Cannabis Freedom Index

Datasets Law · not part of the score

Offences for cannabis use or possession

European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA) · 2007 to 2024

How often the police record someone for using or carrying cannabis is the plainest measure of how a law is enforced. The European Union Drugs Agency publishes these offences for cannabis alone, separate from dealing and growing for sale.[1] Per 100,000 people, Spain records the most, about 596 in 2024, followed by Belgium and Austria; Malta, which legalised in 2021, records almost none. In Spain, having or using drugs in public is punished with a fine of at least €601 under its public safety law of 2015, not as a crime.

An offence is not a conviction, and countries count offences or offenders and define them differently, so a country is best compared with itself over time.[1] The chart of who is punished follows the series, and each profile’s arrests and prisoners section explains what an offence leads to there. Outside Europe, the nearest figure is UNODC’s police contact for drug possession.

Published by
EUDA — Statistical Bulletin 2026, drug law offences, cannabis, use (table DLO-03-2-0)
Data
table DLO-03-2-0, spreadsheet
File here
euda-cannabis-use-offences.csv
See also
The interactive map · The chart · The files and their checksums
of 220 places covered
23
years in the file
2007–2024
the median country
74
places with several years
23

Cannabis offences (Europe), on the map

The stronger the blue, the more cannabis use or possession offences per 100,000 people. Countries count differently; those without a report since 2020 are hatched. Select a country for its profile.

Under 1010–5050–100100–250250 or moreNo cannabis-use offences reported to the EUDA since 2020

EUDA Statistical Bulletin 2026, table DLO-03-2-0: cannabis use offences, latest year since 2020, per 100,000 people. Not part of the score.

Highest · Cannabis offences (Europe)

  1. Spain5962024
  2. Belgium2872024
  3. Austria2142023

Lowest · Cannabis offences (Europe)

  1. Malta0.22024
  2. Slovakia4.32024
  3. Lithuania242024

Country by country

Each place's latest figure, as on its profile. Select a heading to sort.

Further figures
AustriaEurope214per 100,000 people19,672 offences in 2023 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2023
BelgiumEurope287per 100,000 people34,294 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
BulgariaEurope54per 100,000 people3,465 offences in 2014 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2014
CroatiaEurope152per 100,000 people5,874 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
CyprusEurope44per 100,000 people602 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
CzechiaEurope71per 100,000 people7,688 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
FranceEurope178per 100,000 people122,439 offences in 2010 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2010
GermanyEurope74per 100,000 people61,670 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
GreeceEurope80per 100,000 people8,359 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
HungaryEurope34per 100,000 people3,266 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
ItalyEurope47per 100,000 people27,503 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
LatviaEurope10per 100,000 people187 offences in 2016 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2016
LithuaniaEurope24per 100,000 people682 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
LuxembourgEurope128per 100,000 people880 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
MaltaEurope0.2per 100,000 people1 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
NetherlandsEurope13per 100,000 people2,413 offences in 2008 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2008
PolandEurope112per 100,000 people40,949 offences in 2012 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2012
PortugalEurope61per 100,000 people6,637 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
SlovakiaEurope4.3per 100,000 people235 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
SloveniaEurope128per 100,000 people2,733 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
SpainEurope596per 100,000 people294,071 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
TürkiyeAsia98per 100,000 people83,744 offences in 2024 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2024
United KingdomEurope49per 100,000 people34,285 offences in 2017 · cannabis only · use or possession, not dealing2017

What is counted, and how the file was made

Offences of using cannabis or possessing it for one's own use that the police record each year, as European countries report them to the EUDA ("drug law offences, cannabis, use"): cannabis alone, unlike UNODC's figures for all drugs, and not offences of supply such as dealing, trafficking or growing for sale. An offence is not a conviction: depending on the country it may end in a fine, a caution, a referral to treatment or a criminal case. Countries record offences or offenders, and define them, in different ways, so compare a country with itself over time rather than with its neighbours. The EUDA notes that Slovenia counted only use-related offences in 2023, that Portugal's figures for 2017 to 2021 lack one police force, and that Greece's include all cannabis products since 2018. Shown per 100,000 people using today's population.

The EUDA's site refuses scripted downloads, so the table was read in a browser on 21 October 2026 from its data service (the XML behind the table) and saved unchanged; its SHA-256 was checked against the browser's copy. scripts/extract-euda.py (cannabis_offences) turns it into one row per country and year with a figure.

The file belongs to EUDA and keeps its terms; cite the publisher when you use it.

References

  1. EUDA — European Drug Report statistical bulletin 2026, drug law offences (DLO-03-2-0)

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