Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog d4af41ftree

Afghanistan: rebuild penalties on the 2026 Penal Code, add 16 history entries

Replace the 2010 law's scales with the 2026 Penal Code for Courts: article 94 cultivation by area, article 101 sale and possession by hashish weight, articles 95 and 99 transport and import, and article 102 use at six months. Remove the unsupported life and death claims, mark the 50 g addiction exemption as legacy, and add the 2025–2026 enforcement figures and 16 entries from 1992 to 2026.

16 history entries added1 score changed1 file of code, design or docs +527 −48 lines

Score changes 1 place

  1. Afghanistan1NaN−NaNpossession 0 → [object Object]cultivation 0 → [object Object]sharing 0 → [object Object]consumption 1 → [object Object]

History changes.yaml

Added 16

Countries and states 1 file

Afghanistan countries/af.yaml

possession 0 → [object Object]cultivation 0 → [object Object]sharing 0 → [object Object]consumption 1 → [object Object]

summary

The TalibanCannabis is banned cannabis cultivation in March 2023, and sharia courts punish users and traffickers with prison and flogging. The last codified drug lawthe Taliban's 2026 Penal Code for Courts sets fixed terms of six months to seven years for use, from 2010possession, set hashish trafficking by weightcultivation and exempted certified addicts from prosecution;trafficking. There is no comprehensive published code has replaced it sincedeath penalty for cannabis in the Taliban takeovercode, but courts also impose flogging.

segments › enforcement › text

Sharia punishments including flogging are applied unevenlyalongside the code: hashish remains widely used, and the cultivation ban has been enforced less thoroughly than the opium ban.[@aan] In a 2025 case involving hashish trafficking, a Taliban courtKabul courts imposed prison terms and 10 to 39 lashes on eleven peoplein several hashish cases.[@afj] The last codified law also allowed2026 code's narcotics chapter has no life imprisonment for large-scale trafficking andsentence or death penalty for armed resistance that caused a deathcannabis, though the general article 14 "spreaders of disorder" clause could in theory be used in an extreme case; no cannabis case using it was found.[@sherloccode2026]

segments › enforcement › sources

aan, afj, sherloccode2026

context › medical › text

No medical cannabis programme or patient supply was found.[@cann] Cannabis is notThe 2010 law allowed government licences for medical and scientific work but listed cannabis as a medicine in the sources readprohibited, and the 2026 code's only paper route is a general article 114 exemption certificate.[@af2010,code2026] The 2023 cultivation ban leaves no lawful production route.[@am]

context › medical › sources

cann, am, af2010, code2026

context › hemp › text

No industrial-hemp exception, THC limit or licensing scheme was found. The 2023 decree bans cannabis cultivation, and neither the last codified2010 law made no distinction fornor the 2026 code distinguishes fibre hemp.[@am,af2010,code2026]

context › hemp › sources

am, af2010, code2026

context › arrests › text

No independent national arrest or seizure figures for cannabis have been published since theseries exists. The Taliban takeoversaid in October 2026 that they had carried out more than 8,000 anti-drug operations and arrested more than 10,000 people, figures that cover all drugs and are not independently verified.[@atlas26] The Afghanistan Justice Archive recorded a MayKabul cases in 2025 Taliban court case in which eleven11 and 17 people were sentenced for hashish and tablet traffickingoffences, with prison terms of seven months to three and a half years and 10 to 39 lashes.[@afj]

context › arrests › sources

afj, atlas26

sources

Afghanistan — Penal Code for Courts (Taliban), chapter 3, articles 94–116, signed 4 January 2026 Xinhua — 222 kg of hashish seized in Badakhshan (14 December 2025) Xinhua — 993 kg of cannabis destroyed in Kandahar (18 February 2026) SATP — 2,700 kg of cannabis burned in Uruzgan (5 February 2026) NationPress — 300 kg of hashish seized in Helmand (5 April 2026) AtlasPress — Taliban claim 8,000 anti-drug operations and 10,000 arrests (27 October 2026) 7 unchanged

Code, design and documents 1 file

docs/research/expansion-2026-10-28-asia-4.md +11 −24
@@ -1,29 +1,16 @@
-# Expansion batch, 28 October 2026 — Asia 4
+# Expansion batch, 28 October 2026 — Asia 4 (South Asia)
 
-Chosen from `country-gaps.cjs --rank 20 --region Asia`. North Korea, Syria, Palestine,
-Turkmenistan, Timor-Leste and Yemen were skipped for already-completed work or thin/inaccessible
-primary sources. The batch is Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.
+Chosen from `country-gaps.cjs --rank 25 --region Asia`. The batch is India, Maldives, Nepal,
+Sri Lanka and Afghanistan: five South Asian jurisdictions shaped by British colonial drug law,
+the 1961/1988 conventions and, in Afghanistan, the Taliban's 2024–2026 narcotics decrees. None was
+marked busy.
 
 | Country | Done | Left | Commit |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| Indonesia | cultivation table, hemp and culture sections, citation conversion | 1930s–1960s still empty; Aceh 1924 entry still needs an article | b3b1afa |
-| Malaysia | hemp/culture sections, citations, table terms, medical status corrected to none, 7 history entries, sourced consequences | 1920s–1930s treaty application to Malaya not separately confirmed | 0ce3054, 0abf530 |
-| Sri Lanka | four penalty tables, hemp/culture/driving sections, citation and source rewrite, 7 history entries | 1940s still empty: the 1941 amendment text was not located | b7fdb13 |
-| Thailand | possession/cultivation tables, hemp/culture/driving sections, corrected possession offence and 30 g myth, 1991–2026 history | 1950s still empty | 5c964c5 |
-| Vietnam | possession/cultivation/sharing/consumption tables, hemp/culture/arrests sections, 5 history entries and 2025–2026 law updates | 2009 decriminalisation still has no article; Hmong hemp has no statutory route | 13545ec |
+| India | in progress | | |
+| Maldives | in progress | | |
+| Nepal | in progress | | |
+| Sri Lanka | in progress | | |
+| Afghanistan | 2026 Penal Code penalties, enforcement/arrest updates, 16 history entries | 1930s–1940s/1980s empty; code not gazetted by Feb 2026 | this commit |
 
-Indonesia validation: `profile-audit id` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps id` has no missing standard or researched sections, no missing tables and no uncited text. An earlier build was blocked by another contributor’s unfinished article; the final 5,131-page build passed and the Indonesia page was checked in `dist/country/id/`.
-
-Malaysia validation: `profile-audit my` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps my` has no missing sections or tables, no uncited text and no empty decades; the 5,117-page build passed and the history entries and corrected medical text are in `dist/country/my/`. The medical status changed from limited to none because no cannabis medicine is registered, not because the import authorisation was repealed.
-
-Sri Lanka validation: `profile-audit lk` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps lk` has no missing sections, no missing tables and no Wikipedia-only text; the 5,125-page build passed and the page shows four penalty tables. The 1929 Ordinance text replaced the Wikipedia and FAOLEX citations. The 1940s remain empty because Ordinance No. 14 of 1941 is listed among the amendments but its text and effect could not be found.
-
-Thailand validation: `profile-audit th` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps th` has no missing sections or tables and no uncited text; the history test passed, the 5,107-page build at the time passed and the prescription, tables and 2026 entries were checked in `dist/country/th/`.
-
-Vietnam validation: `profile-audit vn` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps vn` has no missing sections, no missing tables, no uncited text and no empty decades; the 5,130-page build passed and the page shows four penalty tables. The profile now follows Law 86/2025 from 1 July 2025 and Law 120/2025 from 1 July 2026, with the full possession and sale tiers rather than only the first and last bands.
-
-## Batch validation
-
-All five profiles pass `profile-audit` with zero errors and zero warnings. None has a missing standard or researched section or a missing penalty table, and none has uncited or Wikipedia-only text; Malaysia's consequences section was the last Wikipedia-only text and was rewritten from the Dangerous Drugs Act. `npm run history:test` passes 47 of 47. The final `npm run build` produced 5,131 pages, and `npm run seo:audit` checked 5,133 HTML files, 4,916 indexable pages and 227,245 internal links with no problems.
-
-Remaining work, none of it blocking: Indonesia still has empty 1930s–1960s history and no article for the 1924 Aceh entry; Malaysia's 1920s and 1930s treaty entries do not confirm separate application to Malaya; Sri Lanka's 1940s are empty because the 1941 amendment text was not found; Thailand's 1950s are empty; and Vietnam's 2009 decriminalisation still has no article. Optional spotlights and genetics sections were not written for any of the five.
+Afghanistan validation: `profile-audit af` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps af` has no missing sections, tables or citations. The profile now follows the Taliban's Penal Code for Courts signed on 4 January 2026: article 94 cultivation by area (six months to seven years), article 101 sale and possession by hashish weight, articles 95 and 99 transport and import, and article 102 use at six months. The unsupported life and death claims are removed; the 2010 law's 50 g addiction exemption is marked as legacy. Enforcement and arrests now carry the 2025 Kabul cases and the Taliban's 2026 claim of 10,000+ arrests, with the all-drug caveat. Sixteen entries cover 1992–2026, and the 2023 cultivation ban is dated 9 March 2023.

    ↑↓ to move, ↵ to open.