Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog 3b87ece

Extend US Virgin Islands history and correct patient-growing profile

9 history entries added4 history entries edited1 country profile edited6 articles written1 file of code, design or docs +1,044 −108 lines

History changes.yaml

Added 9

Edited 4

US Virgin Islands say cannabis sales must wait for a testing laboratory

tags

retail, science

title

US Virgin Islands say cannabis sales must wait for a testing laboratory

description

The head of the Office of Cannabis Regulationregulator Joanne Moorehead told legislatorslawmakers that licensed cultivation could begin within weekscommercial sales needed a working product-testing laboratory, with stakeholders targeting October readiness.[@1] Her office had conditionally approved growers, manufacturers and thatdispensaries, and hoped at least two dispensaries could open before the end of the year-end.[@1] By September, butshe reported that commercial sales could not be authorised until a testingthe laboratory was workingoperational and the first St. Croix commercial grow had a certificate to operate.[@2]

sources

St. Thomas Source — cannabis board reviews hemp rules and first commercial grow 1 unchanged

related

usvi-conditional-dispensaries-2026, usvi-first-commercial-grow-2026

US Virgin Islands sign adult-use cannabis and patient growing into law

tags

patients, home-growing, amnesty, retail

title

The US Virgin Islands legalisesign adult-use of cannabis and patient growing into law

description

Governor Albert Bryan Jr. signed the Cannabis Use Act, legalisinga law setting adult possession limits at two ounces of up to 2 oz by adults 21cannabis, 14 grams of concentrate and over and licensed distributionone ounce of cannabis products.[@1,2] Qualified resident patients could grow six flowering and pardoned past convictionssix immature plants for personal medical use with landowner consent.[@1] Bryan also announced pardons for simple possession. Sales were left to regulations and an application process; in March his administration said use and sales still to be writtenawaited implementing regulations.[@2,3]

before

possession 3 · cultivation 1 · enforcement 42 · sharing 1 · consumption 1 · access 0

sources

US Virgin Islands — signed Cannabis Use Act, January 2023 Government House — Governor Bryan signs adult-use cannabis legislation Government House — status of cannabis use in the territory, March 2023 Virgin Islands News Online — Recreational marijuana now legal in USVI (18 January 2023) Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani — USVI legalizes recreational adult-use marijuana, full implementation to come (January 2023)

related

usvi-medical-cannabis-act-2019, usvi-implementation-warning-2023, usvi-cannabis-rules-certified-2024

US Virgin Islands approve medical cannabis for registered patients

tags

patients, home-growing, retail

title

The US Virgin Islands legaliseapprove medical cannabis for registered patients

description

Governor Albert Bryan Jr. signed the Medical Cannabis Patient Care Act, letting patients with a doctor's recommendation possessmedical cannabis and providing forlaw sponsored by Positive T.A. Nelson, after final legislative approval in December.[@1] The programme provided practitioner certification, patient cards, licensed cultivatorsbusinesses and dispensarieshome cultivation for residents whose cards authorised it.[@2] Its preamble cited the 2014 vote supporting medical-cannabis legislation; the broader Cannabis Use Act replaced the programme in 2023.[@3,4]

sources

Marijuana Policy Project — US Virgin Islands governor signs medical cannabis bill Marijuana Policy Project — US Virgin Islands medical cannabis law summary Virgin Islands Legislature — medical cannabis bill, reported to the floor in December 2018 US Virgin Islands — signed Cannabis Use Act, January 2023 Wikipedia — Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands

unscored

Creates a statutory medical programme, but these sources do not establish an operating licensed supply route at enactment; personal adult-use scores are preserved.

related

usvi-medical-referendum-2014, usvi-cannabis-use-act-2023

US Virgin Islands replace jail with a fine for an ounce of cannabis

date

2014-12-19

title

The US Virgin Islands decriminalisereplace jail with a fine for an ounce of cannabis

description

The legislature voted 14 to 0 to override the governor'overrode Governor John de Jongh’s line-item veto, turning and made possession of an ounce or less from a crime punishable by up to a year in jail and a $5,000 fine into a civil offence withcarrying a $100 to $200 fine.[@1] Cannabis remained unlawful, and failure to pay within 180 days could lead to a separate misdemeanour punishable by up to three months in jail.[@1] A later court case considered how the reform affected police stops based on cannabis smell.[@1]

sources

Virgin Islands Superior Court — People v. Cannergeiter, 29 September 2016 Wikipedia — Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands

tags

sentencing, thresholds, police-powers

related

usvi-cannabis-smell-stop-2016, usvi-cannabis-use-act-2023

Countries and states 1 file

US Virgin Islands countries/vi.yaml

summary

The Cannabis Use Act of January 2023 legalisedsets adult use, with a limit of 2 oz, after possession of an ounce had been reduced to a civil fine in 2014limits at two ounces. Public useQualified resident patients may grow six flowering and carrying cannabis between the islands stay illegalsix immature plants. Licensed growersBy September 2026 the first commercial grow had approval to operate and dispensaries have been approved, but sales could not begin until athe testing laboratory opened, expected in autumn 2026lab was operational; an October update still reported no dispensary sales.

segments › possession › text

The Cannabis Use Act (Act 8680), signed on 18 January 2023, lets adults 21 and over possess up to 2 ozsets adult limits at two ounces of cannabis, half an ounce14 grams of concentrate and 1 ozone ounce of cannabis products such as edibles; medical. Qualified patients may hold twice as much. Since a 2014 law passed over the governor's vetopossess four ounces of cannabis, possessing anone ounce or less had been a civil offence with a $100 to $200 fine instead of up to a year in jailconcentrate and two ounces of products.[@act]

segments › possession › sources

grsm, wikiact

segments › cultivation › text

There is no general right to grow at home: medicalQualified resident patients may not grow their own,six flowering and only members of established Rastafari nonprofits may growsix immature plants for personal medical use on private property under cultivation permitswith the landowner’s consent; the ordinary per-address ceiling is twelve of each.[@act] Sacramental organisations can register to grow on members’ behalf subject to consent and other requirements.[@sacramental] Commercial cultivation and micro-cultivation are licenseduse separate licences and permits.[@act]

segments › cultivation › sources

grsmact, via26sacramental

segments › enforcement › text

Simple possession has been decriminalised throughoutConduct compliant with the territory, and within the legal limits nothingCannabis Use Act is punishedexempted from the older controlled-drug chapter. The government offered pardons for past[@act] Governor Bryan announced simple-possession convictions, about 300 over twenty years,pardons in 2023 and convictions for upasked eligible people to 2 oz are to be expunged automaticallyapply. Later that year, Government House sought people eligible for expungement because gaps in judicial data complicated automatic record clearance.[@signing,expunge]

segments › enforcement › sources

vic23act, vino23signing, expunge

segments › sharing › text

Transfers for payment require the relevant licence or permit. The Act legalised distribution throughlaw expressly protects qualified patients’ compliant transfers and creates separate licensed businessesdistribution and consumption-permit routes. The sources reviewed do not set out a rule on gifts between adults.[@act]

segments › sharing › sources

vino23act

segments › consumption › text

The Act legalises Public consumption requires an authorised lounge, cannabis-use by adults; in 2023or temporary-use permit. The law also restricts consumption on public transport and operating vehicles or vessels under the government stressedinfluence.[@act] Government House reiterated that this would take effect only with the regulations, and that public consumption, consumption and possession or use at federal facilities and carrying cannabis from one island to another would stayremained prohibited even then.[@clarification]

segments › consumption › sources

vic23act, clarification

segments › access › text

No legal sales yet. The Office of Cannabis Regulation has conditionally approved 15 cultivation licences, about nine micro-cultivation permits and 10Conditional dispensary licences, but saidapprovals were published in AugustJanuary 2026 that it could not authorise.[@conditional] In September, regulators reported the first commercial sales until a testingcultivation certificate on St. Croix and an operational laboratory was working, possibly fromawaiting plants for testing.[@grow] An October update still reported no dispensary open for sales.[@retailstatus]

segments › access › sources

via26conditional, sts26grow, retailstatus

context › production › text

LicensedCommercial cultivation was expected to start within weeks of August 2026requires a licence, and micro-cultivation has a separate permit route. Business owners must have lived in[@act] Regulator Joanne Moorehead reported the territoryfirst commercial cultivation certificate to operate for at least ten of the last fifteen yearsa Tier 1 St. Croix grower in September 2026.[@grow]

context › production › sources

via26act, grsmgrow

context › products › text

Hemp products andThe 2026 hemp law requires cannabis-regulator licences or permits for intoxicating hemp and artificially derived cannabinoids, including specified THCA products. Licensed retailers must verify buyers are at least 21, use independent testing and comply with very low THC may be sold legally by licensed child-resistant, tamper-evident packaging requirements.[@hemp businesses] A March amendment replaced the original inventory freeze with reporting and sell-or-dispose deadlines.[@hempamend]

context › products › sources

vic23hemp, hempamend

context › medical › text

MedicalThe territory approved its medical cannabis was legalised by the Medical Cannabis Patient Care Act, signed on 19programme in January 2019, which provided for licensed cultivators and dispensariessponsored by Positive T. MedicalA. Nelson.[@medicalsign] The 2023 law replaced it with a combined medical, adult-use and sacramental system; qualified resident patients are exempt fromhave a personal-growing route and higher possession limits.[@act] Retail opening still awaited an operating supply chain in the dispensary sales tax, but like everyone else they wait for licensed dispensaries to openOctober 2026 market update.[@retailstatus]

context › medical › sources

wikimedicalsign, grsmact, retailstatus

context › consequences › text

Dispensary sales will be taxed at no less than 18%. A task force was set up with $250Government House distinguishes a pardon,000 to work through which forgives the offence, from expungement of past, which clears the record. Its 2023 announcement described automatic relief for eligible simple-possession convictions involving up to two ounces, followed by a call for applicants to help resolve gaps in court data.[@signing,expunge]

context › consequences › sources

grsmsigning, expunge

context › clubs › text

No cannabis clubs are known. Legal distribution is reserved forThe law provides licensed businessesadult-use lounges and separate consumption permits.[@act] Faith-based organisations have a sacramental registration route requiring incorporation, at least ten members and permission to grow on members’ behalf.[@sacramental]

context › clubs › sources

vino23act, sacramental

context › visitors › text

No legal sales have begun, so a visitor hasAn October 2026 market update still reported no lawful way to buy cannabis yetopen dispensaries. Taking[@retailstatus] Government House says personal transport of cannabis between the islands isremains prohibited.[@clarification]

context › visitors › sources

via26retailstatus, vic23clarification

sources

US Virgin Islands — signed Cannabis Use Act, January 2023 Office of Cannabis Regulation — sacramental organisation registration Government House — Governor Bryan signs adult-use cannabis legislation Government House — invitation to applicants for cannabis expungement Government House — status of cannabis use in the territory, March 2023 Office of Cannabis Regulation — approved conditional dispensary applications St. Thomas Source — cannabis board reviews hemp rules and first commercial grow VIBE HIGH — USVI cannabis office and market status, October 2026 US Virgin Islands — signed intoxicating-hemp licensing law, January 2026 US Virgin Islands — signed replacement of hemp inventory rules, March 2026 Marijuana Policy Project — US Virgin Islands governor signs medical cannabis bill Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani — USVI legalizes recreational adult-use marijuana, full implementation to come (January 2023) Wikipedia — Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands The Virgin Islands Consortium — Marijuana sales, consumption in public places and other uses remain illegal in USVI (17 March 2023) Virgin Islands News Online — Recreational marijuana now legal in USVI (18 January 2023) The Virgin Islands Consortium — OCR says cannabis cultivation could begin within weeks, with dispensaries opening before year-end (8 August 2026) St. Thomas Source — Cannabis office pledges legal sales this autumn (2 February 2026)

Articles and atlas entries 6

Code, design and documents 1 file

docs/research/history-usvi-gap-2026-10-24.md +47 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# US Virgin Islands history review — 24 October 2026
+
+Nine new history entries, four revised entries and six new articles extend a history previously limited to five events and no articles. The profile is rewritten with inline citations, replacing Wikipedia/law-firm summaries with statutory material wherever retrieved. All current scores and status metadata are preserved. The historical 2014–2023 enforcement category is corrected from 4 to 2 because nonpayment of the supposedly fine-only civil ticket could itself bring imprisonment.
+
+## Original documents and records read
+
+Research material and scripts are retained in `tmp/history-usvi-gap-2026-10-24/`; temporary production builds are deleted after verification.
+
+- **2016 Superior Court opinion, People v. Cannergeiter**, 65 V.I. 114, reproduced at HallApproved. Read facts, its account of the 2014 law, analysis and conclusion, especially printed pp. 124–125 and 134–136. Judge Robert Molloy decided the case on 29 September 2016. Defendant is **Victor**, not another given name. The stop occurred 30 December 2015. Officers later found about 140 g and a firearm; the opinion distinguishes witness testimony from findings. Its holding retains properly supported smell-based stops but suppresses the evidence here because the initial suspicion was insufficiently specific and the first officer’s training/experience was unproven. Suppression is not called an acquittal, and the later 2023 law is not retroactively applied.
+- The opinion quotes the **2014 civil-possession law** and identifies its effective enactment by veto override on **19 December 2014**. The quoted ordinary fine is **$100**, not the older profile’s generic $100–$200 range. Failure to pay within 180 days could bring a separate misdemeanour and up to three months in prison. Possession over an ounce could still bring up to one year and $5,000. The original signed Act 7700 remains a useful retrieval target; this pass relies on the court’s direct statutory quotations.
+- **Medical-cannabis Bill 32-0135**, the OCR-hosted text reported to the floor in December 2018. Read the preamble and relevant programme/cultivation/registration provisions. The preamble expressly records the **4 November 2014** advisory referendum and **56.5%** support. The question asked legislators to consider a licensed medical programme, rather than directly authorising possession. This download is a bill, not a signed Act; source title and locator say so.
+- **MPP’s contemporary 19 January 2019 press release and detailed programme summary** identify Governor Albert Bryan Jr.’s signing, sponsor Positive T.A. Nelson and December legislative passage. Its summary describes resident possession of four ounces, nonresident three ounces and twelve plants for cultivation-endorsed cards. A later commercial site says 17 January; the signed final Act 8167 was not retrieved, so the contemporary Saturday 19 January account is retained rather than silently adopting the later date. The updated history replaces Wikipedia with these attributable records. Original 2019 commencement, endorsements issued and actual early supply remain open research questions.
+- **Signed Act 8680 (2023)**, downloaded from OCR, 66 scanned pages. Full OCR retained; relevant definitions, regulator powers, sections 779–785, licensed businesses, tax, limitations and final sections 2–7 read. Visually checked printed p. 23 for patient growing: **six flowering and six immature plants** per qualified resident patient; ordinarily twelve of each per address; private property with landowner consent; no sale. This corrects the profile’s false statement that patients cannot grow. No general adult home-growing entitlement is inferred. The statute defines seeds within cannabis and has several distinct licensed/sacramental routes; it does not supply a clear general adult gifting clause, so the existing sharing 3 remains.
+- **Government House’s 18 January 2023 signing statement**: adult/medical/sacramental scheme, pardons, estimated roughly 300 prior simple-possession convictions over twenty years, applications through Justice, expungement distinction. Estimated eligibility is not converted into completed pardons or cleared records.
+- **Government House’s 16 March 2023 implementation clarification**: administration said use and sales remained prohibited until implementing rules and repeated the $100 fine for up to an ounce. It separately listed public consumption, federal facilities and personal inter-island transport as ongoing restrictions. Its hemp figure is printed as 0.03%; this pass does not recycle it as the current hemp definition.
+- **Government House’s 17 November 2023 expungement invitation**: asked people with qualifying cases involving up to two ounces to come forward because gaps in judicial data complicated automatic relief. Positive Nelson’s task force is identified. This is implementation, not a newly enacted possession reform or proof all records were cleared.
+- **Approved 2024 rules**, OCR-hosted 127-page scanned PDF: full OCR retained; definitions, registration, conditional licensing, relevant operating/testing/sacramental sections and approval pages reviewed. **Visually inspected pp. 125–126**: Governor Bryan’s approval is dated **4 May 2024**; Lieutenant Governor Tregenza Roach’s certification and attestation are dated **13 May 2024**. OCR misread the latter as 3/10 in one place. The new event is explicitly certification on 13 May. A conditional award reserves a licensing opportunity and does not authorise buying or selling.
+- **OCR’s 16 January 2026 dispensary notice** says conditional approvals are as of 15 January. Entry date is publication of the notice, not an invented award meeting. The page’s embedded applicant list was not transcribed into unsupported applicant counts.
+- **8 August 2026 Virgin Islands Consortium budget-hearing report**, by Nelcia Charlemagne, read locally: Joanne Moorehead’s conditional-licence counts, lab need, vendor/facility issue and hoped-for retail dates. Predictions are described as predictions.
+- **24 September 2026 St. Thomas Source report**, by Diana Dias: quotes Moorehead reporting the Tier 1 St. Croix certificate to operate and an operational lab awaiting plants. Report date is used for the milestone; an exact earlier certificate issuance date is not invented. Its hemp votes concern draft provisions, not full promulgation of the hemp rules.
+- **4 October 2026 VIBE HIGH market update**, secondary reporting: still no dispensary open for sales. The profile explicitly attributes this to an October update, rather than claiming direct observation of every business on 24 October. The official OCR page and conditional award notices do not alone prove a retail launch. No current access score is raised.
+- **Act 9072**, signed **23 January 2026**, official OCR PDF, seven pages: relevant definitions, licensing requirements, fines, inventory freeze and licensed-retailer age/testing/packaging requirements read. Its heading sounds like an absolute prohibition, but the operative text establishes an OCR licence/permit route. Hemp uses a total delta-9 THC definition including THCA at 0.3% dry weight; intoxicating/altered products fall into distinct categories. Do not describe THCA/altered cannabinoids as generally permitted merely because a product is marketed as hemp.
+- **Act 9079**, signed **26 March 2026**, official OCR PDF, six pages: section 3 expressly replaces the original inventory rule, requiring a list within 60 days and sale or disposal within 75 days, then an OCR disposition plan. Visually inspected PDF pp. 4 and 6 because OCR omitted a line of the inventory-list requirement and misread the approval day. The law contains unrelated appropriation and serious-illness provisions, which are not presented as cannabis reforms.
+
+## Scoring and legal-stage decisions
+
+**Current exact score remains 33** (possession 5, cultivation 1, enforcement 6, sharing 3, consumption 3, access 0). Patient-specific and sacramental growing do not establish general adult home growing. Conditional dispensary licences, a working lab and an operating grow do not prove retail access. Medical metadata stays `limited`.
+
+**Historical enforcement correction:** the 2023 entry’s `before.enforcement` is changed from 4 (fines/diversion only) to 2 (prison possible, fines typical). The court expressly identifies imprisonment for unpaid 2014 fines. The 2014 entry already started from enforcement 2; keeping the later pre-2023 value at 2 prevents a fictional fine-only interval. The possession change in December 2014 is retained, as is the current enforcement 6 after the 2023 enactment. No other historical score vector changes.
+
+**2023 enactment versus executive implementation:** Act 8680 section 7 expressly makes sections 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 effective on enactment. Section 1 contains the possession allowances, and section 6 exempts compliant conduct from the earlier controlled-drug chapter. Government House nevertheless said in March that use and sales remained prohibited pending regulations, and that even up-to-one-ounce possession still attracted a fine. The history retains the scored statutory-enactment milestone on 18 January, adds the March statement in its own entry, and records May 2024 certification separately. The articles report the implementation warning instead of implying immediate shop opening. Judicial resolution of the apparent conflict, and actual enforcement in that interval, remain open; do not pretend the executive announcement repealed the statute or silently move its effective date without that evidence.
+
+**Hemp transition:** the January 2026 entry is `tightening` because it imposes new licensing requirements and penalties; the March entry is `easing` for the inventory sales/disposal window. Both have explicit `unscored` explanations: this distinct product regime does not establish a change in ordinary adult cannabis possession or open cannabis shops. The inserted March text refers to “the effective date of this act”; no precise calendar deadline is calculated from that potentially ambiguous reference. Dates in entries are signed approvals. Draft hemp-board votes in September are described as draft votes.
+
+## Retrieval failures and further gaps
+
+- The official governance page links Act 8925 at `https://billtracking.legvi.org:8082/preview/Act%2F8925`. Direct retrieval timed out and web retrieval did not return a usable act. Its full 2024 amendment remains to be read, including nonresident certification duration, board changes, licence fees and location buffers. Later secondary reporting is a lead, not a substitute for claiming every detail is certified current law. This batch avoids publishing the old statute’s visitor-certification duration and distance limits.
+- A search-result PDF viewer at `ilacdata.com` looked like a source for 8925 but its underlying PDF was a **Turkish medicine document**, unrelated to Virgin Islands law. The local `law2024.pdf/.txt` download is rejected and must never be cited as this amendment. Official OCR governance links are the authoritative retrieval leads.
+- St. Thomas/St. John Source blocked direct downloads of some articles, while web extraction worked. The September Source report was read through web extraction; the local VIBE HIGH September report corroborates the lead but is not substituted for the Source citation.
+- The existing 1937 first restriction was not re-audited. Earlier territorial laws, the federal Controlled Substances Act transition, the complete 2014 statute, 2019 actual patient access, 2024 amendments and any later retail opening remain substantial gaps.
+- The hemp retailer litigation and temporary restraining order are leads in later reporting. No court order was read in this pass, so neither a checked court event nor an article claim about its binding scope is added.
+
+## Verification
+
+The batch verifier checks IDs, categories/tags, source-reference coverage, related and article links, 350–500-word length and three-to-five section headings. All six articles have four sections and 358–384 words. It asserts unchanged current scores and exactly the one intended historical enforcement-vector correction. Production and rendered-reference verification results are recorded after the build, whose temporary output is then removed. A private-index commit includes only this batch’s history objects, the country profile, six articles and this memo, preserving unrelated staged source-archive changes.
+
+Production build passed: **4,015 pages**. Rendered verification passed for **126 citation links**, affected history/profile pages, batch tag pages, JSON/CSV history exports and the profile API. Exact current score **33**, medical classification **Limited**, and all current segment scores were verified. `git diff --check` passed. The owned temporary `site/` build was removed after these checks.

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