Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog 8f757fatree

Address research issue 200 with sourced history and country context

9 history entries added1 history entry edited8 country profiles edited3 articles written1 article edited3 files of code, design or docs +660 −53 lines

History changes.yaml

Added 9

Edited 1

Kenya's High Court upholds the cannabis ban against a Rastafari challenge

description

Justice Bahati MwamuyeThe High Court dismissed in its entirety a petition by the Rastafari Society of Kenya against the provisions of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act that criminalise possessingchallenge seeking protection for private sacramental possession, usinguse and growingcultivation of cannabis. The society had asked only for an exemption for private use in worship. The court foundjudge held that the petitioners should first pursue statutory licensing or exemption procedures and had not proved a violation of theirthe claimed rights, that any limit was justified by violations. He also accepted public-health and safety, and that they had not first used other legal and administrative routes. The judge added that cannabis use is now widespread, questioned whether scarce enforcement resources should go on small amountsjustifications, and called for a full and frank conversation, while saying thaturging a change ofnational debate and leaving policy belongsreform to other institutions and not the courts.[@1]

sources

High Court of Kenya — Rastafari Society of Kenya & others v Attorney General & others [2026] KEHC 11816 (15 July 2026) The Star — Court upholds ban on bhang, urges future debate (15 July 2026)

unscored

Dismisses a challenge to existing prohibitions; creates neither a religious exemption nor a new offence or penalty.

Countries and states 8 files

Switzerland countries/ch.yaml

context › research › text

Researchers can seek federal permission for controlled adult-use supply trials, with defin … rds legal supply describes enrolled participants, not the whole country.[@evaluation2025] In Basel’s separate [Weed Care one-year follow-up](/history/switzerland-basel-pharmacy-follow-up-2026/), 374 adults showed small average decreases in depression, anxiety and problematic use; consumption days rose slightly and amounts per use day stayed similar. Both original groups had pharmacy access after six months, so the one-year changes cannot establish causality.[@basel2026]

context › research › sources

pilotbasis, faq, evaluation2025, basel2026

sources

Psychiatrische Dienste Aargau — One year of cannabis from pharmacies: mental-health findings (14 September 2026) 17 unchanged

United Kingdom countries/gb.yaml

context › products › text

Prescription flower, oils and vape cartridges via clinics; CBD products with negligible THC on general sale.

context › products › sources

pp, boc

context › medical › text

Legal since 1 November 2018, but only doctors on the specialist register may initiate it, … uch as chronic pain. The private route costs patients a consultation fee plus the product.[@bmj,pp,cgh] Prescription products include flower, oils and vape cartridges through clinics.[@pp]

sources

Food Standards Agency — CBD novel-food applications: recommendations to ministers on first authorisations (updated 19 October 2026) 16 unchanged

context › hemp › text

CBD foods have a separate approval process. The FSA’s [board paper updated on 19 October 2026](/history/uk-cbd-first-authorisation-recommendations-2026/) sought agreement on recommendations for three high-purity CBD applications, with proposed adult-only conditions and a 10 mg daily maximum. Final authorisation decisions belong to ministers in England and Wales, with Northern Ireland’s health minister informed; this paper records recommendations.[@cbd2026]

context › hemp › sources

cbd2026

Kenya countries/ke.yaml

sources

High Court of Kenya — Rastafari Society of Kenya & others v Attorney General & others [2026] KEHC 11816 (15 July 2026) 8 unchanged

context › culture › text

The [Rastafari sacrament](/culture/traditions/rastafari-sacrament/) remains subject to Kenya’s cannabis prohibitions. In July 2026 the [High Court dismissed a religious-use challenge](/history/kenya-high-court-rastafari-petition-2026/), finding that the petitioners had not first pursued statutory licensing or exemption procedures and had not established the claimed rights violations. The judge also called for a national cannabis debate.[@rastafari2026]

context › culture › sources

rastafari2026

Netherlands countries/nl.yaml

context › production › text

For decades coffeeshops could sell cannabis but nobody could legally grow it for them: the … e; [since 7 April 2025](/history/netherlands-regulated-supply-only-2025/) the shops there mayare intended to sell nothing elseonly regulated supply.[@tri26,exp] The growers report heavy start-up costs, and hashish was short at first.[@tr … ntract to the state until 2026.[@mc26] Everywhere else, growing for sale is a crime.[@gov]

context › research › text

Dutch researchers publish over a hundred papers on cannabis a year, 140 in 2025, and 21 cl … Office of Medicinal Cannabis, which is also the only legal supplier to pharmacies.[@mc26] The [first supply-trial follow-up, released in September 2026](/history/netherlands-coffeeshop-trial-follow-up-2026/), found more product choice and mostly positive early experiences, but no clear differences from comparison municipalities in use, health, safety or public order. Further measurements are needed to identify effects.[@followup2026]

context › research › sources

openalex, ctgov, um20, thc25, mc26, followup2026

sources

WODC — Possible effects of the cannabis experiment cannot yet be established (9 September 2026) 30 unchanged

Singapore countries/sg.yaml

sources

Singapore ICA and CNB — More than 391 kg of cannabis detected at Pasir Panjang Scanning Station (2 October 2026) 15 unchanged

context › black market › text

ICA and CNB [reported a seizure of about 391 kg of cannabis](/history/singapore-pasir-panjang-transit-seizure-2026/) from a container at Pasir Panjang on 24 September 2026. Preliminary investigations indicated it was transiting Singapore for another country. The 2 October release reported an ongoing investigation, with no conviction or sentence arising from the seizure.[@transit2026]

context › black market › sources

transit2026

Vermont countries/us/vt.yaml

segments › consumption

Private use only. The temporary sales-event law expressly prohibits cannabis consumption at permitted events.[@4]

segments › access

Licensed shops have sold cannabis since October 2022. A pilot effective 1 July 2026 allows the Board to grant up to ten public sales-event permits a year to licensed retailers, subject to municipal approval and implementing procedures. Each event is limited to twenty-four hours; operating permits were not verified in this review.[@4]

sources

Vermont General Assembly — 7 V.S.A. §912, event permits 3 unchanged

South Africa countries/za.yaml

context › production › text

Private cultivation for an adult’s own use is protected by the 2018 ruling. Commercial med … ivities require the relevant Registrar permits. Commercial adult-use sales remain illegal.[@sahpra,act,hemp2025,hempregs2025] In September 2026 the small-business department [sought legal options for indigenous growers’ recognition and participation](/history/south-africa-indigenous-growers-legal-options-2026/); its notice commissions policy work while existing licensing rules continue.[@growers2026]

context › production › sources

sahpra, act, hemp2025, hempregs2025, growers2026

sources

Department of Small Business Development — RFQ for legal options recognising and protecting indigenous cannabis growers (21 September 2026) Cannabiz Africa — African Cultural Heritage Trust project to reintroduce landrace genetics (24 September 2026) 13 unchanged

context › genetics › text

A [September 2026 report](/history/south-africa-landrace-return-report-2026/) describes the African Cultural Heritage Trust, Druids Garden and farmer partners’ plans to characterise landrace genetics and return verified cultivars through community nurseries. Druids Garden’s chief executive said a seed bank collected in Southern Africa in 1948–1972 was donated in 2024. The broader research partnership dates to 2019; community nurseries, shared ownership and royalties are described as programme objectives.[@landrace2026]

context › genetics › sources

landrace2026

Zimbabwe countries/zw.yaml

context › production › text

The 2018 regulations introduced five-year medicinal and scientific production licences. Th … ustrial hemp has a separate authorisation and permit system under the 2019 and 2020 rules.[@si62,mcaz2022,hemp19,hemp20] The [July 2026 amendments](/history/zimbabwe-medical-producer-controls-2026/) place administration and enforcement with the Medicines Control Authority, with five-year licences, an inspectorate, accredited-laboratory contaminant tests and regulatory testing before export. Indoor or greenhouse cultivation is the default; justified outdoor exemptions require separation and security conditions. Unexported stock remaining twelve months after harvest triggers notification, inspection and destruction.[@si108]

context › production › sources

si62, mcaz2022, hemp19, hemp20, si108

sources

Zimbabwe Government Gazette — SI 108 of 2026, medicinal and scientific cannabis production amendments (3 July 2026) 9 unchanged

Articles and atlas entries 4

Code, design and documents 3 files

docs/DATA-MAINTENANCE.md +8 −0
@@ -1076,4 +1076,12 @@ restriction, and the Norway "1965 tinctures" entry became Norway's first cannabi
 ## Reporting back
 
+An [editorial review of issue #200](research/issue-200-news-review-2026-10-27.md)
+on 27 October 2026 adds nine history entries, three articles and context across
+eight profiles. Kenya's existing Rastafari ruling gains the full judgment; Dutch
+and Swiss study findings retain their causal limits, Vermont's event sales remain
+separate from consumption, and Zimbabwe's producer changes are checked against the
+original gazette. The conditional Lesotho lead is excluded pending its committee
+report. All scores and historical score vectors are preserved.
+
 A [Luxembourg, Switzerland and Taiwan extension](research/profile-extension-lu-ch-tw-2026-10-27.md)
 on 27 October 2026 adds seven context sections, four penalty tables, two articles and

docs/research/issue-200-news-review-2026-10-27.md +79 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Issue #200: October news review
+
+Reviewed 27 October 2026 against DATA-MAINTENANCE, WRITING and CULTURE.
+The issue is an editorial candidate list: secondary leads are explicitly subject
+to verification. The decisions below distinguish published additions from a lead
+excluded for insufficient primary evidence. No segment score or historical score
+vector changes in this batch.
+
+| Lead | Decision and coverage |
+|---|---|
+| 1. Kenya | Reuse `kenya-high-court-rastafari-petition-2026`, replace its press account with the full judgment, add an article and country culture context. The existing Rastafari tradition already links this event; preserve that reference piece. |
+| 2. South African growers | Add `south-africa-indigenous-growers-legal-options-2026` and production context. The official DSBD procurement record confirms its advertising date, scope and deadline. Record legal-options work only; no new rights or assumed 2027 enactment. |
+| 3. Landrace conservation | Add the explicitly reporting-dated `south-africa-landrace-return-report-2026` and genetics context. Read the complete Cannabiz Africa article in the browser. Attribute the seed-bank account; conservation, community nurseries and ownership arrangements are described with their actual reported/planned status. |
+| 4. Netherlands | Add `netherlands-coffeeshop-trial-follow-up-2026`, an article and research context. Read WODC, Trimbos, the report's summary and the official April 2025 start announcement. Qualify the production context's previously categorical exclusive-supply wording because the original implementation announcement allowed a temporary hashish transition. |
+| 5. Switzerland | Add `switzerland-basel-pharmacy-follow-up-2026`, an article and research context. Read PDAG, the University of Basel abstract and FOPH's pilot overview. Keep this cohort separate from the seven-trial 2025 evaluation already present. |
+| 6. Vermont | Add `vermont-sale-only-event-pilot-2026` and revise access/consumption. Read enacted §912: municipal consent, security/sales plans, annual limit of ten public permits, 24-hour limit, no consumption, procedures with hearings, July 2028 repeal. Do not imply actual event permits have been issued. Existing possession reform stays unduplicated. |
+| 7. Zimbabwe | Add `zimbabwe-medical-producer-controls-2026` and production context after reading the original gazette scan in the browser. Preserve the separate hemp and patient-access assessments. |
+| 8. UK CBD | Add `uk-cbd-first-authorisation-recommendations-2026` using the paper's update date, explicitly a document milestone. Add hemp context and migrate the old products section's prescription-product detail into medical. The paper seeks board agreement on recommendations: ministerial authorisation is a later decision. |
+| 9. Europol | Add the country-neutral `europol-transatlantic-cannabis-taskforce-2026`. The full official release was readable through search's indexed page text despite its live JavaScript shell. Attribute its market explanation; no causal claim about violence or consumption, and no invented national statistics. |
+| 10. Lesotho | Exclude from public data in this pass. Read The Reporter's complete account, then searched for the underlying Social Cluster committee report/transcript; none was recovered. The issue requires that primary evidence before publication. The 75-company allegation, suspected revenue loss and reported fees therefore remain unpublished. |
+| 11. Singapore | Add `singapore-pasir-panjang-transit-seizure-2026` and separately qualified black-market context. Read ICA/CNB paragraphs 1–3. Use seizure date for history, release date in sources; ongoing investigation, no inferred individual culpability or reported conviction. |
+
+## Source checks and remaining limits
+
+- **Kenya:** the judgment's exhaustion finding is in paragraphs 35–47; its
+  alternative rights/proportionality reasoning follows in 49–74. Paragraphs 75–84
+  contain the policy discussion and final disposition. Its account of religious
+  indispensability is attributed to the court, not presented as a definition of
+  Rastafari belief. The challenge's dismissal leaves existing prohibitions in place.
+- **DSBD:** the official indexed record was read in full. The old Drupal address
+  now redirects to a missing page on the replacement site; the attached terms of
+  reference were not recovered. Scope and advertising/closing dates are supported
+  by the record itself. Do not infer an award, completed framework or enacted bill.
+- **Landraces:** the project report does not supply an independent accession audit,
+  permit copy or evidence of completed community returns. Its historical collection
+  provenance and proposed agreements remain claims requiring independent checking
+  before a longer Culture feature. No claims of genetic purity or proven medicinal
+  efficacy were carried into the profile or history.
+- **Dutch evaluation:** the report is labelled first follow-up measurement 2025,
+  covers the period through early 2026 and was released in September 2026. Distinguish
+  measurement, release and the April 2025 experimental-phase start. A finding of no
+  clear difference is not evidence that the intervention can have no effect.
+- **Basel:** use PDAG's 14 September release date. The repository lists a November
+  journal-issue date; do not backdate that issue or confuse it with first public
+  reporting. Read the repository abstract, not the inaccessible ScienceDirect full
+  text. Small mean changes coexist with no significant change in the proportion
+  above clinical thresholds. The uncontrolled year-one design cannot identify cause.
+- **Zimbabwe:** ZimLII's source is the entire 3 July gazette, not a small stand-alone
+  SI. Standard retrieval was blocked; its browser PDF viewer loaded the supplement.
+  Read printed pages 1651–1668, including the amended producer-licence duration,
+  MCAZ functions, cultivation/security/testing rules, export destruction and appeals.
+  Section numbers in the amending text are irregular; locators identify the amended
+  provisions. The printed definition's low-THC exclusion wording is anomalous; it
+  is not used to rewrite the separate criminal-code industrial-hemp definition.
+  Fees are not promoted as current charges because later fee reforms need their
+  own verification. The event uses gazette publication date.
+- **Lesotho:** a future addition needs the report tabled in the National Assembly
+  around 19–23 October, its adoption status and the relevant Ministry response.
+  An article quoting a committee is insufficient to describe its allegations as
+  audited losses. Editorial exclusion disposes of this conditional candidate;
+  it does not settle the underlying governance allegations.
+
+## Validation and archive work
+
+- Answer/profile tests: 87 passed. History tests: 46 passed after removing an
+  unused third source from the concurrently added Grenada article's front matter;
+  that small validation repair changes no article prose or attribution.
+- Full build passed: 4,691 pages, isolated output in `/tmp/cfi-issue-200-build`.
+- All eight affected national score chains (including the US for Vermont) reported
+  zero flagged steps. Direct comparison found all profile scores and every scored
+  history vector unchanged, with none of the ten reviewed events carrying `before`.
+- Browser checks passed for seven national context tabs, all three new articles,
+  and mobile overflow checks at 390 pixels. Screenshots reviewed for desktop
+  South Africa and mobile Switzerland. Vermont's access/consumption text is checked
+  in the source and validated by the build and profile tests.
+- Targeted CDX checks completed for all fifteen cited batch URLs: six returned
+  existing captures, nine returned successful empty results. Merge those records
+  while preserving concurrent archive edits. An older archive snapshot may predate
+  a page update; current claims were checked against the sources described above.

source-archive.json +57 −1

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