Bahamas countries/bs.yaml
possession 3 → 1enforcement 4 → 2consumption 2 → 1access 1 → 0
recreationaldecriminalisedillegal
summaryCannabis remains criminal. The 2024 Cannabis Act legalisedcreated a Cannabis Authority, but its possession, medical and religious -use and replaced prosecution for up to 30 g with a fixed penaltylicensing provisions have not been brought into force.
segments › possession › textUnderUnauthorised possession remains an offence under the cannabis reform package passed inDangerous Drugs Act. Although the 2024, possession of less than 30 g is no longer prosecuted: it carries a Cannabis Act contains an uncommenced $250 fixed-penalty route for possession below 30 g, the sections creating that leaves no criminal record if paid on time. Larger amounts remain criminal. Implementation hasroute have not been gradual as the new Cannabis Authority is set upcommenced.
segments › possession › sourcesmmdda, ewncannabis_act, appointed_day
segments › cultivation › textHome growing for personal use is not permitted. Cultivation requires a licence fromcriminal offence. The Dangerous Drugs Act prohibits growing any plant of the genus Cannabis Authority; its narrow exception requires ministerial authority for medical or scientific purposes.
segments › cultivation › sourcesmm, gleanerdda
segments › enforcement › textA fixed penalty forPossession can be prosecuted under 30 g; prosecutionthe Dangerous Drugs Act and possible prison for larger quantities and unlicensed dealingremains legally possible. The Cannabis Act's fixed-penalty provisions are not among the sections in force.
segments › enforcement › sourcesmmdda, ewnappointed_day
segments › sharing › textSupply outside the licensed medical and religious channelsSupplying or offering to supply cannabis remains ana criminal offence, including unpaid transfer.
segments › sharing › sourcesmmdda
segments › consumption › textRecreational possession and use remainsremain unlawful and is covered by the fixed penalty. Rastafari may use cannabis as a sacrament under aThe religious-use licence contemplated by the 2024 Act is not yet available because its licensing Part has not commenced.
segments › consumption › sourcesgleanercannabis_act, mmappointed_day
segments › access › textNo adult-use salesThere is no lawful retail source. The law2024 Act provides retail licences for medical, research and religious supply onlyretail licences, but those provisions have not commenced and licence applications had still not opened in July 2026.
segments › access › sourcesmmcannabis_act, ewnappointed_day, trib26
context › production › textThe Cannabis Authority issuesexists, but the Act's cultivation, manufacturing, retail, testing, research, transport and religious-use licences, with ownership rules favouring Bahamianslicensing Part has not commenced.
context › production › sourcesmmcannabis_act, gleanerappointed_day
context › products › textMedical products throughNo licensed retailers as the system comes onlinecannabis products are yet available.
context › products › sourcesmmtrib26
context › medical › textLegal under theThe 2024 law onAct lays out a practitioner's prescription and dispensary system, through licensed outletsbut those sections and the companion Dangerous Drugs and Pharmacy amendments remain out of force. In July 2026 the Cannabis Authority had still not opened licence applications, so no licensed outlet was operating.
context › medical › sourcesewncannabis_act, mmappointed_day, not_in_force, trib26
context › consequences › textThe reform provides2024 framework has not removed criminal liability for expunging existing records forpersonal possession of small amounts.
context › consequences › sourcesmmappointed_day, dda
sourcesBahamas Laws Online — Cannabis Act, 2024 (No. 50 of 2024)
Bahamas Laws Online — Cannabis Act, 2024 (Appointed Day) Notice, 2024 (S.I. 72 of 2024)
Bahamas Laws Online — Dangerous Drugs Act (Chapter 228)
Bahamas Laws Online — Amending Acts Not in Force
Marijuana Moment — Bahamas government unveils proposal to legalize marijuana for medical, religious and scientific use
Jamaica Gleaner — Bahamas introduces bills to legalise marijuana for medical and religious use
Eyewitness News — Government unveils legislation to decriminalise cannabis for medical, research and religious use
1 unchanged
context › planting › seedsillegal
context › planting › seeds tradebanned
context › planting › clonesillegal
context › planting › clones tradebanned
context › planting › textThe Dangerous Drugs Act defines Indian hemp as all parts of any plant of the genus Cannabis, whether growing or not, and prohibits cultivating or trading it without narrow ministerial authority. Viable seeds and cuttings therefore remain controlled; the 2024 licence system that would govern cultivation and supply has not commenced.
context › planting › sourcesdda, cannabis_act, appointed_day
cultivation 1 → 2
summaryPersonal usepossession is not penalised, and courts require evidence of trafficking before punishing home cultivation. A 2022 law legalised medical cannabis and hemp.
segments › possession › sourceswikilaw8204, obs
segments › cultivation › textNot legal. The law does not say whether growing for yourself is allowedLaw 8204 lists unauthorised cultivation among trafficking offences, and provisions that would havebut the Supreme Court let patients grow a few2016 home-grow acquittal stand because prosecutors had not shown that the plants were removed from the 2022 medical law before it passedmeant for sale or distribution. Courts have occasionally acquitted small home growersPersonal cultivation is therefore tolerated case by case, without a statutory plant limit or an affirmative right to grow.
segments › cultivation › sourceswikilaw8204, obscourt2018
segments › enforcement › textUsers are not prosecuted. TraffickingCultivation or possession proved to be for trafficking, and cultivationunauthorised supply, carry eight to fifteen years in prison.
segments › enforcement › sourceswikilaw8204, obscourt2018
segments › sharing › sourceswikilaw8204
segments › consumption › sourceswikilaw8204, obs
context › production › sourceslawlaw10113, obsmag
context › products › sourceslawlaw10113
context › medical › sourceslawlaw10113, obs
context › consequences › sourceswikilaw8204
sourcesCosta Rica Legislative Assembly — Law 8204, narcotic drugs and unauthorised-use drugs
Costa Rica Supreme Court, Criminal Chamber — Resolution 00481-2018
IAFA — Law 10113 on medical and therapeutic cannabis and industrial hemp
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock — Hemp and cannabis authorisations and licences
Wikipedia — Cannabis in Costa Rica
Ley N° 10113 — cannabis for medicinal and therapeutic use and hemp (UNEP LEAP)
2 unchanged
context › planting › seedsgrey
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › clonesgrey
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textCourts require evidence of trafficking before punishing cultivation for personal use, so possessing and planting one's own seed or cutting sits in the same case-specific grey area. Commercial propagation is regulated: Law 10113 covers seeds, seedlings and cuttings, and licensed medical or authorised hemp growers must use lawful, registered material. The Agriculture Ministry says there is no domestic commercial seed supplier, so seed must be imported under seed and plant-health rules.
context › planting › sourcescourt2018, law10113, mag
Barbados countries/bb.yaml
segments › cultivation › sourcescijnmci_act, gis
segments › access › sourcescijnmci_act
context › production › sourcescijnmci_act
context › products › textPrescription medicinal products onlythrough licensed therapeutic dispensaries.
context › products › sourcescijnmci_act, first_dispensary
context › medical › textLegal sinceunder the 2019 Act on prescription from a medical practitioner, dispensed through. The first licensed outletsmedicinal dispensary opened on 14 June 2025.
context › medical › sourcescijnmci_act, first_dispensary
sourcesBarbados Parliament — Medicinal Cannabis Industry Act 2019
Barbados Medicinal Cannabis Licensing Authority — regulatory guidance
BMCLA — Import and export of cannabis process information
BMCLA — Island Therapeutics launch, Barbados' first licensed medicinal cannabis dispensary
4 unchanged
context › planting › seedslicensed
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textCannabis seeds and immature plants are medicinal cannabis under the licensed system. Growing requires a cultivator licence, while importing seeds, plants or tissue culture requires an import licence, an approval certificate for the shipment and a plant-protection permit.
context › planting › sourcesbmcla, import_process
Belize countries/bz.yaml
context › production › textNoThere is no licensed production of higher-THC cannabis. TheIndustrial hemp may be grown in registered commercial fields; the shelved 2022 cannabis bill would have created a broader licensing commission.
context › production › sourceswiki, hemp_regs
sourcesBelize Misuse of Drugs (Industrial Hemp) Regulations, consolidated through 2020
3 unchanged
context › planting › seedslicensed
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones tradeunclear
context › planting › textThe Act treats every part of a cannabis plant as cannabis, so drug-type seeds and cuttings remain controlled. Industrial-hemp seed and plants at no more than 0.3% THC are available through the registered commercial-hemp system: cultivation fields and seed import or export require registration, and moving hemp seed requires a permit. The regulations do not set a distinct rule for trading hemp cuttings.
context › planting › sourcesact, hemp_regs
Dominica countries/dm.yaml
segments › possession › sourceswiki, caricomact2020
segments › cultivation › sourceswiki, tniact2020
segments › enforcement › sourcescaricomact2020, tniact1988
segments › sharing › sourcestni, wikiact1988
segments › consumption › sourcestni, caricomact2020
context › consequences › sourcestni, caricomact2020
sourcesDrugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act, Chapter 40:07 — Government of Dominica
Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) (Amendment) Act 16 of 2020 — Government of Dominica
3 unchanged
context › planting › seedslegal
context › planting › seeds tradebanned
context › planting › cloneslegal
context › planting › clones tradebanned
context › planting › textCannabis is defined as the plant and every part of it, so seeds and cuttings fall within the 28 g possession exception. An adult may cultivate up to three cannabis plants at their permanent residence, but the reform did not create an exception for supplying seeds, clones or other cannabis to somebody else.
context › planting › sourcesact1988, act2020
Gabon countries/ga.yaml
summaryIllegal; trafficking. Unauthorised possession, cultivation or supply carries uptwo to twentyten years; illicit use carries two months to one year, with treatment possible instead of punishment in some cases. No reliable figure for simple possession was found.
segments › possession › textGrowing, selling and possessing cannabis ('chanvre indien')Unauthorised possession or acquisition of a plant or substance scheduled as a narcotic is illegalpunishable by two to ten years and a fine of CFA 250,000 to 50 million under the Penal Code Article 208. The sources found report only trafficking cases; no reliable figure for simple personal possession was found.
segments › possession › sourcesgmt1penal
segments › cultivation › textCultivation isUnauthorised cultivation of a crime; northern Gabon near the Cameroon border is describedplant scheduled as a narcotic is covered by the centre of the tradesame two-to-ten year offence.
segments › cultivation › sourcesgmt1penal
segments › sharing › textImportingOffering, transferring or trafficking narcotics carries upselling a scheduled narcotic is punishable by two to twentyten years and a fine of. Facilitating another person's use, whether free or for payment, carries two to five times the value of the seizure under Article 408years.
segments › sharing › sourcesgmt2penal
segments › consumption › textUse is illegalIllicit use carries two months to one year and a fine. A court may instead order medical supervision or treatment where the person needs it.
segments › consumption › sourcesgmt1penal
context › consequences › textA conviction isCourts must order destruction of seized drugs and may withdraw a criminal recordpassport, restrict residence or professional activity and confiscate property connected with an offence.
context › consequences › sourcesgmt2penal
sourcesGabon Penal Code — Articles 208–209 (UNODC SHERLOC PDF)
2 unchanged
Israel countries/il.yaml
sourcesKnesset Research and Information Center — Medical Cannabis, Updated Overview (2020)
Israel Ministry of Health — Engaging in the cannabis field
3 unchanged
context › planting › seedslicensed
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textThe Dangerous Drugs Ordinance treats the cannabis plant, all of its components and its derivatives as a dangerous drug. Cultivation, possession, distribution, transport and every other activity involving the plant require the appropriate Medical Cannabis Unit licence; seeds and clones are therefore available only within the licensed medical system.
context › planting › sourcesknesset_med, gov_licensing
sourcesSt Kitts and Nevis government — Forms available for applications under Freedom of Conscience (Cannabis) Act (2 April 2026)
St Kitts and Nevis National Cannabis Commission — Final Report (2019)
Cannabis Bill 2020, version 2.0 — St Kitts and Nevis Information Service
St Kitts and Nevis government — Forms available for applications under Freedom of Conscience (Cannabis) Act (2 April 2026)
4 unchanged
context › planting › seedsgrey
context › planting › seeds tradeopen
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textThe Drugs Act excludes separated cannabis seed from its definition of cannabis, so seed may be held and traded even though germinating it is lawful only within the personal, religious or medicinal cultivation rules. Immature plants and clones are covered by the licensed medicinal system, while adults may hold a licence to grow up to five plants at home.
context › planting › sourcesncc, cannabis_bill, gov26
segments › cultivation › sourceswikicult_regs
segments › access › textNo lawful place to buy. AThe Regulated Substances Authority bill to license a cannabis industry was introducedestablished in 2023, followingand a draft Cannabis Commission set upand Industrial Hemp Bill was published for consultation in 2019January 2025, but nothe draft itself did not open a retail system is operating.
segments › access › sourcesvoicersa_act, wikibill_review
context › production › textNo commercial licences are being issued yetThe Regulated Substances Authority is building a licensing and traceability system, but the cannabis-specific licensing bill remains a proposal rather than an operating market law.
context › production › sourcesvoicersa_act, bill_review
sourcesDrugs (Prevention of Misuse) (Cannabis Cultivation) Regulations, SI 208 of 2021
Regulated Substances Act — Revised Laws of Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia government — Cannabis and Industrial Hemp Bill 2025 public consultation
4 unchanged
context › planting › seedslegal
context › planting › seeds tradebanned
context › planting › cloneslegal
context › planting › clones tradebanned
context › planting › textA household may cultivate up to four cannabis plants, and the cultivation regulations expressly allow the grower to obtain cannabis seeds. Plants and propagating material count toward the four-plant limit; the personal-use exception does not authorise anyone to supply seeds or clones to another person.
context › planting › sourcescult_regs, law
Peru countries/pe.yaml
segments › possession › textArticle 299 of the Penal Code makes possession for one's own immediate use not punishable up to 8 g of marijuana or 2 g of its derivatives. The exemption is lost if you carrythe person possesses two or more different drugstypes of controlled drug. In practice police often detain people while they verify the amount.
segments › possession › sourcesnp, crpenal
segments › cultivation › textGrowing for personal use is a crime: the Penal Code provides two to six years even where the crop does not exceed 100 plants. The only lawful cultivation isexceptions are licensed medical or scientific production and, since 2021–2023 rules, registered patient associations growing for their members.
segments › cultivation › sourcesgiqpenal, crlaw31312
segments › enforcement › textSmall possession is not punished by law, but unlicensed. Unlicensed cultivation carries two to six years for up to 100 plants and sale carry eight to fifteen years otherwise; trafficking also carries prison.
segments › enforcement › sourcescr, nppenal
segments › sharing › sourcescrpenal
segments › consumption › textUse is not ana separate offence, and theArticle 299 protects possession exemption coverswithin the limits for one's own immediate personal consumption. Public use attracts police attention.
segments › consumption › sourcesnppenal
segments › access › sourcesgiq, npdigemid
context › production › textLicences exist for medical production, import and sale; patient associations can be authorised to cultivate. Law 32195 created a separate framework for industrial hemp below 1% THC, but its implementing regulation remained at draft stage after public consultation.
context › production › sourcesgiqreg2023, crlaw31312, hemp_law, hemp_draft
context › products › textPrescription oilsRegistered medicines, exceptional patient imports and other medicalpharmacy-compounded preparations.
context › products › sourcesgiqdigemid
context › medical › sourcesgiqlaw30681, crlaw31312, digemid
context › consequences › sourcesnppenal
sourcesPenal Code, Articles 296-A and 299 (Congress of Peru)
Law No. 30681 regulating medicinal and therapeutic cannabis (Congress of Peru)
Law No. 31312 on patient-association cultivation (Congress of Peru)
Supreme Decree No. 004-2023-SA, medicinal-cannabis regulation (Ministry of Health)
DIGEMID — Medicinal cannabis and its derivatives
Law No. 32195 on agricultural development of industrial hemp (Congress of Peru)
MIDAGRI — Public consultation on the draft regulation of Law No. 32195
New Peruvian — Is marijuana legal in Peru?
GrowerIQ — How to get a cannabis license in Peru
CannabisRegulations.ai — Is weed legal in Peru?
context › planting › seedslicensed
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textUnlicensed transfer of cannabis seed is a crime, while the medical regulation defines seed to include any botanical structure intended for sexual or asexual propagation. Licensed medical producers may acquire, propagate, store and transport seeds and seedlings. Commercial seed sales are restricted to licensed cultivators and regulated under the General Seed Law; licensed patient associations must obtain seed from an authorised producer. Seeds and clones are therefore confined to licensed or authorised medical and industrial-hemp cultivation and regulated supply channels; the detailed hemp rules remain pending.
context › planting › sourcespenal, reg2023, hemp_law, hemp_draft
Portugal countries/pt.yaml
sourcesPortaria n.º 14/2022 — technical rules for industrial cannabis cultivation (Diário da República)
Decreto Regulamentar n.º 2/2020 — industrial hemp authorisation (Diário da República)
4 unchanged
context › planting › seedslicensed
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textIndustrial hemp cultivation requires annual authorisation, certified seed and sowing under prescribed conditions; it must be grown outdoors from seed, and transplanting plants is not allowed. Medical cultivation and wholesale trade in the plant or parts of it are separately licensed through INFARMED. Seeds and clones are therefore confined to authorised industrial or medical channels, not general adult sale.
context › planting › sourceshemp_rules, cannabis_rules
Slovenia countries/si.yaml
segments › access › sourcesboc, sibizmedical_act
context › production › sourcessibizmedical_act
context › products › sourcessibiz, wikimedical_act
context › medical › sourcessibizmedical_act
sourcesOfficial Gazette — Medical and Scientific Cannabis Act (ZKMZN), 2025
Official Gazette — Rules on marketing cannabis propagation material and seedlings, 2022
Government of Slovenia — Use of cannabis and cannabidiol in cosmetic products
Sibiz — Slovenia legalizes medical cannabis: new law effective from August 20, 2025
3 unchanged
context › planting › seedsgrey
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textThe controlled-cannabis definition excludes seeds, so possessing seed is not itself a drug offence, but germinating a high-THC variety remains unlawful outside licensed medical or scientific production. Seed intended for lawful hemp planting must meet agricultural seed and variety rules. Living propagation material and seedlings are regulated, and may be produced or marketed only through authorised hemp, medical or scientific channels.
context › planting › sourcesdefinition, hemp_rule, medical_act
Ukraine countries/ua.yaml
segments › access › textNo adult-use source. Since 16 August 2024The medical law provides for licensed pharmacies mayto dispense cannabisregistered or pharmacy-basedcompounded cannabis medicines on an electronic prescription. The Ministry of Health says prescribing should begin only once cannabis substance or finished medicines have been imported and pharmacies are ready, withso the first products arriving slowlyroute remains difficult to use.
segments › access › sourcesrubnarcotics, wtmoz
context › production › textThe 2024 law permits licensed, quota-controlled indoor cultivation of medical cannabis from certified seed under strictplant-by-plant electronic tracking, and eased rules for industrial. Industrial hemp (up to 0.3% THC) is grown through the separate registered commercial channel.
context › production › sourceswt, cmsnarcotics
context › products › textRegistered cannabis-basedfinished medicines on prescriptionor medicines compounded by a licensed pharmacy; hemp products.
context › products › sourceswtnarcotics, moz
context › medical › textLegal in a tightly controlled framework since August 2024: doctors can issue electronic prescriptions for cannabis medicines for a list. The Ministry of Health lists the qualifying conditions and electronic-prescription process, a reform driven by the needs of war veteransbut says prescriptions depend on imports and cancer patientspharmacy readiness. Cannabis was moved from the list of banned substances to those permitted under strict control.
context › medical › sourcesrubnarcotics, wtmoz
sourcesLaw of Ukraine on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Precursors, Articles 1, 12 and 15 (Verkhovna Rada)
Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 776 of 21 June 2024 (Verkhovna Rada)
Law of Ukraine on Seeds and Planting Material, Articles 12 and 15 (Verkhovna Rada)
Ministry of Health of Ukraine — Electronic prescriptions for medical-cannabis medicines
5 unchanged
context › planting › seedsgrey
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textThe narcotics law's definition of cannabis excludes seeds, and the general seed law exempts an individual's non-commercial storage and use of seed. Germinating cannabis is nevertheless unlawful outside the authorised medical, scientific or industrial channels. Commercial seed and planting material must be certified; medical growers must obtain certified seed from a registered seed or nursery operator. A cutting is planting material and also a cannabis plant, so clones are confined to authorised cultivation and regulated trade.
context › planting › sourcesnarcotics, seed_order, seed_law
segments › possession › textSince 20193 March 2020 a person found with 56 g (two ounces) or less is not arrested or jaileddetained. It remains an offence dealt with bycarrying a fine of up to EC$500, plus educational material, counsellingbut accepting the prescribed police measures discharges liability without proceedings or rehabilitative care where appropriatea criminal record.
segments › possession › sourcessldrugs_amend, tnidrugs_proclamation
segments › cultivation › sourcesvoice, wikimci_act
segments › enforcement › sourcessl, tnidrugs_amend
segments › sharing › sourcestnimci_act, wiki
segments › consumption › sourcessl, tnidrugs_amend
segments › access › sourcesvoicemci_act, wiki
context › production › sourcesvoicemci_act, wikiagriculture
context › products › sourcesvoicemci_act
context › medical › sourcesvoicemci_act, wikiagriculture
context › consequences › sourcessldrugs_amend
sourcesDrugs (Prevention of Misuse) (Amendment) Act 2019, No. 10 of 2019
Proclamation commencing Act No. 10 of 2019 on 3 March 2020
Medicinal Cannabis Industry Act 2018 and licensing regulations
Medicinal Cannabis Authority — licensee information and cannabis-seed protocol
Ministry of Agriculture — Medicinal Cannabis Industry Given Legal Footing
4 unchanged
context › planting › seedslicensed
context › planting › seeds traderegulated
context › planting › cloneslicensed
context › planting › clones traderegulated
context › planting › textSowing cannabis seed is legally part of cultivation, and growing remains confined to medicinal cultivation or traditional-cultivator licences. The same licensed system covers plant nurseries and allows planting material to be imported only under an import licence; the Medicinal Cannabis Authority publishes a separate seed import and export protocol.
context › planting › sourcesmci_act, mca_seed