update history, add articles

Not shown: a picture, a generated file, or past the length shown per change.

@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ const t1 = time(lastUpdated);
 // one chart for each combination of period and weighting
 const RANGES = [
-  { id: "all", label: "All", startYear: 1900 }, // a few bans are older; they are already counted in the starting value
+  { id: "all", label: "All", startYear: 1860 }, // the handful of older bans are already counted in the starting value
   { id: "15y", label: "Last 15 years", startYear: endYear - 15 },
 ];
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ function view(range, weighting) {
   // at most about a dozen year labels, on round steps
   const span = endYear - startYear;
-  const step = span > 50 ? 10 : span > 20 ? 5 : span > 14 ? 2 : 1;
+  const step = span > 120 ? 20 : span > 50 ? 10 : span > 20 ? 5 : span > 14 ? 2 : 1;
   const years = Array.from({ length: span + 1 }, (_, i) => startYear + i)
     .filter((yr) => yr % step === 0)

@@ -227,5 +227,7 @@ function scoreAt(c, t) {
 // There is a point at every dated change, and one each New Year so that slow shifts (estimated
 // changes, and populations growing at different rates) show up as well.
-const CHART_FROM = 1900;
+// The chart starts in 1860, before the first colonial bans. Population figures begin in 1900, so
+// for earlier years the by-population average uses each country's 1900 population.
+const CHART_FROM = 1860;
 function averageOverTime(weight) {
   const at = (t) => {

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+---
+// Culture: the announcement page for the participatory research that is to sit beside the index.
+// The index maps laws; this is about the people and beliefs behind them. Nothing is collected
+// here yet: the page says what the project asks and shows where the history already touches it.
+import Base from "../layouts/Base.astro";
+import { changes } from "../lib/countries.js";
+
+const base = import.meta.env.BASE_URL;
+// What the project wants to understand, in the owner's own terms.
+const themes = [
+  ["Attitudes", "What people in a country actually think of cannabis and of those who use it, and how far that is from what the law says."],
+  ["Stigma", "Who is judged for using it, by whom, and what it costs them at work, in the family and in public."],
+  ["Traditions", "Where cannabis belongs to religion, medicine, farming or celebration, and what happened to those customs under prohibition."],
+  ["Obedience and authority", "Why people follow a law they do not believe in, and who they think has the right to decide."],
+  ["Resistance", "How people get around a ban, organise against it or simply ignore it, and what they risk."],
+  ["Generations", "What changed between grandparents, parents and children, and what did not."],
+];
+// Places where the history on this site already records culture meeting law. Each must exist.
+const threads = [
+  ["india-hemp-drugs-commission-1894", "An inquiry of 1,200 witnesses found the habit widespread, and advised against banning it partly because of “the social and religious feeling on the subject”."],
+  ["india-bhang-exemption-1961", "India kept bhang out of the world treaty so that it could go on being drunk at Holi."],
+  ["nepal-pashupati-distribution-ended-1995", "Until 1995 a temple trust in Kathmandu handed cannabis to holy men at Shivaratri, from the Home Ministry's confiscated stock."],
+  ["jamaica-ganja-reform-2015", "Jamaica wrote Rastafari sacramental use into its law."],
+  ["transvaal-mine-dagga-survey-1908", "Asked in 1908 whether dagga should be banned, the managers of the Transvaal gold mines mostly said no: use was moderate, and restrictions would keep men from coming to work."],
+  ["south-africa-enforcement-compromise-1922", "A month after South Africa banned dagga, police were told to go easy in remote African areas, where an older man's morning pipe was “a custom so deep-rooted as almost to amount to a religious rite”."],
+  ["mexico-salazar-marijuana-myth-1938", "A Mexican health official told the Academy of Medicine that the madness of marijuana was a myth, and ended by handing his colleagues cigarettes of it."],
+  ["afghanistan-hashish-fertiliser-edicts-1969", "With Western travellers buying, Afghanistan's king issued edicts urging farmers to use fertiliser and grow more hashish."],
+  ["south-africa-natal-1870", "One of the first cannabis laws anywhere applied to one group only: Indian labourers in Natal."],
+  ["brazil-rio-pango-ban-1830", "Rio de Janeiro's ban of 1830 named the slaves who smoked it."],
+  ["egypt-first-ban-1868", "Egypt's first ban has been read as a centralising state's wish to civilise its lower classes."],
+].map(([id, text]) => {
+  const ch = changes.find((x) => x.id === id);
+  if (!ch) throw new Error(`culture.astro: there is no history entry "${id}"`);
+  return { ch, text };
+}).sort((x, y) => x.ch.date.localeCompare(y.ch.date));
+---
+<Base title="Culture" description="Culture is a participatory anthropology project beside the Cannabis Freedom Index: how cannabis shapes, and is shaped by, society, through anonymous surveys, personal stories and community research.">
+  <main class="changes-page culture">
+    <section class="hero hero-sm">
+      <p class="eyebrow">Culture <span>in preparation</span></p>
+      <h1>The people behind the laws</h1>
+      <p class="lede">Culture is a participatory anthropology project exploring how cannabis shapes, and is shaped by, society. Through anonymous surveys, personal stories and community research, it examines cultural attitudes, stigma, traditions, obedience, authority and resistance across different countries and generations.</p>
+      <p class="lede">While the Freedom Index maps laws, Culture explores the people, beliefs and social forces behind them.</p>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section">
+      <div class="section-head"><div>
+        <h2>What it asks</h2>
+        <p class="sub">A score says what a person is allowed to do. It does not say what their neighbours think, what their grandmother grew, or why a law nobody respects is still obeyed.</p>
+      </div></div>
+      <dl class="culture-themes">
+        {themes.map(([name, text]) => <div><dt>{name}</dt><dd>{text}</dd></div>)}
+      </dl>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section">
+      <div class="section-head"><div>
+        <h2>How it will work</h2>
+        <p class="sub">Three kinds of material, gathered from the people who live with these laws. None of it is open yet; this page will say when it is.</p>
+      </div></div>
+      <dl class="culture-themes three">
+        <div><dt>Anonymous surveys</dt><dd>Short sets of questions, the same in every country, so that answers can be compared with each other and with the index.</dd></div>
+        <div><dt>Personal stories</dt><dd>Accounts in a person's own words: an arrest, a family argument, a harvest, a ritual.</dd></div>
+        <div><dt>Community research</dt><dd>Local knowledge that no statute records, collected and checked by people who know the place.</dd></div>
+      </dl>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section">
+      <div class="section-head"><div>
+        <h2>Where the history already touches it</h2>
+        <p class="sub">The index's <a href={`${base}history/`}>history</a> is a record of laws, but culture shows through it. A few of the places where it does:</p>
+      </div></div>
+      <ol class="culture-threads">
+        {threads.map(({ ch, text }) => (
+          <li>
+            <a href={`${base}history/${ch.id}/`}>
+              <time datetime={ch.date}>{ch.date.slice(0, 4)}</time>
+              <span>{ch.place.flag} {ch.place.name}</span>
+              <p>{text}</p>
+            </a>
+          </li>
+        ))}
+      </ol>
+    </section>
+  </main>
+</Base>

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+---
+// Every source the index cites, counted. Books first, then websites by domain: the ones cited
+// for several countries one by one, and the local ones (cited for a single country) grouped
+// under that country. The page is not in the menu.
+import Base from "../../layouts/Base.astro";
+import { getCollection } from "astro:content";
+import { places } from "../../lib/countries.js";
+
+const base = import.meta.env.BASE_URL;
+const num = (n) => n.toLocaleString("en-GB");
+const placeOf = new Map(places.map((c) => [c.slug, c]));
+
+// One citation = one source listed by one owner (a country profile, a history entry or an article).
+// `where` is the country it was cited for, or "" for international entries.
+const cites = [];
+for (const { id, data } of await getCollection("countries")) {
+  const slug = id.split("/")[0];
+  for (const s of Object.values(data.sources)) cites.push({ s, where: slug });
+  for (const s of data.subunits?.sources ?? []) cites.push({ s, where: slug });
+}
+const changes = (await getCollection("changes")).map((x) => x.data);
+const countryOfChange = new Map(changes.map((ch) => [ch.id, ch.country ?? ""]));
+for (const ch of changes) for (const s of ch.sources) cites.push({ s, where: ch.country ?? "" });
+for (const a of await getCollection("articles")) for (const s of a.data.sources) cites.push({ s, where: countryOfChange.get(a.id) ?? "" });
+
+// ── Books: anything with a container or typed as a book or chapter ──
+const isBook = (s) => s.type === "book" || s.type === "chapter" || Boolean(s.container);
+const books = new Map(); // book title → { meta, chapters: Map(chapter title → { authors, locator, n }), n }
+for (const { s } of cites.filter((x) => isBook(x.s))) {
+  const title = s.container ?? s.title;
+  const b = books.get(title) ?? { title, editors: s.editors, authors: s.container ? undefined : s.authors, publisher: s.publisher, year: s.year, isbn: s.isbn, chapters: new Map(), n: 0 };
+  b.n++;
+  if (s.container) {
+    const ch = b.chapters.get(s.title) ?? { title: s.title, authors: s.authors ?? [], page: Infinity, n: 0 };
+    ch.n++;
+    // citations give the pages they rely on, so the lowest one seen puts the chapters in book order
+    ch.page = Math.min(ch.page, parseInt((s.locator ?? "").replace(/\D+/, "")) || Infinity);
+    b.chapters.set(s.title, ch);
+  }
+  books.set(title, b);
+}
+const bookList = [...books.values()].sort((x, y) => y.n - x.n);
+
+// ── Websites, by domain ──
+const domainOf = (url) => new URL(url).hostname.replace(/^www\./, "");
+const domains = new Map(); // domain → { urls: Set, n, where: Map(slug → n) }
+for (const { s, where } of cites.filter((x) => !isBook(x.s) && x.s.url)) {
+  const d = domainOf(s.url);
+  const row = domains.get(d) ?? { domain: d, urls: new Set(), n: 0, where: new Map() };
+  row.urls.add(s.url);
+  row.n++;
+  row.where.set(where, (row.where.get(where) ?? 0) + 1);
+  domains.set(d, row);
+}
+const all = [...domains.values()];
+// local: cited for exactly one country and nothing international
+const isLocal = (r) => r.where.size === 1 && ![...r.where.keys()].includes("");
+const wide = all.filter((r) => !isLocal(r)).sort((x, y) => y.n - x.n || x.domain.localeCompare(y.domain));
+const local = new Map(); // slug → rows
+for (const r of all.filter(isLocal)) {
+  const slug = [...r.where.keys()][0];
+  local.set(slug, [...(local.get(slug) ?? []), r]);
+}
+const localRows = [...local]
+  .map(([slug, rows]) => ({ c: placeOf.get(slug), rows: rows.sort((x, y) => y.n - x.n || x.domain.localeCompare(y.domain)), n: rows.reduce((a, r) => a + r.n, 0) }))
+  .filter((x) => x.c)
+  .sort((x, y) => x.c.name.localeCompare(y.c.name));
+const urlCount = new Set(cites.filter((x) => x.s.url).map((x) => x.s.url)).size;
+const stats = [
+  [num(cites.length), "Citations"],
+  [num(urlCount), "Web pages cited"],
+  [num(all.length), "Websites"],
+  [num(wide.length), "Cited for several countries"],
+  [num(all.length - wide.length), "Local, for one country"],
+  [num(bookList.length), bookList.length === 1 ? "Book" : "Books"],
+];
+---
+<Base title="Sources" description={`The ${num(urlCount)} web pages and ${bookList.length} books cited by the Cannabis Freedom Index, counted by website and by country.`}>
+  <main class="changes-page sources-page">
+    <section class="hero hero-sm">
+      <p class="eyebrow">Sources</p>
+      <h1>What the index is built on</h1>
+      <p class="lede">Every score, explanation and history entry cites where it comes from. This page counts those sources: books first, then websites, with the local ones grouped under the country they were used for. A citation is one source listed once by a country profile, a history entry or an article.</p>
+    </section>
+
+    <dl class="hist-stats">
+      {stats.map(([n, label]) => <div><dt>{label}</dt><dd>{n}</dd></div>)}
+    </dl>
+
+    <section class="section" id="books">
+      <div class="section-head"><div>
+        <h2>Books</h2>
+        <p class="sub">Printed sources, with the chapters that are cited and how often.</p>
+      </div></div>
+      {bookList.map((b) => (
+        <div class="src-book">
+          <h3>{b.title}</h3>
+          <p class="src-meta">{[b.editors && `Edited by ${b.editors.join(" and ")}`, b.authors && b.authors.join(", "), b.publisher, b.year, b.isbn && `ISBN ${b.isbn}`].filter(Boolean).join(" · ")} <b>{b.n} {b.n === 1 ? "citation" : "citations"}</b></p>
+          {b.chapters.size > 0 && (
+            <table class="src-table">
+              <thead><tr><th>Chapter</th><th>Author</th><th class="num">Cited</th></tr></thead>
+              <tbody>
+                {[...b.chapters.values()].sort((x, y) => x.page - y.page).map((ch) => (
+                  <tr><td>{ch.title}</td><td>{ch.authors.join(", ")}</td><td class="num">{ch.n}</td></tr>
+                ))}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      ))}
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section" id="websites">
+      <div class="section-head"><div>
+        <h2>Websites cited for several countries</h2>
+        <p class="sub">{num(wide.length)} sites used for more than one country, or for international entries, most cited first.</p>
+      </div></div>
+      <table class="src-table">
+        <thead><tr><th>Website</th><th class="num">Pages</th><th class="num">Citations</th><th class="num">Countries</th></tr></thead>
+        <tbody>
+          {wide.map((r) => (
+            <tr><td><a href={`https://${r.domain}/`} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">{r.domain}</a></td><td class="num">{num(r.urls.size)}</td><td class="num">{num(r.n)}</td><td class="num">{[...r.where.keys()].filter(Boolean).length}</td></tr>
+          ))}
+        </tbody>
+      </table>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section" id="local">
+      <div class="section-head"><div>
+        <h2>Local sources, by country</h2>
+        <p class="sub">{num(all.length - wide.length)} sites cited for one country only: its laws, courts, ministries and press. The number after a site is how often it is cited.</p>
+      </div></div>
+      <table class="src-table src-local">
+        <thead><tr><th>Country</th><th>Websites</th><th class="num">Citations</th></tr></thead>
+        <tbody>
+          {localRows.map(({ c, rows, n }) => (
+            <tr>
+              <th scope="row"><a href={`${base}country/${c.slug}/`}>{c.flag} {c.name}</a></th>
+              <td>{rows.map((r, i) => <><a href={`https://${r.domain}/`} target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">{r.domain}</a>{r.n > 1 && <small> {r.n}</small>}{i < rows.length - 1 && <span class="sep"> · </span>}</>)}</td>
+              <td class="num">{n}</td>
+            </tr>
+          ))}
+        </tbody>
+      </table>
+    </section>
+  </main>
+</Base>

@@ -1242,2 +1242,37 @@ details.segrow .segrow-top > span, .segrow:not(details) .segrow-top > span { fon
 .numbers-grid dd a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 6px; }
 @media (max-width: 760px) { .numbers-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
+
+/* Culture: the announcement page. Themes as a ruled grid, history threads as a ledger. */
+.culture .hero .lede + .lede { margin-top: 14px; color: var(--text); }
+.culture-themes { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 clamp(24px, 4vw, 56px); margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--text); }
+.culture-themes div { padding: 16px 0 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
+.culture-themes dt { font: 400 26px/1.1 var(--display); }
+.culture-themes dd { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--text-2); font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 40ch; }
+.culture-threads { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--text); }
+.culture-threads a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 6ch 22ch 1fr; gap: 20px; align-items: baseline; padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
+.culture-threads time, .culture-threads span { font: 400 11.5px var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .05em; color: var(--muted); }
+.culture-threads p { margin: 0; font: 400 21px/1.25 var(--display); text-wrap: pretty; }
+.culture-threads a:hover p { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
+.culture .section-head .sub a { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
+@media (max-width: 760px) {
+  .culture-themes { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .culture-threads a { grid-template-columns: 6ch 1fr; }
+  .culture-threads p { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
+}
+
+/* Sources: flat ruled tables of what is cited */
+.src-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid var(--text); font-size: 14px; }
+.src-table th, .src-table td { padding: 9px 16px 9px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); text-align: left; vertical-align: top; }
+.src-table thead th { font: 400 10.5px var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--muted); cursor: default; }
+.src-table .num { text-align: right; padding-right: 0; font-family: var(--mono); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
+.src-table .mono { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 12.5px; white-space: nowrap; }
+.src-table td a:hover, .src-table th a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
+.src-table tbody th { font-weight: 400; white-space: nowrap; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 14px; color: var(--text); width: 22ch; }
+.src-local td { color: var(--text-2); line-height: 1.7; }
+.src-local td small { font: 400 10.5px var(--mono); color: var(--muted); }
+.src-local .sep { color: var(--border); }
+.src-book + .src-book { margin-top: 40px; }
+.src-book h3 { font: 400 30px/1.1 var(--display); margin: 0; }
+.src-meta { margin: 8px 0 16px; color: var(--text-2); font-size: 13.5px; }
+.src-meta b { font: 400 10.5px var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--muted); margin-left: 10px; }
+.sources-page .hist-stats { margin-top: 8px; }