7 kB · 382 rows · 3 columns · 2010–2020
SHA-256 259ede4c3386eab523bd84ca3f182f8452a6ed10025ea7ef342d1790ba8d247c

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Pew Research Center — Global religious composition estimates 2010 and 2020, most common religion, via Our World in Data · full data (CSV)

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (religion), which keeps the countries with a country file.

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The value of everything a country produces in a year, per person, at the prices of one country so that a dollar buys the same everywhere (purchasing power parity), in 2021 dollars. A measure of how rich a country is.

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198 countries and territories on this site

File

wb-gdp-per-person.csv · 95 kB · 6,959 rows · 3 columns · 1990–2025
SHA-256 f0535d0fb28ca846db775960504ab80c72a3e2d3b24272cb1640f0918efedf40

Published by

World Bank — GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $), NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD · World Bank API

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (gdp), which keeps the countries with a country file.

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How many times a month people (not bots) opened the Wikipedia article on cannabis as a drug, in 26 languages spoken mainly in one country: German for Germany, Thai for Thailand and so on. A measure of curiosity: it jumps when cannabis is in the news. German is also read in Austria and Switzerland, Dutch in Belgium.

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26 countries and territories on this site

File

wikipedia-cannabis-views.csv · 147 kB · 3,536 rows · 6 columns · 2015.542–2026.792
SHA-256 ec1d2eba0e9cd96edc3ef36644763aea8fc97c691feac09ebc391332c1757d52

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Wikimedia pageviews API — monthly views by users of the article on cannabis as a drug, by language edition · pageviews API

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (wikipedia); the article in each language is the one the English "Cannabis (drug)" links to.

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• Germany: German Wikipedia, also read in Austria and Switzerland.
• Netherlands: Dutch Wikipedia, also read in Belgium.

Five measures of how a country lives: the share of people using the internet, living in towns and cities and aged 65 or over; life expectancy at birth; and the gross enrolment ratio in higher education, which can pass 100% where many older students enrol.

Covers

212 countries and territories on this site

File

wb-development.csv · 220 kB · 7,632 rows · 7 columns · 1990–2025
SHA-256 c5195048fcb6556c177df967076a734acf01ed01b0cfd33dcc873f63c291b934

Published by

World Bank — World Development Indicators (IT.NET.USER.ZS, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SE.TER.ENRR) · World Bank API

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (development), which keeps the countries with a country file.

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How often each name of the plant and the drug appears in the books Google has scanned, as a share of all words printed that year, per billion words: in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Russian. Worldwide: books are counted by language, not by country. The scanned books are not a random sample of what was printed, and "hemp" also means rope and cloth.

Covers

The world as a whole, not country by country

File

ngram-cannabis-words.csv · 129 kB · 5,352 rows · 4 columns · 1800–2022
SHA-256 7768ba0e2f19f57810862b0d6f4431103c2e2c7d2fd13c02c6cb5f1b6e4b4b74

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Google Books Ngram Viewer — yearly frequency of the names of cannabis in printed books, 1800–2022, six language corpora · the viewer's JSON, English example

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (books), case-insensitive and unsmoothed, all spellings of a word summed.

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Registered clinical studies whose intervention is cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), THC or a cannabinoid medicine, counted once for each country where the study has a site, by the year it started, with the running total; studies not yet started are left out. ClinicalTrials.gov is American and holds most, not all, of the world's registered trials; a study run in several countries counts in each.

Covers

58 countries and territories on this site

File

clinicaltrials-cannabis.csv · 5 kB · 417 rows · 4 columns · 1995–2026
SHA-256 ee909f3b9244804f49a60f0f61f941ab769a494be765b91fcd09f4fee5465489

Published by

ClinicalTrials.gov — registered studies with a cannabis or cannabinoid intervention, API v2 · API v2 query

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (trials), which matches the registry's country names to the country files.

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Political parties that campaign on cannabis, as Wikidata records them: their country, the year they were founded and, if they were, dissolved. Wikidata is written by volunteers and is far from complete; parties whose name does not mention the plant, such as Israel's Ale Yarok ("Green Leaf"), are only found if their ideology is recorded.

Covers

9 countries and territories on this site

File

wikidata-cannabis-parties.csv · 1 kB · 22 rows · 5 columns · 1993–2022
SHA-256 d702480a5c193569fbf6614416a2b8cacfc6bacd6dc200005649ac1c2de5008b

Published by

Wikidata — political parties whose name or ideology mentions cannabis, marijuana or hemp · SPARQL query in scripts/fetch-open-data.py

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (parties).

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The people who entered drug treatment in a year, and how many of them came mainly for cannabis, as each European country reports them to the EUDA. Some come of their own accord, others are sent by a court or the police; countries count treatment differently. Croatia reports everyone in treatment rather than those entering it, and Sweden combines several sources.

Covers

29 countries and territories on this site

File

euda-cannabis-treatment.csv · 1 kB · 29 rows · 5 columns · 2023–2024
SHA-256 d40616fe34135e3cae4db78ed9ac379507781f7c503fa85f11ea526ee8ec4911

Published by

EUDA — Statistical Bulletin 2026, treatment demand, all entrants by main drug (table TDI-0005) · table TDI-0005 (XML)

How the file was made

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so the table was read in a browser on 22 October 2026 from the EUDA's data service and the total and cannabis columns were written here, with the share of cannabis worked out.

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• Croatia: All clients in treatment, not only those entering it.
• Sweden: Several separate sources combined.

Of all the online news articles GDELT monitors from a country's own news sites, the share that mention cannabis or marijuana, averaged over each year; GDELT translates 65 languages to find the words. A measure of attention: how much a country's press talks about cannabis, whatever it says. Countries with few monitored sites give noisier figures.

Covers

147 countries and territories on this site

File

gdelt-cannabis-news.csv · 24 kB · 1,323 rows · 4 columns · 2017–2025
SHA-256 19f269f6563c4706e0e66f957c6a052cbda955a0008f26534dc8542f5b463b17

Published by

The GDELT Project — DOC 2.0 API, share of online news articles mentioning cannabis or marijuana, by the country of the source · DOC 2.0 API, Germany as an example

How the file was made

Downloaded on 22 October 2026 by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (news), one request per country by name; `days` is how many days of a year GDELT returned.

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