Correct Romanian supply penalties and record hemp amendments (#262, #269)

Since 2025 licensedLicensed companies may grow listedcultivate approved low-THC hemp varieties for industryindustrial purposes unrelated to making narcotic drugs. The country's[@hemp797] Article 22 separately permits licensed scientific cultivation within state quotas; growing cannabis to manufacture narcotic medicines is otherwise wild: some 140,000 hectares inprohibited except for the Chu valley, which the interior ministry once estimated could yield 140,000 tonnes of marijuanacases referred to Article 18.[@current279] The industrial-hemp licences therefore describe a year, policed each summer in an operation named Poppyseparate crop from the controlled scientific route.[@hemp797,current279]

nat09hemp797, fp14current279

Kazakhstan — Resolution 797 of 26 September 2025, amended by Resolution 259 of 11 April 2026 Kazakhstan — Narcotic Drugs Act, current Article 22 16 unchanged

standard

Licensed companies may grow approved industrial hemp with no more than 0.3% THC by dry mass.[@hemp797] The [rules revised in April 2026](/history/kazakhstan-hemp-security-testing-revised-2026/) require approved original or elite seed, secured growing sites, seed testing before sowing and THC tests during growth and before harvest. Crops above the ceiling must be destroyed.[@hemp797]

hemp797

GrowingUnauthorised growing for personal use falls under the same three-months-to-two-years provision.[@lc,dr] Licensed agricultural fibre hemp has a separate route, with county authorisation, approved seed and THC testing.[@hemp125]

lc, dr, hemp125

Supply isSupplying cannabis plant or resin falls under risk-drug trafficking, with two: three to seventen years for risk drugsin prison and disqualification of certain rights under Article 2(1), as amended in 2023.[@trafficking2023]

lctrafficking2023

label Trafficking in risk drugs · treatment criminal · prison min 23 years · prison 710 years · note Two to seven yearsRisk-drug cannabis plant or resin; disqualification of certain rights

There is no legal recreational supply. Personal-use possession brings three months to two … e 'risk drugs' but THC as a compound is 'high-risk', which can raise the penalty.[@dr,lc] Supply is trafficking: twoRisk-drug supply carries three to seventen years under the [2023 amendment](/history/romania-trafficking-sentences-raised-2023/).[@lctrafficking2023]

dr, lc, trafficking2023

nonestandard

NoLicensed fibre-hemp THC limit was established by the retained sources, but the law's edges leave roomfarming is lawful: seeds fall outside the criminal law because they contain no THCagricultural rules require county cultivation authorisation and are sold openlyapproved EU-catalogue seed, and CBD products with negligiblea 0.3% THC circulatestandard.[@lchemp125,cmshemp2025] Only medicalGrowers must preserve the crop after flowering for THC sampling and provide cultivation is licensed, under Law 339/2005 with strict authorisation and supervisiondelivery records for support.[@cmshemp125]

lchemp125, cmshemp2025

Seeds fall outside the criminal law because they contain no THC: Law 143/2000 punishes growing, using and trafficking the plant, not trading its seed. Many online shops sell themCannabis seeds are sold openly with cash on delivery, someincluding as souvenirs or collectors' items and some with descriptions of the effects, from about 14 lei a seedwhile unauthorised psychoactive cultivation is criminal. The line[@adv17,cdep] Authorised agricultural hemp is germinationdifferent: an antidrug official put it that the moment the plant sprouts you are holding an illegal drugcounty licences, approved seed and THC checks provide a lawful growing for personal use is an offence under Article 4route. Growing without authorisation under the 2005 law on plants and substances with narcotic content is likewise illegal, so cuttings and seedlings are covered.[@hemp125]

adv17, cdep, hemp125

Romania — Law 45/2023 amending Law 143/2000 Romania — Agriculture Ministry Order 125/2024, consolidated Article 17 Romania — Agriculture Ministry hemp support sanctions, 6 August 2025 13 unchanged