Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog 872b57dtree

Turkmenistan: add missing sections, penalty tables and 11 history entries

Add recreational, hemp, driving, black-market, arrest and death-penalty sections, fold away products, and give possession, cultivation and supply their penalty tables. Record the unpublished quantity thresholds, the absence of cannabis data after 2016, and the 5–25-year supply maximum with no death or life sentence. Add 11 entries from 1961 to 2026.

11 history entries added1 country profile edited1 file of code, design or docs +366 −18 lines

History changes.yaml

Added 11

Countries and states 1 file

Turkmenistan countries/tm.yaml

context › products › text

The drug law places controlled substances in separate lists and restricts their production, storage and supply. Controlled medicines for patients require special prescriptions through licensed state pharmacies.[@law17]

context › products › sources

law17

context › medical › text

No medical cannabis programme or registered cannabis medicine was found. The general controlled-medicine rules require special prescriptions and supply through licensed state pharmacies, but cannabis is treated as a controlled plant rather than a medicine. The health ministry sets the dispensing and prescription procedures.[@law17]

context › visitors › text

Recreational drug supply remains prohibited.[@code] The administrative code permits a fine or detention for small-amount possession and use, and the criminal code applies to visitors as to residents.[@admin,code] British travel advice warns that illegal drug possession or use can lead to lengthy prison sentences in very basic conditionsNo visitor exemption was found.[@fcdolaw17]

context › visitors › sources

code, admin, fcdolaw17

sources

EU CADAP — Current situation of data collection and drug early warning system in Turkmenistan (May 2023) Hronika Turkmenistana — 159 kg and 60 kg cannabis seizures on the border (April–May 2023) Hronika Turkmenistana — opium suspect extradited from Russia (26 October 2026) GOV.UK (FCDO) — Foreign travel advice: Turkmenistan, safety and security 3 unchanged

segments › possession › currency

TMT

segments › possession › penalties

label Small amount, administrative · treatment civil · term Small possession · fine min 100 · fine 300 · note Plus confiscation, or up to 15 days' detention, label Above the small threshold, no supply intent · treatment criminal · term Possession · prison 5 years · fine min 4000 · fine 10000, label Repeated or group possession · treatment criminal · term Possession · prison min 3 years · prison 10 years

segments › cultivation › currency

TMT

segments › cultivation › penalties

label Ordinary cultivation · treatment criminal · term Cultivation · prison min 2 years · prison 5 years · note Corrective labour up to two years is an alternative, label Repeated, group or large-scale · treatment criminal · term Cultivation · prison min 5 years · prison 10 years, label Especially large-scale · treatment criminal · term Cultivation · prison min 10 years · prison 15 years

segments › sharing › currency

TMT

segments › sharing › penalties

label Supply or possession with intent · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 5 years · prison 12 years, label Repeated, group or large amount · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 8 years · prison 20 years, label Organised or especially large · treatment criminal · term Trafficking · prison min 15 years · prison 25 years

context › recreational › text

There is no legal recreational supply. Small-amount possession or use brings a fine of 100–300 TMT and confiscation, or up to 15 days' detention; above the small threshold possession is criminal.[@admin,code] No adult-use outlet or tolerance policy was found.[@code]

context › recreational › sources

admin, code

context › hemp › status

none

context › hemp › text

No hemp or CBD regime and no THC threshold. The drug law allows controlled plants to be grown only by permitted enterprises and institutions for industrial, medical or scientific purposes, within state quotas; no commercial hemp licence or CBD route was found.[@law17]

context › hemp › sources

law17

context › driving › status

impairment

context › driving › text

The Administrative Code punishes driving in a state of intoxication with a licence restriction of six to twelve months; a repeat brings 15 days' arrest and a one-to-two-year restriction, and handing the wheel to an intoxicated person brings a fine.[@admin] The Criminal Code covers intoxicated driving causing harm, with up to two years.[@code] There is no numeric THC limit.[@admin]

context › driving › sources

admin, code

context › black market › text

No official cannabis seizure series has been published since 2016. The last detailed figures are 19.9 kg of herbal cannabis and 5.38 kg of resin in 2016, and 9.1 kg of herb in the first nine months of 2020.[@cadap] Two 2023 border cases involved 159 kg and 60 kg of marijuana; no later cannabis total was found.[@hronika23]

context › black market › sources

cadap, hronika23

context › arrests › text

No national cannabis arrest count is published. The authorities recorded 425 drug offences in the first nine months of 2021 and 347 in 2020, all drugs.[@cadap] In 2026 Russia extradited a Turkmen citizen charged under article 327(2) over more than 100 g of opium, showing the supply tier in use but not a cannabis case.[@hronika26]

context › arrests › sources

cadap, hronika26

context › death penalty › text

No cannabis offence can carry death. Turkmenistan abolished the death penalty in 1999, the Criminal Code's list of punishments contains no death penalty, and imprisonment is capped at 25 years; the highest cannabis supply tier is 15–25 years.[@code]

context › death penalty › sources

code

Code, design and documents 1 file

docs/research/expansion-2026-10-28-asia-5.md +3 −1
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ medical research. None was marked busy.
 | Country | Done | Left | Commit |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| Turkmenistan | in progress | | |
+| Turkmenistan | missing sections and penalty tables, death-penalty section, 11 history entries | gram thresholds unpublished; no cannabis data since 2016 | this commit |
 | Tajikistan | in progress | | |
 | Kazakhstan | possession grams, production/life tier, private-use fine, 13 history entries | sub-0.5 g unclear; law commencement dates unverified | this commit |
@@ -17,2 +17,4 @@ Kyrgyzstan validation: `profile-audit kg` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps kg
 
 Kazakhstan validation: `profile-audit kz` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps kz` has no missing sections, tables or citations. The possession section now carries Resolution 470's gram bands (0.5–50 g, 50 g–1 kg, over 1 kg for herbal cannabis), and sharing adds the 2025 Article 297-1 production offence with its life-imprisonment tier. Consumption records the Article 440-1 private-use fine, driving adds the repeat-with-harm band, the 2024 Karasora figures use the full 21.5 t/1,607-crime operation, hemp records the 218 approved varieties and HHC scheduling, and medical adds the refused 2019 clinic. Thirteen entries cover 1959–2026.
+
+Turkmenistan validation: `profile-audit tm` zero errors/warnings; `country-gaps tm` has no missing sections, tables or citations. The profile now adds recreational, hemp, driving, black-market, arrest and death-penalty sections, folds away the products block, and gives possession, cultivation and supply their penalty tables: 100–300 TMT or 15 days for small possession, up to five years above the threshold, 5–25 years for supply, and no death or life sentence. It records the unpublished quantity thresholds and the lack of data after 2016. Eleven entries cover 1961–2026.
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