Indonesia: split plant and dried possession, correct death practice, add 14 entries

People prosecuted for planting or possessing cannabis no longer face a special four-year m … nother person, while retaining life and death alternatives for specified serious offences.[@1] It took effect alongside the new Criminal Code, whose production on 2 January 2026: Article 112 was repealed and import offence replaces the oldnon-plant possession moved to Article 609, Article 113 became Article 610, and Article 114 was kept with its life and death alternatives.[@1,2]

Class I narcotic. Since 2 January 2026, possessing the plant material is up to twelve years, with no statutory minimum and possessing dried cannabis over 5 g can bring life or twenty years. Aggravated sale or production can still be death. Medical use is prohibited.

Cannabis is a Class I narcotic. Since 2 January 2026, planting or possessing it in plant f … sion under Article 111 has no death penalty or special minimum prison term.[@uu35,uu2026] Dried cannabis and resin are not "plant form": the new Criminal Code's Article 609 covers them, with up to twelve years for the basic offence and life or up to twenty years above 5 g.[@kuhp2023,uu2026] Personal use under Article 127 carries up to four years; a person proved to be a victim of drug abuse must receive rehabilitation.[@uu35]

uu35, uu2026, kuhp2023

label Planting or possessing plant form · treatment criminal · term Article 111 · prison 1 … rm Article 111 · note Life imprisonment or up to twenty years and/or a higher fine, label Dried cannabis or resin, Article 609 · treatment criminal · term Article 609 · prison 12 years · fine 2000000000 · note Above 5 g: life or up to twenty years, label Personal use, Article 127 · treatment criminal · term Article 127 · prison 4 years · note Up to four years; proven abuse victims must receive rehabilitation

Among the harshest in the world.[@sun] Tourists in Bali are regularly jailed for years over a few grams, and Indonesia retains and uses the death penalty for drug trafficking but has not executed anyone since July 2016.[@gp,jp26]

sun, gp, jp26

label Sale, purchase, brokerage or delivery · treatment criminal · term Article 114 · prison 20 years · fine 2000000000 · note Life imprisonment or up to twenty years and/or a category VI fine, label Over 1 kg or, at least six plants for sale, or over 5 g non-plant · treatment criminal · term Article 114 · death true · prison 20 years · note Death, life … death true · prison 20 years · note Death, life or up to twenty years and/or a higher fine

Since 2 January 2026, aggravated sale or delivery under Article 114 can bring death, life … ring death under Article 116(2) if it causes death or permanent disability.[@uu2026,uu35] Death is one of three options, not mandatory. No executions have been carried out since July 2016; 639 people were on death row in April 2026, 441 for drug offences, and no cannabis-specific death sentence was found in 2024–2026.[@jp26]

uu2026, uu35, jp26

No licensedIn June 2025 the National Narcotics Board opened limited cannabis research route operates. The Constitutional Court rejectedto selected universities and began a pharmacy study with Udayana University, while insisting this was not legalisation.[@bnn25,kompas25] No patient or commercial route exists, and medical challenge but urged the government to research therapeutic use; medical use stays prohibited.[@tempo,sun]

tempo, sun, bnn25, kompas25

Prohibited absolutely: Class I narcotics may not be used for health services, and CBD is t … s of children with cerebral palsy, while urging the government to research therapeutic use; the 2025 BNN university programme is research only.[@tempo,bnn25]

tempo, uu35, bnn25

Bringing cannabis across the border is a separate offence: since 2 January 2026, unauthori … V fine under Article 610.[@uu2026] For plant material over 1 kg or more than five plants, or for more than 5 g of non-plant cannabis, the aggravated offence can bring death, life imprisonment or up to twenty years and/or a c … s, with rehabilitation required for a person proved to be a victim of abuse.[@uu2026,uu35]

Indonesia — Criminal Code (KUHP) Law 1/2023, articles 609–610 Jakarta Post — Indonesia keeps death penalty despite execution hiatus (25 October 2026) BNN — Research on cannabis is not legalisation (June 2025) Kompas — BNN and Udayana University study medical cannabis (15 July 2025) 11 unchanged

IDR

label Personal use, Article 127 · treatment criminal · term Article 127 · prison 4 years · note Treatment and rehabilitation may count towards the sentence