Research sections: Jamaica ethnography, Nigeria Asuni, Egypt Soueif

Traditional Patterns of Hashish Use in Egypt 6 unchanged

Egypt has studied hashish since 1957 under the National Center for Social and Criminological Research. Its programme produced the 850-taker prison study: smoking prevalent in 89.4 percent, use social in 82.5 percent, first-time motives led by conformity and euphoria — see [the traditional-patterns findings](/history/egypt-mufti-fetwa-1940/).[@khalifa75]

khalifa75

Jamaican doctors turned folk knowledge into medicine. The pharmacologist Manley West and t … d by the Scientific Research Council may grow ganja for research under a licence.[@moj15] Earlier, the 1969–1972 Research Institute for the Study of Man project with the University of the West Indies produced the island’s landmark cannabis ethnography, recording ganja as a work stimulant in adult work circles and a class marker shed by the upwardly mobile — see [the work-enhancement findings](/history/jamaica-ganja-work-enhancement-1970/).[@comitas75]

west, moj15, comitas75

The Social Nexus of Ganja in Jamaica 19 unchanged

Socio-psychiatric problems of cannabis in Nigeria 16 unchanged

Nigerian doctors produced some of Africa’s earliest cannabis psychiatry. Tolani Asuni’s 1964 study argued the plant reached Nigeria during and after the Second World War and described its user base — see [the wartime-introduction findings](/history/nigeria-wartime-introduction-asuni-1964/).[@asuni64]

asuni64