Cannabis Freedom Index

Datasets Plant and market · not part of the score

Records of the cannabis plant

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) · records from 1500 to 2026

Cannabis is also simply a plant, wild in some places and grown in many more. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility gathers every record of it shared by herbaria, museums, botanical surveys and citizen scientists, by the country where it was found.[1] Records exist for 134 countries; the most come from Russia, the United States and Sweden, and the oldest herbarium sheets go back centuries.

The numbers say as much about who records plants as about where cannabis grows: recent records are mostly photographs from apps such as iNaturalist.[1] For the plant’s local varieties and the people who keep them, see each profile’s genetics and heritage section and the atlas entry on landraces; for the crop grown legally, see hemp grown.

Published by
GBIF.org (21 October 2026), GBIF Occurrence Search, genus Cannabis
Data
GBIF occurrence API
File here
gbif-cannabis-records.csv
See also
The interactive map · The files and their checksums
of 220 places covered
134
years in the file
1500–2026
the median country
13
places with several years
107

Plant records, on the map

The stronger the blue, the more dated records of the cannabis plant. Countries with none are hatched. Use the slider to see how the records built up over the centuries. Select a country for its profile.

Under 1010–5050–200200–1,0001,000 or moreNo dated records of cannabis in GBIF

GBIF.org, genus Cannabis, dated records up to the year shown. Not part of the score.

Highest · Plant records

  1. Russia4,6452026
  2. United States4,3082026
  3. Sweden1,9612026

Lowest · Plant records

  1. Solomon Islands12015
  2. Philippines12010
  3. North Macedonia12023

Country by country

Each place's latest figure, as on its profile. Select a heading to sort.

Further figures
AfghanistanAsia43dated records14 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
AlbaniaEurope2dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20112011
AlgeriaAfrica9dated records5 more without a date · 1 in 19601960
AngolaAfrica8dated records3 more without a date · 2 in 19621962
ArgentinaSouth America16dated records2 more without a date · 2 in 20252025
ArmeniaAsia41dated records15 more without a date · 4 in 20242024
AustraliaOceania169dated records9 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
AustriaEurope605dated records13 more without a date · 30 in 20262026
AzerbaijanAsia5dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19361936
BangladeshAsia6dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
BelarusEurope41dated records3 more without a date · 7 in 20262026
BelgiumEurope1,049dated records14 more without a date · 95 in 20262026
BelizeNorth America2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20102010
BeninAfrica7dated records1 more without a date · 2 in 20132013
BhutanAsia65dated records1 more without a date · 3 in 20262026
BoliviaSouth America5dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
BrazilSouth America177dated records30 more without a date · 2 in 20262026
British Virgin IslandsNorth America2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 19961996
BulgariaEurope21dated records19 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
BurundiAfrica2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 19721972
Cabo VerdeAfrica2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20162016
CambodiaAsia2dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19731973
CameroonAfrica2dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20032003
CanadaNorth America818dated records108 more without a date · 3 in 20262026
ChileSouth America16dated records3 more without a date · 3 in 20262026
ChinaAsia1,818dated records138 more without a date · 74 in 20262026
ColombiaSouth America75dated records11 more without a date · 2 in 20262026
CongoAfrica8dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
Costa RicaNorth America24dated records2 more without a date · 1 in 20212021
Côte d'IvoireAfrica11dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19951995
CroatiaEurope4dated records2 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
CyprusEurope1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19011901
CzechiaEurope126dated records15 more without a date · 10 in 20262026
DenmarkEurope287dated records68 more without a date · 11 in 20262026
DR CongoAfrica28dated records4 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
EcuadorSouth America5dated records3 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
EgyptAfrica7dated records3 more without a date · 1 in 19801980
El SalvadorNorth America1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19881988
Equatorial GuineaAfrica8dated records0 more without a date · 4 in 19991999
EritreaAfrica1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19881988
EstoniaEurope75dated records5 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
EswatiniAfrica1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20232023
EthiopiaAfrica17dated records2 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
FinlandEurope347dated records38 more without a date · 4 in 20262026
FranceEurope757dated records172 more without a date · 13 in 20262026
French PolynesiaOceania2dated records6 more without a date · 2 in 20102010
GabonAfrica3dated records5 more without a date · 1 in 18641864
GeorgiaAsia19dated records2 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
GermanyEurope923dated records1,757 more without a date · 25 in 20262026
GhanaAfrica4dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19721972
GreeceEurope12dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
GreenlandNorth America11dated records1 more without a date · 1 in 20212021
GuineaAfrica1dated records1 more without a date · 1 in 20092009
GuyanaSouth America1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20202020
HaitiNorth America1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20212021
HondurasNorth America2dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20232023
HungaryEurope249dated records161 more without a date · 40 in 20262026
IcelandEurope3dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20222022
IndiaAsia519dated records91 more without a date · 76 in 20262026
IndonesiaAsia1dated records3 more without a date · 1 in 19191919
IranAsia25dated records4 more without a date · 11 in 20262026
IrelandEurope1dated records2 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
Isle of ManEurope3dated records9 more without a date · 1 in 20092009
IsraelAsia5dated records1 more without a date · 1 in 19991999
ItalyEurope80dated records48 more without a date · 2 in 20252025
JamaicaNorth America9dated records1 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
JapanAsia21dated records30 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
JerseyEurope1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 18671867
KazakhstanAsia448dated records58 more without a date · 47 in 20262026
KenyaAfrica6dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
KyrgyzstanAsia95dated records3 more without a date · 6 in 20262026
LaosAsia9dated records2 more without a date · 1 in 20202020
LatviaEurope40dated records7 more without a date · 4 in 20262026
LebanonAsia7dated records3 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
LesothoAfrica19dated records2 more without a date · 2 in 20262026
LiechtensteinEurope1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 18621862
LithuaniaEurope36dated records1 more without a date · 4 in 20262026
LuxembourgEurope21dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
MadagascarAfrica5dated records2 more without a date · 3 in 20072007
MalawiAfrica10dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
MalaysiaAsia1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19111911
MexicoNorth America210dated records6 more without a date · 5 in 20262026
MoldovaEurope19dated records2 more without a date · 11 in 20262026
MongoliaAsia81dated records0 more without a date · 10 in 20262026
MoroccoAfrica27dated records5 more without a date · 6 in 20262026
MozambiqueAfrica3dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 19801980
MyanmarAsia5dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20142014
NamibiaAfrica1dated records1 more without a date · 1 in 18891889
NepalAsia202dated records5 more without a date · 15 in 20262026
NetherlandsEurope1,173dated records97 more without a date · 89 in 20262026
New ZealandOceania57dated records4 more without a date · 2 in 20262026
NigeriaAfrica8dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
North KoreaAsia3dated records8 more without a date · 1 in 19581958
North MacedoniaEurope1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20232023
NorwayEurope191dated records12 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
PakistanAsia351dated records9 more without a date · 3 in 20262026
PanamaNorth America2dated records1 more without a date · 1 in 19751975
Papua New GuineaOceania4dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20262026
ParaguaySouth America2dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
PeruSouth America14dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20252025
PhilippinesAsia1dated records4 more without a date · 1 in 20102010
PolandEurope546dated records179 more without a date · 29 in 20262026
PortugalEurope67dated records3 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
Puerto RicoNorth America3dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20202020
RomaniaEurope155dated records143 more without a date · 15 in 20262026
RussiaEurope4,645dated records730 more without a date · 302 in 20262026
Saint Kitts and NevisNorth America2dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
São Tomé and PríncipeAfrica2dated records1 more without a date · 2 in 18851885
SerbiaEurope22dated records0 more without a date · 6 in 20262026
Sierra LeoneAfrica2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 19651965
SlovakiaEurope118dated records8 more without a date · 8 in 20262026
SloveniaEurope6dated records5 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
Solomon IslandsOceania1dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20152015
South AfricaAfrica354dated records9 more without a date · 36 in 20262026
South KoreaAsia60dated records12 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
SpainEurope215dated records106 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
Sri LankaAsia2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20192019
SurinameSouth America2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20222022
SwedenEurope1,961dated records166 more without a date · 20 in 20262026
SwitzerlandEurope448dated records20 more without a date · 9 in 20262026
TaiwanAsia9dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20062006
TajikistanAsia5dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 19691969
TanzaniaAfrica38dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20222022
ThailandAsia198dated records1 more without a date · 2 in 20262026
TürkiyeAsia14dated records19 more without a date · 2 in 20232023
UgandaAfrica4dated records0 more without a date · 1 in 20242024
UkraineEurope796dated records355 more without a date · 90 in 20262026
United KingdomEurope815dated records1,393 more without a date · 1 in 20262026
United StatesNorth America4,308dated records372 more without a date · 220 in 20262026
UzbekistanAsia15dated records6 more without a date · 6 in 20252025
VanuatuOceania2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 19841984
VenezuelaSouth America2dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 19601960
VietnamAsia19dated records6 more without a date · 1 in 20252025
ZimbabweAfrica4dated records0 more without a date · 2 in 20222022

What is counted, and how the file was made

Every record of the cannabis plant that herbaria, museums, botanical surveys and citizen scientists have shared through GBIF, by the country where the plant was found: wild, feral or grown. Old herbarium sheets show where the plant was collected centuries ago; recent records are mostly photographs from apps such as iNaturalist. The numbers say as much about who records plants as about where cannabis grows. The map and charts count records with a date; many have none, and those are given separately.

Counted on 21 October 2026 through GBIF's public API by scripts/fetch-open-data.py (gbif): the genus Cannabis with all its species and synonyms, faceted by country and then by year. The individual records keep the licences their publishers chose (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-NC); only counts are kept here.

The file belongs to GBIF and keeps its terms; cite the publisher when you use it.

References

  1. GBIF — Occurrence search, Cannabis sativa
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