Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog f8323a2

score triage: script, unscored field, batches 1-2

Add scripts/score-triage.cjs (npm run scores:triage) listing context entries whose category says the law changed, and an optional `unscored` reason in changes.yaml. Batches 1-2 score 11 such entries, add two Guernsey entries and an estimated first restriction for French Polynesia, and give 56 entries unscored reasons. Current scores are unchanged. Also includes the history research already staged (articles, research notes and their changes.yaml entries).

80 history entries added81 history entries edited21 articles written2 articles edited20 files of code, design or docs +5,761 −150 lines

History changes.yaml

Added 80

Edited 81

India amends its narcotics law

unscored

Ended the mandatory death sentence for repeat large-scale trafficking but raised the small-quantity maximum to a year; no segment moves.

Romania's new penal code lowers the minimum penalty for personal possession

title

Romania's new penal code lowers the minimum penalty for personal possession

description

PossessionThe reform accompanying the new Penal Code reduced the Article 4 penalty for unauthorised personal-use had carried twocultivation, production, purchase or possession of risk drugs such as cannabis from six months to fivetwo years in prison. It became' imprisonment or a fine to three months to two years, or a fine. The fine alternative already existed under the 2005 amendment. For high-risk drugs, the former two-to-five-year range became six months to three years. Personal possession remained a criminal offence.

sources

Romanian Ministry of Justice, Portal Legislativ — Law 143/2000, March 2014 republication Romanian Ministry of Justice, Portal Legislativ — Law 143/2000 as at 7 March 2005 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Romania 1 unchanged

Colombia writes a ban on drug use into its constitution

date

2009-12-21

description

At President Uribe's urging, CongressLegislative Act 02 amended Article 49 of the constitution to prohibit carrying and consuming drugsnarcotic or psychotropic substances except on medical prescription. NoIt provided for preventive and rehabilitative administrative measures and treatment, requiring the dependent user's informed consent. The amendment itself attached no criminal penalty was attached. Article 2 made it effective on promulgation, and the21 December 2009. The Constitutional Court later confirmedheld that the amendment did not criminalise possession exclusively for personal dose still cannot be punishedconsumption.

sources

Colombia Función Pública — Legislative Act 02 of 2009 Colombia Constitutional Court — Judgment C-491/12 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Colombia Asuntos Legales — Gobierno nacional derogó decreto para intervención de policía por porte de drogas

related

colombia-personal-dose-1994

Armenia decriminalises drug use

date

2008-07-05

description

Reforms carried out in 2008 removedTwo amendments effective on 5 July repealed the criminal penalty for mereoffence of drug use. Until then a person who only tested positive and introduced administrative offences for pastnon-prescribed use, with no drugs found on them, could be prosecuted and small-quantity possession and related acts without intent to supply. Use became an administrative offence with a very highThe original fine, for use was 100–200 statutory minimum-salary multiples,000 to 400,000 drams; doubling for repetition within a year; small amount for personal use is treated the same waypossession carried 200–400 multiples, also doubling on repetition. The drug law still prohibits possessing any amount without authorisationadministrative schedule included up to 0.5 grams of dried marijuana, lets the police order a test on suspiciontwo grams undried or 0.2 grams of usecannabis resin. Voluntary surrender could exempt small possession, and puts users on a narcological register for at least a yearwhile voluntarily seeking medical help could exempt use. The reform did not legalise supply.

sources

Armenia official legal information system, ARLIS — Law HO-76-N of 26 May 2008 Armenia official legal information system, ARLIS — Law HO-77-N of 26 May 2008 Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Eurasian Harm Reduction Network & IDPC — Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of Armenia (November 2009, PDF) PanARMENIAN.Net — report on a bill raising drug penalties (11 May 2026) Wikipedia — Cannabis in Armenia

Moldova's new Contravention Code takes effect with small-possession and use penalties

date

20082009-05-31

title

Moldova makes drug's new Contravention Code takes effect with small-possession and use an administrative offencepenalties

description

A new code of administrative offences took simple useThe Contravention Code adopted on 24 October 2008 entered into force on 31 May 2009, andreplacing the earlier administrative code. Article 85(1) treated unauthorised acquisition or possession of small amountsquantities without intent to supply, out of criminal law. The penalty isand non-prescribed consumption, as contraventions punishable by a small fine of three to ten conventional units or a fewup to 40 hours of community work. The commencement date does not establish that such conduct first left criminal law then.

sources

Moldova National Road Transport Agency — Contravention Code 218/2008, consolidated in 2014 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Moldova

Belgium restores uniform low-priority handling for small cannabis possession

date

2005-0102-2501

title

Belgium fixes the limit at 3 g or one plantrestores uniform low-priority handling for small cannabis possession

description

After the Constitutional Court struck out part of the 2003 law as too vague, aA joint directive ofsigned on 25 January took effect on 1 February, replacing regional instructions issued after the justice minister and prosecutors set a clear line: up to2004 annulment. Adult personal possession of at most 3 g or one cultivated plant, held by an adult without nuisanceindications of sale or trafficking, gets onlyaggravating circumstances or disturbance of public order, received the lowest prosecution priority and a simplified police recordreport. Police sent monthly report summaries to prosecutors and did not seize cannabis in qualifying cases. The directive retained the quantity guideline from 2003; it did not legalise possession.

sources

Belgian Justice Ministry and College of Prosecutors General — joint directive of 25 January 2005, reproduced by OpenJustice Wikipedia — Cannabis in Belgium

Belgium limits police reporting for adult personal cannabis possession

date

2003-0506-0302

title

Belgium writes the low priority into lawlimits police reporting for adult personal cannabis possession

description

A new law, followed by a royal decree, made possession by adultsThe Law of 3 May 2003 took effect on publication on 2 June. Article 16 required only police registration for an adult's personal-use the lowest categoryquantity of cannabis without public nuisance or problematic use. Possession remained an offence, punished only by a police fine, and extended the tolerance. The accompanying 16 May prosecution guideline treated up to a3 g or one cultivated plant grown at homeas personal use absent indications of sale or trafficking. The Court of Arbitration later annulled the reporting exception for its vague criteria.

sources

Belgian Justice Ministry — Law of 3 May 2003, Justel Belgian Justice Ministry — Law of 3 May 2003, reproduced by Refli Belgium Court of Arbitration — judgment 158/2004 of 20 October 2004 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Belgium

Luxembourg drops prison for simple cannabis use

date

2001-0405-17

title

Luxembourg drops prison for personalsimple cannabis use

description

A reformThe Law of the drug law put cannabis in its own, lower category and made using, possessing or buying it for personal use punishable by a fine only27 April 2001 took effect on 17 May. Prison remainedIt removed imprisonment for simple cannabis use near schools or in front of minors, and differentiated penalties according to the substances and offences involved. It also provided a legal framework for dealingtreatment and harm-reduction measures. The reform reduced penalties within the drug-control framework; it did not establish a legal cannabis supply market.

sources

Luxembourg national EMCDDA focal point, CRP-Santé — RELIS national drug report 2009 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Luxembourg

Mauritius's consolidated drug law takes effect

date

20002001-12-2905

title

Mauritius consolidates its's consolidated drug law takes effect

description

The Dangerous Drugs Act 2000 defines gandia as every parttook effect on 5 December 2001 under Proclamation 26 of the2001. It consolidated drug controls, listed cannabis plant and prohibits sellingcannabis resin in Schedule I, possessing and growing itprohibited cultivation, possession, supply and use subject to its limited authorised research and teaching framework. It replaced earlier drug enactments while preserving proceedings for earlier offences. The year in the Act's title and its 2000 enactment date should be distinguished from commencement.

sources

Mauritius Pharmacy Council — Dangerous Drugs Act 2000, legislative text with commencement annotation WTO — Mauritius, Dangerous Drugs Act 2000

Honduras's replacement drug law takes effect

date

1989-12-13

title

Honduras passes its's replacement drug law takes effect

description

Decree 126-89, the law on the improper use of prohibited cannabis cultivation and prescribed nine to twelve years' imprisonment plus a fine for illicit traffic in drugsgrowing. Minimum quantities for immediate personal consumption, bans plantingassessed medically, growingbrought security measures under Article 26: up to thirty days' internment and a fine for a first case, harvestingescalating measures for repetition, and exploiting marijuana throughoutrehabilitation confinement for dependent users. Above that minimum, possession fell under the countrytrafficking provision. Adopted on 5 September and punishes possession and usepublished on 23 November, the law took effect twenty days after publication, on 13 December.

Bolivia promulgates Law 1008 on coca and controlled substances

date

1988-07-19

title

Bolivia passespromulgates Law 1008 on coca and controlled substances

description

The anti-drug law, written under pressure from the United States, treatsLaw 1008 placed cannabis the same asand its resin alongside cocaine in annex List I. Users areArticle 49 sent dependent and occasional users found with minimal quantities for immediate personal consumption to treatment, but anyone judged until considered rehabilitated. Two specialists from a public dependency-treatment institution were to hold more thanassess that quantity; the law did not set a personalfixed cannabis gram allowance. Possession above that amount facesfell under Article 48's trafficking provision, carrying ten to twenty-five years and a fine. The date records promulgation on 19 July 1988. This was compulsory treatment within prohibition, rather than permission to use cannabis.

sources

Bolivia Directorate General of Civil Service — text of Law 1008 and original annex Wikipedia — Cannabis in Bolivia

Colombia defines the personal dose

description

The national narcotics statuteLaw 30 defined athe personal dose as up to 20 ggrams of marijuana or 5 grams of cannabis resin for one's own consumption, and punished carrying it withexcluding any quantity held for distribution or sale. Article 51 originally imposed up to 30 days of arrest and a fine for a first personal-dose offence; repetition within twelve months brought one month to one year of arrest and a higher fine. Eight years laterIt also provided compulsory treatment for medically established dependence. Article 101 made the law effective on sanction, 31 January 1986. The Constitutional Court kept the definition and's 1994 ruling later struck outArticle 51 while preserving the punishmentpersonal-dose definition.

sources

Colombia Función Pública — Law 30 of 1986 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Colombia Asuntos Legales — Gobierno nacional derogó decreto para intervención de policía por porte de drogas

related

colombia-personal-dose-1994

South Vietnam condemns cannabis and directs provincial cultivation controls

date

1968-10

title

South Vietnam outlawscondemns cannabis and directs provincial cultivation controls

description

With American soldiers using it widely,The US Army official history reports that in October 1968 the South Vietnamese government publicly condemned cannabis and bannedopium use and trafficking, and instructed province chiefs to forbid cannabis cultivation. This documents a policy and enforcement directive, urged on by the United Statesnot a verified first cannabis statute. A separate Library of Congress report identifies an earlier order dated March 1954. The existing score step is retained pending reconstruction of earlier law and territorial coverage.

sources

Law at War: Vietnam, 1964–1973 Wikipedia — Timeline of cannabis law

related

vietnam-indian-hemp-order-1954

The Gold Coast replaces its Dangerous Drugs Ordinance

title

The Gold Coast prohibits possession of cannabisreplaces its Dangerous Drugs Ordinance

description

Before independence, cannabis possession was prohibited by the 1935The colonial annual report identifies Dangerous Drugs Act, which regulatedOrdinance No. 29 of 1935 as implementing the trade1931 international convention, productionreplacing existing drug laws and use of opium and other dangerous drugsapplying across the Gold Coast. Later scholarship associates the 1935 measure with cannabis-possession prohibition. The source adds thatoriginal ordinance has not been inspected here, so this is not presented as proof of the territory's first cannabis cultivation in Ghana expanded significantly between 1960 and 1980restriction or of an exact commencement day.

sources

Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Gold Coast, 1935–36 2 unchanged

Ceylon amends its uncommenced Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance

title

Ceylon's amends its uncommenced Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance

description

The ordinance consolidatedOrdinance No. 43 amended the colony's drug lawsPoisons, Opium and criminalised cannabisDangerous Drugs Ordinance enacted as No. Much17 of 1929. The NDDCB historical handbook says the earlier measure had not been proclaimed because of anticipated implementation difficulties, and that the amended framework took effect in 1936. Cannabis controls already existed under earlier ordinances, it is stillso 1935 was not the basisbeginning of Sri Lanka's drug lawcannabis prohibition in Ceylon.

sources

Handbook of Drug Abuse Information 2015 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Sri Lanka

Siam publishes its Cannabis Act

title

Siam passes thepublishes its Cannabis Act

description

The Cannabis Act, B.E. 2477, was published on 5 May 1935. Section 2 delayed operation until ninety days had been a kitchen herbelapsed after publication, and folk medicine in Siam for centuriessection 3 permitted temporary provincial exemptions by royal decree. The Cannabis Act of 1935 made possessingact restricted cultivation, growingseeds, sellingimports, possession, trade and using it criminal offencesconsumption, with specified permissions and one-year transitional arrangements. This entry uses publication, not the later commencement; its retained score step still requires a timing review.

sources

Cannabis Act, B.E. 2477 — Royal Gazette publication of 5 May 1935 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Thailand

New Zealand passes the Dangerous Drugs Act's cannabis controls

date

1927-11-11

title

New Zealand banspasses the Dangerous Drugs Act's cannabis controls

description

The Dangerous Drugs Act restricted cannabis to medical usereceived assent with Indian hemp, resin, preparations, extracts and tinctures among its scheduled drugs. It established controls on prescriptionimports and dealings while retaining lawful medical routes. Section 1 postponed commencement until 1 January 1928. This entry records enactment, followingrather than treating the Geneva conventionAct's title year as its effective date. Almost nobody used it at the time; the first notable prosecutions came in the 1960s.

sources

Dangerous Drugs Act 1927, No. 18, as enacted Controlling and Regulating Drugs — A Review of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, NZLC R122 Wikipedia — Cannabis in New Zealand

Argentina makes drug possession a crime

description

Two years after restrictingLaw 11,331 added a possession clause to the sale1924 legislation: people not authorised to sell the covered drugs who could not justify a legitimate reason for possession faced punishment. The official register dates legislative sanction to 16 July and publication to 13 August 1926. Historical research cautions that the application of the early narcotics and alkaloids terminology to pharmaciescannabis was contested, Congress made possessing them withoutso this is not proof of a legitimate reason a crimeclear cannabis-specific ban.

sources

Ley 11.331 — official legislative register Cannabis en Argentina: de los afrodescendientes en la colonia al movimiento cannábico 2 unchanged

Peru's first narcotics law leaves cannabis out

date

1921-11-26

description

Law 4428 punished only the clandestine trade incentralised imports and exports of opium, morphine and, cocaine, heroin. Cannabis crops were first covered by Decree and their salts and derivatives through Callao, with health-Law 11005authority supervision, registration and prescription controls. Its listed substances did not name cannabis. The original bears the executive date 26 November 1921, after congressional passage on 21 November.

sources

Ley No. 4428 1 unchanged

Ceylon restricts cannabis sales to licensed dealers

description

The colonial government allowed cannabis to be sold only byOrdinance No. 19 restricted unlicensed dealings in opium and bhang. C. G. Uragoda's history identifies a licensed dealers,-shop framework and a Legislative Council subcommittee considering the same excise approach Britain used in Indiabill on 13 November 1867. That committee date is not treated as the ordinance's assent or commencement date. This was regulation through licensing, rather than a general ban on every form of cannabis possession.

sources

History of opium in Sri Lanka Handbook of Drug Abuse Information 2015 Wikipedia — Timeline of cannabis law Wikipedia — Cannabis in Sri Lanka

Costa Rica replaces public drug-use fines with voluntary treatment

date

20012002-1201-2611

title

Costa Rica removes all penalties forreplaces public drug-use fines with voluntary treatment

description

Law 8204 dropped's revision of the drug law replaced public-use day-fines that had applied to use since 1988 and offeredwith voluntary, free treatment insteadunder Article 79. GrowingArticle 58 retained eight to fifteen years for unauthorised cultivation and supply, makingand possession for the purposes listed there; it did not make all personal possession trafficking. The law was signed on 26 December 2001 and took effect on publication, carrying11 January 2002. It did not create a legal cannabis market, and sellingseparate child-protection provisions remained trafficking offences.

sources

Costa Rica Procuraduría — Law 8204, annotated text Costa Rica ICD — financial-intelligence unit institutional history 1 unchanged

related

costa-rica-law-7093-1988

Mali promulgates its poisonous-substances and narcotics offences law

date

1983-0509-3101

title

Mali passespromulgates its first drugpoisonous-substances and narcotics offences law

description

Law 83/14 AN-RM on the suppression14 prohibited cultivation, production, possession and supply of offences relating to poisonouscontrolled substances, subject to special therapeutic or research authorisations. Article 8 set five to ten years of forced labour and drugs covereda fine of 200,000–2 million francs, or either alone, for illicit use. Article 9 allowed medically assessed detoxification orders for defendants accused of attempted illicit use, traffic and illegal operations connected with drugs. Mali ratified the three UN drug conventions by lawspossible withholding of 12 June 1995punishment. Illegal narcotic production, and replacedmanufacture, import or export could bring life at forced labour under Article 3. Parliament adopted the 1983 law with Law 01-078 in 2001, which punishes personal consumption with six months to three years in prison and a fineon 31 May; the presidential signature is dated 1 September 1983. The event uses that promulgation date.

sources

Mali — Law 83-14, original text reproduced by UNODC International Drug Policy Consortium and West Africa Commission on Drugs (Maria-Goretti Ane, Jamie Bridge) — Drug laws in West Africa, annex of country profiles, November 2017 (PDF)

related

mali-drug-law-2001

Articles and atlas entries 23

costa-rica-law-8204-2001 articles/costa-rica-law-8204-2001.md

text

Costa Rica's drug law has been rewritten more than once since [1988](/history/costa-rica- … use out of the criminal law and made it an administrative matter punished with day-fines. The version ofLaw 8204, signed on 26 December 2001, revised Law 8204, is the one still7786 and took effect on publication in forceLa Gaceta on 11 January 2002. According to the Transnational Institute's review, it removed the remaining sanction and … since article 58 punishes both with at least eight years. The total moves from 17 to 22.

sources

Costa Rica Procuraduría — Law 8204, annotated text Costa Rica ICD — institutional history and Gazette publication date 1 unchanged

romania-penal-code-2014 articles/romania-penal-code-2014.md

text

On 1 February 2014 a new Penal Code took effect in Romania, and the drug law was amended to match it. The change did not decriminalise anything. It cut the sentence for a person caught withFor cannabis and other risk drugs for their own use, it reduced the minimum prison term from six months to three months while retaining the two-year maximum and added the existing option of a fine. ## Before and after | | Before 2014 | From 2014 | |---|---|---| | Possession for personal Personal-use | prisonpossession of tworisk drugs, including cannabis | six months to fivetwo years in prison, or a fine | three months to two years in prison, or a fine | Community service can replace or accompany either | Personal-use possession of high-risk drugs | two to five years in prison | six months to three years in prison | The [2005 amendment](/history/romania-personal-use-penalty-reduction-2005/) had already introduced the fine alternative for risk drugs. The original 2000 law had prescribed two to five years for personal-use offences without this distinction. A report circulated by the International Drug Policy Consortium at the end of that year described broad reductions in drug penalties. Its account of the old regime through examples: up to three years for a jointdoes not distinguish the earlier cannabis penalty as precisely as the historical statute, two to five years forwhich already allowed a dose of heroinfine from 2005. Dealing had carried ten to twenty years and international trafficking fifteen to twenty-five. The same report stresses what the reform did not do. The fine is a criminal penalty and … ession of up to three grams was rejected in 2023 by every committee that examined it. ## Why the index movedTwo separate reductions The index moved [Romania2005 amendment](/countryhistory/roromania-personal-use-penalty-reduction-2005/) from 9 to 11 withreduced the cannabis penalty and introduced a fine alternative. The [2014 codereform](/history/romania-penal-code-2014/) further reduced the minimum prison term. Only enforcement changed, from 1 to 2, because a fine or community service became aNeither reform made personal possession lawful outcome where the old law set two to five years. Possession stays at 1: it is still a crime that ends in a criminal record.

sources

Romanian Ministry of Justice — Law 143/2000 as at 7 March 2005, Article 4 Romanian Ministry of Justice — Law 143/2000, March 2014 republication, Article 4 2 unchanged

Code, design and documents 20 files

docs/DATA-MAINTENANCE.md +38 −0
@@ -41,4 +41,5 @@ driving rules, access for visitors and arrest figures (see "Driving, visitors an
 | `scripts/history-batch.cjs` | Applies a batch of history edits from a JSON file (see below) |
 | `scripts/data-status.cjs` | Counts; lists of what is unchecked, estimated, thin or weakly sourced; which profiles have a seeds-and-clones section; and a check of every country's score timeline |
+| `scripts/score-triage.cjs` | Context entries whose category says the law changed (ban, tightening, easing, …): each still to be scored or marked `unscored` (see "The score timeline must make sense") |
 
 Run everything from the project root. `npm run build` validates all data; run it after every
@@ -411,4 +412,14 @@ node scripts/data-status.cjs chain de     # one country's full timeline
 - **Every real change moves it; nothing else does.** If the law or the practice changed, the
   entry is scored. Debates, failed bills, reports and announcements are context entries.
+  A context entry filed as a ban, tightening, death, easing, legalisation or medical law needs a
+  reason: give it `unscored: <one line>` (re-enacted the same penalties, never enforced, one
+  region only, too small to move a whole point, …) or score it. The number of entries never moves
+  a score by itself: a well-researched country must not drift away from an equal one that is not.
+
+  ```bash
+  npm run scores:triage              # countries with open entries, fewest scored steps first
+  npm run scores:triage -- de        # one country: scored steps and open entries in order
+  npm run scores:triage -- batch 5   # the next five countries' timelines, for a review batch
+  ```
 - **Inserting an event in the middle re-bases its neighbours.** A new scored event between two
   existing ones takes its "after" from the next event's `before`; choose its own `before` so the
@@ -1147,2 +1158,29 @@ notices. The original wording corrects a sale/use translation ambiguity and a
 printed-page citation. Reported order dates are distinguished from commencement;
 neither entry implies cannabis-wide legalization. No scores changed.
+
+The first [score-triage](../scripts/score-triage.cjs) batch on 20 October 2026 reviewed the six
+profiles with no scored steps. New steps: Hong Kong's 1928 Indian-hemp ban (the first ban, from
+the unregulated state), Macau's 2016 personal-use penalties (enforcement 3 → 2), Abkhazia's 2020
+death penalty for large-scale dealing (enforcement 2 → 1, as for Oman and Vietnam), and the Isle
+of Man's 2022 pharmacy pilot and 2024 opening to all pharmacies (access 0 → 1 → 2). Guernsey gained
+two entries: the 2019 rescheduling, which no Bailiwick specialist used, and the 2020 import and
+GP-prescribing changes (access 0 → 2). Eleven entries got `unscored` reasons, including every
+French Polynesia medical or hemp step, since no medicine is available there yet. Current scores
+did not change. The build passed (3,319 pages).
+
+French Polynesia, left with no scored step by the first batch, got an estimated first restriction
+(`pf-first-restriction-estimate`) so that it has a timeline; its first instrument was not found.
+
+The second score-triage batch, on 20 October 2026, covered India, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and
+Lesotho. New steps: India's 2001 NDPS amendment (possession 0 → 1: before it, any amount of ganja
+carried up to five years' rigorous imprisonment, per the original section 20 as quoted by the
+Supreme Court); Türkiye's 2006 treatment-and-probation reform (enforcement 1 → 2); Saudi Arabia's
+1987 death penalty for smuggling (enforcement 1 → 0, as for other death-penalty laws); Lebanon's
+1946 cultivation ban (cultivation 2 → 1); Basutoland's 1945 order to destroy cannabis (cultivation
+2 → 1) and 1951 penalties (enforcement 3 → 2). Forty-five entries got `unscored` reasons: India's
+provincial excise measures and state bans (the federation rule), the Ottoman orders (Turkish
+scholarship finds esrar was sold freely until 1933), Saudi executions under the existing law, and
+commercial or export-only licensing in Lebanon and Lesotho. India's Act XII of 1896 stays open:
+read the act to see whether it applied to all of British India before scoring it. Türkiye's 2014
+rewrite of Penal Code Article 191 (two to five years, with compulsory deferral of prosecution) is
+not yet in the history. Current scores did not change.

docs/research/articles-colonial-controls-2026-10-20.md +62 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Articles: three early colonial cannabis controls
+
+Added articles for three existing, highly ranked backlog entries:
+
+- `nigeria-dangerous-drugs-ordinance-1927`: 382 words, distinguishing the
+  treaty-driven ordinance from later policing campaigns and official claims
+  about the absence of a drug problem.
+- `kenya-ban-1914`: 409 words, distinguishing the Hague opium framework from
+  a cannabis treaty obligation, and the 1908 request from the later restriction.
+- `guyana-licensing-1861`: 414 words, describing licensed sales without
+  expanding that evidence into a blanket possession or consumption ban.
+
+## Sources actually examined
+
+Used the local EPUB of *Cannabis: Global Histories*, edited by Lucas Richert
+and James H. Mills (MIT Press, 2021). The title and copyright-page extraction
+identifies paperback ISBN 9780262045209; no separate ebook ISBN is asserted.
+Public citations identify chapter sections rather than an unverified mapping
+from EPUB locations to print pages.
+
+Read the relevant extracts and checked the central legal passages against the
+original EPUB XHTML:
+
+- Gernot Klantschnig, chapter 10, “Cannabis Use in West Africa Before 1960,”
+  especially the 1927/1935 ordinances, international templates, official
+  reporting and subsequent policing.
+- Neil Carrier, chapter 14, “Quasilegality and Cannabis in Africa,” especially
+  the 1914 ordinance, the Hague convention, Ainsworth's request and notes 16–18.
+- Jamie Banks, chapter 3, introduction and “Dr. Grieve + Dr. Seccombe = ??,”
+  especially the 1861 licensing discussion and notes 52–55. The interpretation
+  of the ordinance as anticipatory is attributed through Banks to Hanoomansingh.
+
+This was a targeted rereading, not a new claim to have read all three chapters
+or their underlying archives. The existing research notes document earlier
+whole-chapter reading of Klantschnig and Carrier.
+
+The original Nigerian ordinance, Kenyan gazette notices, Guianese ordinance,
+archival correspondence and Hanoomansingh dissertation were not independently
+examined in this pass. The articles do not infer new offence details, penalties,
+prevalence estimates or enforcement rates from those unexamined sources.
+Colonial medical and criminality claims are attributed rather than adopted.
+
+Web searches supplied additional leads. Google Books retrieval of the Kenyan
+gazette and retrieval of Banks's later LSHTM-hosted article failed in the web
+reader. Neither was added as an examined source. Searches about Soviet and
+Thai controls were not used for these articles. No claims were taken solely
+from search summaries.
+
+## Scope and validation
+
+No history records, country profiles or numerical scores were edited. Existing
+working changes in other articles, changes.yaml and the earlier history
+research note were preserved. No book text or images were copied to public
+assets.
+
+All three article names match existing events. YAML front matter, source
+metadata, 350–500-word lengths and every internal country/history link passed
+local checks. Production build passed: 3,278 pages in 33.54 seconds. The generated
+HTML for all three pages contains the new article sections, chapter citation
+and writing date. `git diff --check` passed. Article coverage rises from 547
+to 550 existing events; the page count stays the same because these events
+already had history pages.

docs/research/history-1980s-2000s-2026-10-17.md +731 −0
@@ -1033,2 +1033,733 @@ related targets exist. France's mechanical chain reports zero flagged steps.
 All four affected generated pages render their source links. Whitespace checks
 pass. Totals: 2,490 checked, 12 unchecked and 48 estimated first bans.
+
+## Twenty-fourth pass: Bolivia and Paraguay (18 October continuation)
+
+Two checked additions and one correction were saved:
+
+- **Bolivia, 3 March 2000:** [Constitutional Judgment 11/2000](https://jurisprudenciaconstitucional.com/resolucion/27566-sentencia-constitucional-0011-2000)
+  was read in a reproduction identified by its host as taken from the Tribunal's
+  site. Reasons III.1–III.4, IV.1 and the operative decision reject the challenge
+  to Law 1008's procedural provisions as modified by the sworn-bail law. The
+  applicant's claims of unconstitutional detention are distinguished from the
+  Tribunal's contrary holding. The record does not identify cannabis as the
+  substance in his case or assert a complete ban on provisional release.
+- **Paraguay, 24 June 2002:** [the signed original Law 1881](https://digestolegislativo.gov.py/ups/leyes/9278%20.pdf)
+  supplies international assistance and special investigation provisions. Added
+  Articles 72–73 and 82–83 establish evidence cooperation and judicially
+  authorised, time-limited undercover operations with prosecutors involved.
+  The final page was rendered and visually read to verify the handwritten
+  promulgation date. This is not a new possession offence or quantity change.
+- **Bolivia, 1988 correction:** [the government-hosted Law 1008 text](https://www.dgsc.gob.bo/normativa/leyes/1008.html),
+  Articles 37, 48–49, annex List I and final promulgation formula, replaces
+  Wikipedia and the generic account. The date is 19 July promulgation. Two
+  public-institution specialists assessed immediate-use quantities; this is
+  not a fixed gram allowance. Compulsory treatment through rehabilitation
+  is distinguished from lawful cannabis use. The trafficking range and
+  cannabis/resin listing are retained with precise statutory support.
+
+The congressional BACN text of Law 1881 was initially readable but later timed
+out along with its download. The Senate Legislative Digest's separate original
+PDF resolved the date: its page title says 24 June 2002, while structured fields
+incorrectly give 2003 dates. The signed document, not those fields, controls.
+The original also records the partial veto and final legislative confirmation
+on 6 June 2002, which are distinct from promulgation. No unverified claim about
+the vetoed provisions was inserted. Paraguay's 1988 exemption and Ecuador's
+already-recorded 2008 pardon were inspected for duplication but not changed.
+
+New entries remain unscored: one preserves existing procedural rules and the
+other introduces investigative tools within prohibition without a newly
+established score threshold. All prior before values, profiles, articles and
+staged/source-archive work are preserved. There is no standalone article for
+the corrected Bolivian event. Mechanical chains have no flagged steps for
+either country, although Bolivia's estimated first restriction and later
+historical scoring need further reconstruction. The broader goal remains active.
+
+Twenty-fourth-pass validation: build passed (3,242 pages). Baseline comparison
+confirms exactly two checked additions and one correction, with all prior
+before scores and unrelated entries preserved. All 2,552 IDs are unique and
+related targets exist. All three affected generated pages render their cited
+source links. Whitespace checks pass. Totals: 2,492 checked, 12 unchecked and
+48 estimated first bans.
+
+## Twenty-fifth pass: Colombia (18 October continuation)
+
+Two checked additions and two corrections were saved:
+
+- **31 December 1986:** [Decree 3788](https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=32793),
+  Article 4, applies the trafficking provision to quantities within the
+  personal-dose threshold when held for distribution or sale. Article 60 and
+  the publication note establish commencement that day. This implements the
+  existing purpose distinction in Law 30, rather than creating a new threshold.
+- **18 November 2008:** [the original opening and facts of cassation 29183,
+  reproduced by vLex](https://vlex.com.co/vid/691873321), establish the date and
+  29.9 grams. The freely accessible excerpt ends during the defence's arguments;
+  its outcome is instead verified in the Constitutional Court's own
+  [C-491/12, section 19.2](https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2012/C-491-12.htm).
+  That later judgment describes the acquittal and quotes the absence of
+  distribution, sale or harm to protected interests. This is a case-specific
+  personal-use ruling, not a general 29.9-gram allowance.
+- **1986 statute correction:** [Law 30](https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=2774),
+  Articles 2(j), 51 and 101, replace the secondary sources. The original
+  personal-dose sanctions distinguish first offences, repetition within twelve
+  months and dependence treatment. The retained 31 January date is sanction
+  and commencement under Article 101. The host's inconsistent final Gazette
+  note is not used to establish that date. Its annotation records Article 51's
+  later invalidation in C-221/94.
+- **2009 amendment correction:** [Legislative Act 02](https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=38289),
+  Articles 1–2 and the publication note establish 21 December commencement,
+  the prescription exception and informed-consent requirement. C-491/12 verifies
+  the subsequent interpretation excluding exclusively personal-use possession
+  from the criminal offence.
+
+The MamaCoca index quoted the original facts and linked the full 2008 judgment,
+whose PDF returned empty responses. Its wording suggested inconsistent rounded
+quantities; the readable original facts resolve this as 29.9 grams. Neither the
+unread full PDF nor search snippets are relied on as verification. Chile's
+already-recorded 1985 and 2008 material was considered for duplication; no new
+Chilean entry is claimed in this batch.
+
+Both additions remain unscored. Colombia's mechanical chain has zero flagged
+steps; no existing before values, profiles, articles or source-archive work
+were changed. The broader historical research remains incomplete.
+
+Twenty-fifth-pass validation: build passed (3,244 pages). Baseline comparison
+confirms exactly two checked additions and two corrections, with all prior
+before values and unrelated entries preserved. All 2,554 IDs are unique and
+related targets exist. All four affected generated pages render their source
+links. Whitespace checks pass. Totals: 2,494 checked, 12 unchecked and
+48 estimated first bans.
+
+## Twenty-sixth pass: Uruguay and Costa Rica (18 October continuation)
+
+One checked addition and one correction were saved:
+
+- **Uruguay, 7 June 2000:** [original Decree 170/000](https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/decretos-originales/170-2000)
+  was read in full. Articles 1–3 reorganise the Drugs Board and Secretariat,
+  combine prevention and treatment with enforcement responsibilities and assign
+  multilateral drug relations to the board. The entry explicitly uses
+  promulgation; publication was 14 June. It adds institutional context without
+  a score transition or a claim of legal cannabis supply.
+- **Costa Rica, 11 January 2002 correction:** [Law 8204's annotated official text](https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/VIGENTE/L/2000-2009/2000-2004/2001/BD08/F2790.HTML)
+  verifies Articles 58 and 79 and commencement on publication. Later-amended
+  provisions were not projected backward. [ICD's institutional history](https://icd.go.cr/portalicd/index.php?Itemid=812)
+  distinguishes signature from Gazette publication. Its [2020 budget, page 2](https://www.icd.go.cr/portalicd/images/docs/icd/presupuesto/2020/Presupuesto_Extraordinario_02_2020_APROBADO_POR_CGR.pdf)
+  independently confirms the latter date. The existing ID and scores are
+  retained. The linked article's opening and sources were corrected while
+  preserving its authorship metadata and remaining text. TNI remains the
+  source for the comparison with the preceding fines regime.
+
+The 1988 Costa Rican entry remains unchanged: the original historical version
+was not retrieved, and search-result references to its day-fines were not
+accepted as a substitute. Uruguay's 2004 seed-rule Article 25 and 2005
+confiscation provisions also remain pending because their full relevant
+texts could not be read. No claims about those provisions were added.
+
+Both countries' mechanical score chains report zero flagged steps. Existing
+before values, unrelated records and source-archive work are preserved. The
+broader 1980s/2000s research remains incomplete.
+
+Twenty-sixth-pass validation: build passed (3,245 pages). Baseline comparison
+confirms exactly one checked addition and one correction; all prior before
+values and unrelated entries remain unchanged. All 2,555 IDs are unique and
+related targets exist. Both affected generated pages render their source links,
+and the linked article renders the corrected effective date. Whitespace checks
+pass. Totals: 2,495 checked, 12 unchecked and 48 estimated first bans.
+
+## Twenty-seventh pass: Slovenia's missing 2000s framework (18 October continuation)
+
+Four checked additions were saved from original legal texts:
+
+- **11 January 2000:** [ZPPPD's original Gazette text](https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/23256/),
+  Articles 9, 33 and 43, establishes agricultural permits and differentiated
+  possession sanctions. The date is calculated from the fifteen-day clause
+  and 27 December publication. The original short imprisonment alternatives
+  are retained explicitly as historical sanctions, avoiding a claim that the
+  original minor-offence regime was fine-only or that these remain today's
+  penalties. No unsupported comparison with the preceding Yugoslav law is made.
+- **29 April 2004:** [original hemp-permit rules](https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2004-01-2010),
+  Articles 2–4, 9 and 12–14, establish listed varieties, 0.2 percent dry-matter
+  THC, the minimum contiguous area and monitoring. Commencement is the day
+  after Gazette publication. This is agricultural regulation, without a
+  claim of first-ever permission or recreational cultivation rights.
+- **24 March 2005:** [the published constitutional decision](https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2005-01-1290/odlocba-da-stirinajsti-odstavek-126--clena-196-in-197--clen-kazenskega-zakonika-ter-drugi-odstavek-2--clena-zakona-o-proizvodnji-in-prometu-s-prepovedanimi-drogami-niso-v-neskladju-z-ustavo),
+  operative points 1–3 and reasons 18–25, distinguishes the upheld provisions,
+  rejection of the scheduling challenge and dismissal of other challenges.
+  The decision date is distinguished from 11 April publication. Consumption
+  itself is not described as a criminal offence.
+- **25 September 2007:** [the freely readable original amendment reproduced
+  by Tax-Fin-Lex](https://www.tax-fin-lex.si/dokument/podrobnosti/ae_95cf6499-de73-4a3d-a90a-68ab52f41c0c),
… 575 more lines
docs/research/history-argentina-2026-10-20.md +46 −0
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+# Argentina possession and cannabis controls — 20 October 2026
+
+Added a 1926 article and two unscored events for the 1968 regulatory law and
+1977 cannabis cultivation prohibition. Clarified the existing 1926 event's
+scope and added the official register and historical research to its sources.
+
+## Evidence and limits
+
+- Read the official Law 11,331 register, which reproduces the added clause in
+  its summary and gives sanction on 16 July and publication on 13 August 1926.
+  A complete original gazette scan was not inspected; the clause is attributed
+  to the official reproduction rather than described as a recovered scan.
+- Read Corda's 2018 book, Chapter 1, printed pp. 12–13, and its publication
+  metadata. It distinguishes early administrative references to Indian hemp
+  from the disputed cannabis coverage of criminal-law terminology. The article
+  does not claim that no cannabis controls existed before 1968 or 1977.
+- Read the official Law 17,818 text at Articles 1–3 and its annexed cannabis
+  entry, and the adoption/publication metadata. Although labelled original by
+  the portal, the displayed text contains later monetary provisions. These were
+  not used to infer 1968 fine amounts or historical penalties. Nor were later
+  additions to other parts of the list backdated. The event records adoption,
+  not an inferred commencement day.
+- Read the complete three-article Law 21,671 on the official portal. Adoption
+  and publication are separate, and no prison penalty is invented from this
+  instrument alone. The portal labels its issuing institution as Congress,
+  but the actual text says the president sanctioned and promulgated it under
+  the military government's statute; the entry attributes it to the government.
+- Left the 1924 entry unchanged: the different sentencing bands in that law
+  warrant original-text verification before revising its existing summary.
+- The existing 1926 score vector is preserved without fresh validation. Its
+  cannabis-specific scope remains uncertain; new events omit `before` rather
+  than reconstruct historical enforcement or score dimensions from these texts.
+
+## Verification
+
+Baseline: `tmp/history-argentina-2026-10-20/changes-before.yaml` (ignored).
+Compare all prior records except the intended 1926 description/source addition,
+preserve score vectors, check article metadata, word count, IDs and links, build
+and inspect generated event pages and exported dates.
+
+Results: all 2,625 earlier records retained except the intended 1926 account and
+source addition, with every score vector unchanged. Article checks passed:
+399 words, three sources and valid internal event links. Production build passed
+(3,317 pages, 22.39 seconds). Three generated event pages, article rendering,
+source links and exported dates verified. Staged and unstaged whitespace checks
+passed. Totals: 2,627 events and 568 articles.

docs/research/history-ceylon-2026-10-20.md +40 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Ceylon licensing and prohibition — 20 October 2026
+
+Added three unscored events (1910 assent, 1929 enactment, 1936 commencement) and
+a 1910 article. Updated the 1867 and 1935 accounts and added a primary repeal-
+schedule source to the existing 1905 event.
+
+## Evidence and dating
+
+- Downloaded the original gazette No. 6,386, Part II, 17 June 1910, from Sri Lanka's
+  National Library. Read sections 1–2 and 24–26, the assent record and surrounding
+  provisions. Rendered and visually inspected PDF pages 17–18 (printed 305–306),
+  confirming the possession/supply rule, poisons-license exception and proof
+  provision. Ignored local copy: `tmp/pdfs/ceylon-2026-10-20/`.
+- Council passage, assent and gazette publication are distinct. Section 1 requires
+  proclamation and permits different dates for provisions. No original
+  commencement proclamation for the cannabis provisions was found in this batch.
+- Read the NDDCB handbook, Appendix 7, printed pp. 97–98. It distinguishes 1929
+  passage, non-proclamation, 1935 amendment and 1936 operation. The reproduced
+  1956 statutory edition supplies 1 January 1936, but contains later amendments;
+  its entire operative text was not backdated to commencement.
+- Read C. G. Uragoda's article, especially pp. 71–74, for the earlier licensing
+  system and political context. The original 1867 ordinance was not obtained.
+  The committee date of 13 November is not treated as assent or commencement.
+- The 1912 gazette repeal schedule identifies the title and number of the 1905
+  ordinance. This strengthens the existing event without claiming that its full
+  text or all exemptions have been recovered. An accidentally duplicated 1905
+  entry was removed after the ID validation caught it, before building.
+- Earlier independent work already covers 1878, 1893, 1897 and 1899; these records
+  were retained. No score vectors were changed or newly assigned.
+
+## Verification
+
+Baseline: `tmp/history-ceylon-2026-10-20/changes-before.yaml` (ignored). All 2,621
+prior records compared, with only the two intended account/source corrections
+and one source addition. All score vectors and unrelated records match.
+Article metadata, links and length passed (396 words, three sources).
+
+Production build passed (3,314 pages in 22.57 seconds). Five event pages,
+article rendering, source links and exported dates were verified. Staged and
+unstaged whitespace checks passed. Totals: 2,624 events and 565 articles.

docs/research/history-channel-islands-2026-10-20.md +37 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Channel Islands history — 20 October 2026
+
+Added four unscored events and an article on Jersey's 2019 medical framework.
+The existing records are preserved. Baseline is saved at
+`tmp/history-channel-islands-2026-10-20/changes-before.yaml` (ignored).
+
+## Sources and dating
+
+- Read the original enacted R&O 147/2018 on Jersey Legal Information Board,
+  including Article 4's sequencing. Used the ministerial decision for the earlier
+  Assembly decision and the minister's published comments for his prior position.
+  No division counts are asserted: the minutes PDF was not accessible directly.
+- Read the Jersey scrutiny report's original PDF, targeted to printed pp. 20–21
+  and 100–101. The Chief Pharmacist's retrospective account supports a month for
+  first local prescribing, without inventing a day or a first patient.
+- The Guernsey memorandum entry is explicitly based on the neighbouring
+  legislature's account. The memorandum itself was not obtained. The record is
+  limited to the agreement's verified month and purpose, not its full terms.
+- Guernsey's main government page and legal portal did not yield the original
+  historical medical instruments during this research. The wider 2018/2021
+  patient-access history remains a research gap, rather than being inferred from
+  secondary headlines or transplanted from Jersey's laws.
+- Inspected a Guernsey 2025 parliamentary answer as a lead; no event from it was
+  added because that would not resolve the earlier commencement dates.
+- All new records omit `before`: these sources do not establish score vectors.
+
+## Validation
+
+Check unique IDs, article metadata, word count and internal links, compare every
+existing record against the baseline, run the production build, then inspect the
+four generated event pages, article body and exported dates.
+
+Results: all 2,612 existing records matched the baseline exactly. Article checks
+passed (404 words, four sources, valid event links). Production build passed:
+3,306 pages in 22.94 seconds. Four event pages, article rendering, source links
+and exported dates were verified. Staged and unstaged whitespace checks passed.
+Totals: 2,616 events and 562 articles.

docs/research/history-denmark-parliament-2026-10-20.md +75 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Danish parliamentary history, 1969–1971
+
+Added three checked, unscored events and an article for the committee's cannabis
+recommendations. This continues the broader history-coverage objective.
+
+## Sources actually examined
+
+Downloaded original parliamentary PDFs with curl after plain urllib requests
+returned 403 and the web reader failed to decode or retrieve some PDFs.
+Extracts and page renders remain in ignored `tmp/pdfs/denmark-1969/`.
+
+- **29 May 1969 committee report:** read the report proper, printed columns
+  2641–2648 (PDF pp. 1–4), including cannabis discussions at 2646–2647 and the
+  distinction between the new supply offence and ordinary drug-law cases.
+  Visually inspected PDF pp. 3–4 for the cannabis paragraphs. Read the attached
+  draft prosecutorial circular selectively for context, without representing
+  the draft as the independently verified final July circular.
+- **L 133 as adopted:** read the complete one-page final bill, columns
+  1353–1354, and visually inspected it. It supplies the original section 191
+  elements, six-year maximum, review clause, Faroese exclusion and annotation
+  identifying Law 276 of 18 June 1969. It says commencement occurs upon
+  publication, rather than supplying a calendar day on its face.
+- **L 72 as introduced, 1 December 1970:** read the opening remarks at columns
+  1617–1619 and the relevant discussion at 1625–1626. Visually inspected PDF p. 5,
+  where column 1626 explicitly confirms the 1969 supply law took effect on
+  **1 July 1969**. Not all medical annexes were read, and the dated medical
+  opinions were not treated as current scientific findings.
+- **L 72 as adopted:** read and visually inspected the complete one-page text,
+  columns 1117–1118. The two repeal provisions remove review clauses, not drug
+  offences. Its annotation identifies Law 296 of **9 June 1971**. This is the
+  law date used by the entry; separate commencement was not established.
+- Opened the official parliamentary summaries and chronology for L 133, L 121
+  and L 72 as supporting metadata. Original PDFs supply the operative claims.
+
+## Applied
+
+- `denmark-cannabis-research-recommendation-1969`, **29 May 1969**: committee
+  calls for research into cannabis and legal controls, and inquiry into
+  exempting personal-use conduct. This is neither legalisation nor an enacted
+  decriminalisation measure. Added a 350–500-word article grounded in the report.
+- `denmark-serious-drug-supply-1969`, **1 July 1969**: commencement of section 191.
+  Transfer circumstances and intent requirements are retained; the six-year
+  maximum is not applied to every possession case. Committee guidance about
+  serious commercial cannabis activity is distinguished from the statute's
+  offence wording. No fixed cannabis threshold was invented from the guidance.
+- `denmark-drug-review-clauses-repealed-1971`, **9 June 1971 law date**: removal
+  of mandatory review requirements, preserving the distinction between the
+  government's stated policy and the narrow statutory repeal.
+
+New events are connected to each other and to the existing 1955 and July 1969
+entries. All earlier records, before vectors and current country profiles were
+preserved. These additions improve legal and debate coverage without asserting
+a newly quantified change in typical enforcement.
+
+## Limits and further leads
+
+The 1936 Danish opium-law lead remains open. The compilation pages found in
+search could not be retrieved in the web reader, and snippets were not used to
+create an event. The original 1969 amendment concerning convertible substances
+was not retrieved in this pass and was not separately added as a cannabis event.
+
+The broader Soviet score-timing question recorded in the previous research
+note remains unresolved. This Danish batch does not resolve or recertify it.
+
+## Validation
+
+Parsed baseline comparison verifies exactly three additions, with all earlier
+records unchanged. All 2,593 IDs are unique and related targets exist. All three
+new records are unscored. The article's YAML, word length and internal links
+passed checks; its body is 410 words. Production build passed: 3,283 pages in
+24.39 seconds. All three generated pages contain their parliamentary source
+links, and the committee page contains the new article. The generated history
+JSON contains all three new IDs and 2,593 events overall. Article coverage is
+553 events. Staged and unstaged whitespace checks passed. The broader
+history-coverage goal remains active.

docs/research/history-dutch-caribbean-2026-10-20.md +84 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Dutch Caribbean: prosecution policies and Curaçao's replacement ordinance
+
+Added four checked, unscored events and two articles, giving Aruba, Curaçao and
+Sint Maarten their first history coverage. The previous goal turn made verified
+progress; the broader history goal remains active.
+
+## Aruba: 11 February 2021
+
+Downloaded Guideline **7935/2021** from the Aruba government-hosted file and read
+the corresponding public prosecutor's official HTML page. The PDF and HTML
+agree on commencement, the Article 4 table and its exceptions. Visually inspected
+the PDF's final table/signature page (**p. 4**), as well as rendering the opening
+and general-principles pages for inspection.
+
+Applied the verified commencement, dismissal plus surrender in the 0–5 g
+soft-drug band, higher demands in the next band, role distinctions and exceptions
+for minors, repeat offending, other offences and specified circumstances. The
+article distinguishes a prosecutor's demand from a mandatory judicial sentence.
+No previous guideline was compared, so the entry does not claim this was the
+first small-quantity leniency or assign a newly quantified score step.
+
+Added `aruba-prosecution-guideline-2021` and a 385-word article.
+
+## Curaçao and Sint Maarten: 1 December 2018
+
+Downloaded **Richtlijn voor strafvordering 2018/01, Opium delicten**. Read its
+jurisdiction/commencement metadata and relevant general principles, the cannabis
+table (**p. 5**), and cultivation/transitional passages (**p. 6**). Visually
+inspected pp. 1 and 5, including the footnote to the table.
+
+The document expressly names both countries and the Caribbean Netherlands. It
+provides seizure and potentially conditional dismissal in the 0–25 g band,
+a fine demand up to NAF 500/USD 280 in the 25–50 g band, and reference to half
+the cocaine/heroin demand from 50 g. The printed table's adjoining bands share
+boundary labels; no extra exact-boundary interpretation is invented here.
+The footnote lists exceptions and p. 6 separately addresses prohibited cultivation.
+The July 2015 predecessor is expressly displaced; its substantive rules were
+not independently examined.
+
+Added `curacao-prosecution-guideline-2018` and
+`sint-maarten-prosecution-guideline-2018`, linked as the same regional measure.
+One 388-word article, under the Curaçao event, explains the shared policy and
+links to the Sint Maarten record. No duplicate article was created.
+
+## Curaçao: 6 July 2024
+
+Downloaded the original **Publicatieblad 2024 No. 74**, the replacement
+Opiumlandsverordening. Read relevant extracted text for Article 1's cannabis
+definition, Articles **2a, 3a and 4**, and final Articles **15–19**. Visually
+inspected the pages around cultivation and the final **p. 16**, which expressly
+records issue on **5 July** and next-day operation under Article 18. Thus
+**6 July 2024** is supported by the instrument's own publication and commencement
+terms rather than inferred from its filename or signature alone.
+
+Added `curacao-opium-ordinance-2024`, distinguishing replacement from first
+prohibition and preserving the cannabis restrictions and exception-making
+powers. The pass does not claim to identify every substantive difference from
+the previous ordinance or establish how courts applied the new framework.
+
+## Limits and deferred leads
+
+The original Sint Maarten 2019 cannabis-policy gazette download failed with an
+expired-certificate error; the alternate host supplied HTML rather than a PDF.
+Neither was used as verified evidence of enacted medical access. No security
+checks were disabled. Earlier 1960 Antillean-law and 1989 Aruban-amendment
+searches remain leads; current consolidations were not backdated as original
+enactments. The official 1960-law metadata supplied context, not a newly
+verified first-ban date.
+
+All four additions omit before vectors. No existing history event, score or
+country profile was edited. Existing profile sources helped locate documents
+but were reread rather than assumed verified. Downloads and renders remain in
+ignored `tmp/pdfs/dutch-caribbean-2026-10-20/`.
+
+## Validation
+
+Baseline comparison confirms exactly four additions with every earlier record
+identical. All 2,605 IDs are unique and related targets exist. Both articles have
+valid metadata and internal history links, and meet the 350–500-word range.
+Production build passed: 3,295 pages in 22.61 seconds. All four generated pages
+contain the expected source links and all four records appear in the history
+JSON. Both article pages render the new sections. Totals: 2,605 events and
+558 articles. Staged and unstaged whitespace checks passed. The broader goal
+remains active.

docs/research/history-gibraltar-2026-10-20.md +31 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Gibraltar history and article verification — 20 October 2026
+
+Added three unscored events and an article for the existing 2019 event. Sources
+are the original 2017/2019 instruments, the official 2021 Act and government
+announcements, linked in the event and article source blocks.
+
+## Dating and limits
+
+- Corrected the 2019 event from the press-release date to the gazette's express
+  commencement date. Its existing `before` vector is preserved; no other scored
+  event is changed.
+- Recorded 2021 assent, rather than inferring operation from enactment. Status
+  checked against the official text on the research date.
+- The 2023 announcement is evidence of a supply arrangement, with qualifications,
+  rather than proof of a first prescription or dispensing date.
+- The Isle of Man consultation was inspected as a possible next research lead;
+  no Manx events were added in this batch.
+
+## Verification
+
+Baseline: `tmp/history-gibraltar-2026-10-20/changes-before.yaml` (ignored).
+Compare all existing records except the intended 2019 date/source correction,
+all existing score vectors, IDs, article source metadata and internal links.
+Run the production build and check new event pages and the history JSON export.
+
+Results: all 2,605 pre-existing records retained, with only the intended 2019
+correction; all score vectors unchanged. The build passed (3,298 pages), and
+four generated event pages, the rendered article and exported date were checked.
+Whitespace checks passed for staged and unstaged changes. Totals: 2,608 events
+and 559 articles. Direct PDF downloads timed out; the official documents were
+read through the web tool's PDF extraction instead.
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