Türkiye: citations, product rules and two score corrections

treatment

Türkiye allows dismissal of personal-possession cases afterlets courts send drug users to treatment and probationinstead of prison

Law 5560 rewrote Penal Codereplaced Article 191 of the 2004 Penal Code. Buying, retainingaccepting or holding drugs for personal use stayed a crime with one to two years in prison for buying, accepting or possessing drugs for personal use, including cannabis. Before judgment, courtsbut a court could now order treatment and supervised probation for usersbefore judgment; if the person completed it, or probation for peoplethe case was dismissed. People who possessedheld drugs for use without using them. Compliance required dismissal of the case; otherwise trial resumed. A separate route allowed qualifying could get probation alone, and convicted users tocould complete treatment and probation with theirhave the sentence deemedtreated as served. This revised an existingPossession stayed a crime; the new route let a court suspend the case while the person completed treatment framework rather than legalising possession.

possession 1 · cultivation 1 · enforcement 1 · sharing 10 · consumption 1 · access 0

T.C. Resmî Gazete — 19 December 2006, No. 26381 Türkiye — Parliament's Law 5560 publication record 1 unchanged

2025-07-21

hemp, cbd

Turkey allows low-THCTürkiye puts cannabis-derived products in pharmacieson a pharmacy-only licensing track

A newLaw 7557 amended Article 23 of the narcotics law permitsso that cannabis-derived medical, health, personal-care and support products need Health Ministry licensing or registration and may be sold only in pharmacies. The detailed product rules were left to sell products derived from cannabis with less thana ministry regulation, published on 31 January 2026. The law did not set a THC limit; the 2026 regulation set a maximum of 0.3% THCfor support and personal-care products.

Products under 0.3% THCA production and pharmacy-sale framework; no product had been shown to be licensed or stocked, which the scores do not count as cannabisand recreational use remains illegal.

Türkiye — Law No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Substances, consolidated text (Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi) Türkiye — Regulation on Products Derived from Hemp, Official Gazette 33154, 31 January 2026 (TİTCK) Wikipedia — Cannabis in Turkey

2016-01-25

hemp

Turkey allows cannabinoid medicinesTürkiye adds a THC/CBD medicine to its overseas import list

Regulations permitted cannabinoidOn 25 January 2016 TİTCK added a THC/CBD oromucosal spray to the list of medicines such as Sativexthat may be supplied from abroad on prescription. It was an import route, not a domestic marketing authorisation or a general medical-cannabis programme, and allowed hemp growing in nineteen provincesno routine pharmacy stock was verified.

A few licensed cannabinoid medicines; no medical cannabis route, as the access segment records.

Cumhuriyet — Türkiye’de esrar yasallaştı: işte yayınlanan liste (13 February 2016) TİTCK — Overseas active substance list, 28 September 2026 Wikipedia — Cannabis in Turkey

possession 1 · cultivation 1 · enforcement 2 · sharing 0 · consumption 1 · access 0

turkey-possession-probation-reform-2006, turkey-medical-products-2025

Buying, receiving or possessing cannabis for personal use is a crime under Article 191 of the Penal Code, with two to five years in prison.[@tck] For a first offence, however, prosecutors mustthe prosecutor normally deferdefers prosecution for five years and imposeimposes at least a year of supervised probation, with treatment where needed. Breach the conditions; breach or reoffend andreoffending brings the prison sentence appliesterm.[@tck,mondaq] The two-to-five-year range dates from the 2014 amendment; the earlier range was one to two years.[@tck]

bhtck, mondaq

label Personal-use possession, purchase or receipt (Article 191) · treatment criminal · prison min 2 years · prison 5 years · note Two to five years since 2014; first offences normally deferred for five years with supervised probation and treatment · term Possession

Article 23 of the 1933 narcotics law prohibits growing hemp without a permit for any purpose, and unlicensed plants are destroyed.[@law2313] Sowing hemp to obtain cannabis carries four to twelve years in prison and a heavyjudicial fine of 500–10,000 days; a person who grows only the cannabis they need for their own use faces one to three years. Sowing without a permit where no drug purpose is shown brings a judicial fine of at least 50 days.[@law2313]

law2313, bh

label Sowing hemp to obtain cannabis · treatment criminal · prison min 4 years · prison 12 years · note Four to twelve years and a heavyjudicial fine of 500–10,000 days · term Cultivation, label Growing only the cannabis needed for own use · treatment criminal · prison min 1 year · prison 3 years · note One to three years · term Cultivation

Probation rather than prison for first-time users, but under a criminal framework with a multitwo-to-five-year sentence hanging over them.[@tck] The 2025 drug report recorded 103,992 cannabis offences and 126,180 suspects in 2024, and 149,523 people in prison for drug offences.[@tubim2025] Dealing is punished severely.[@tck]

bhtck, mondaqtubim2025

Supplying drugs to others is punished under Article 188 with at least ten years and a judicial fine of 1,000–20,000 days; giving, transporting, storing or possessing for supply all fall within the offence.[@tck] Manufacture, import or export carries 20–30 years.[@tck] The law sets no gram threshold between use and supply, so the distinction is factual rather than a quantity line.[@tck]

bh, mondaqtck

label Supplying drugs to othersSelling, giving, transporting or storing for supply (Article 188(3)) · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 10 years · note At least tenFifteen years if the recipient is a child, label Manufacture, import or export (Article 188(1)) · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 20 years · prison 30 years · note Plus a judicial fine of 2,000–20,000 days, label Aggravated supply (school or hospital within 200 m; three or more people) · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 15 years · note Article 188(4) increases the base sentence by one half, label Organised criminal group · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 20 years · note Article 188(5) doubles the base sentence

Use is covered by Article 191 on the same terms as possession, and probation involves regular drug tests.[@tck]

mondaq, bhtck

Adult-use supply is illegal. The only verified patient route is import: TİTCK’s September 2026 overseas active-substance list includes cannabidiol oral solution and a THC/CBD mouthoromucosal spray, supplied on reda doctor’s prescription, through the special importoverseas-medicine process.[@imports2026,titck_guide] Domestic cannabis-derived products requireneed product-specific authorisation under the January 2026 rules; a permission to market does not establish pharmacy stock.[@products2026]

imports2026, products2026titck_guide, bhproducts2026

There is no legal recreational supply. Buying, receiving or possessing for personal use brings two to five years, but first offences normally get five years'’ deferred prosecution with at least a year of supervised probation and treatment; breach or reoffending brings the prison term.[@bhtck,mondaq] Supplying others brings at least ten years.[@bh,mondaqtck]

bhtck, mondaq

Hemp may be grown under permit in a list of21 designated provinces; the state has promoted it for fibre, seed and stalk; flowers and leaves for medical, more recentlyhealth and support products are grown under state grain-board contracts in secure facilities.[@og2026, for lowlaw2313] A 2024 regulation created a separate medical-THC medicinal productscultivation route, replaced by the 2026 rules.[@og2024,og2026]

wikiog2024, og2026, law2313

The 31 January 2026 regulation creates product-specific licensing and pharmacy-sale rules. Medicinal products need TİTCK authorisation before marketing; health, support and cosmetic products have their own requirements. Its 0.3% provisions concern particular product categories. Specially imported cannabinoid medicines use a separate route.

products2026, imports2026

Very limited. The special import list includes cannabidiol oral solution and a THC/CBD mouthoromucosal spray on red prescription. For domestic cannabis-derived products, through the 25 January 2016 import route.[@imports2026,cumhuriyet2016,titck_guide] The 2025 enabling law was followed by implementing rules onand 31 January 2026. Routine rules create a domestic licensing and pharmacy-only track for cannabis-derived medical, health and personal-care products, but no domestic medicine or routine pharmacy stock was verified; availability has not been verified.[@products2026]

imports2026, cumhuriyet2016, titck_guide, products2026

A conviction creates a criminal record and can bring a judicial fine, confiscation and, for a foreigner, deportation with an entry ban of up to five years.[@tck,law6458] A year or more of supervision and testing applies where prosecution is deferred; ifcompleting probation is completedends the case is dropped without a conviction.[@tck]

bhtck, law6458

regulatedunclear

regulatedunclear

Hemp may be grown for fibre, seed and stalk only with a permit from the local administrative authority, in 21 named provinces, applied for between 1 January and 1 April each year; growing for medicines and health products goes through the state grain-board contracts. The 2026 regulation[@og2026,law2313] Only licensed growers may plant, using certified seed; the rules treat vegetative propagation as reported does not set out howcultivation and create no retail seed is supplied or soldclone trade.[@og2026]

evr26og2026, law2313

strictstandard

Hemp for fibre, seed and stalk needs a local permit in 21 named provinces, applied for between 1 January and 1 April each year; growing for medicines and health products goes through the state grain-board contracts.[@evr26og2026] The 2026 product rules set a 0.3% provisionsTHC ceiling for particular product categoriessupport and personal-care products, not a general cultivation linefield limit.[@products2026]

evr26og2026, products2026

The EU drugs agency'’s statistical bulletin records 103,992 cannabis-related drug law offences in Türkiye in 2024, against 87,268 in 2023. Of the 2024 total,; 83,744 of the 2024 total were for use or possession for use.[@euda_dlo] The number has risen by about three-quarters since 20202025 drug report gives 126,180 cannabis suspects and is the highest149,523 people in the seriesprison for drug offences, all drugs.[@tubim2025] Countries count these differently (offences or offenders, criminal or administrative), so the figure isfigures are not comparable across borders.[@euda_dlo]

euda_dlo, tubim2025

No cannabis clubs are known, and the law leaves no room for them: growing cannabis and giving or supplying it to another person are both prohibitedcrimes.[@tck,law2313]

bhtck, mondaqlaw2313

There is no legal recreational supply for anyone. Buying, receiving or possessing cannabis for personal use is a crime with two to five years in prison under Article 191, and a foreigner can also be deported with an entry ban of the Penal Codeup to five years.[@tck,law6458]

bhtck, mondaqlaw6458

zeroconsumption

The Highway Traffic Law forbids anyone who has taken narcotic or stimulant substances from driving, with no numerical level set; police use roadside test kits, and a driver who objects is taken for a blood, saliva or urine sample.[@ktk48] Under the paragraph as amended in February 2026, a driver found to have taken such a subst … ires a driving course and exams, which cannot begin until at least five years have passed.[@ktk48] The Penal Code applies as well.[@tck]

ktk48, tck

The EU drugs agency'’s statistical bulletin records 47,710 kg of herbal cannabis and 13,751 kg of cannabis resin seized in TurkeyTürkiye in 2024, against 71,429 kg and 27,836 kg in 2023. Herbal[@euda_szr] The 2025 drug report gives a cannabis was seized on 80total of 61,420 occasions and resin on 17501 kg,405 made up of 39. Plant seizures came to 108,378,999 plants8 tonnes of hashish and 21.6 tonnes of skunk.[@tubim2025] Countries record seizures differently, so the figures are not comparable across borders.[@euda_szr]

euda_szr, tubim2025

Türkiye — Turkish Criminal Code (Law 5237), consolidated text Türkiye — 2025 Turkey Drug Report (TUBİM) Türkiye — Law 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection Türkiye — Medical Cannabis Cultivation Regulation, Official Gazette 13 September 2024 Türkiye — Hemp Cultivation Regulation, Official Gazette 31 January 2026 TİTCK — Overseas medicine supply and use guide Cumhuriyet — Türkiye’de esrar yasallaştı: işte yayınlanan liste (13 February 2016) Wikipedia — Cannabis in Turkey 9 unchanged