Changelog 26 October 2026 6e5267d

history: every article properly sourced; fix citation bug, re-source top weak three

Article [@n] marks index the article's own front-matter sources, not the entry's. The six 26 October articles cited sources they never listed, so five rendered literal marks and one an empty body with a green build. All six now list their sources; history-scope.test.cjs pins the invariant. Korea 1976, Thailand 2022 and Bangladesh 1989 articles and entries gain read non-Wikipedia sources (KAIST Herald, Gwangju News, Tilleke & Gibbins, Business Standard, BRAC thesis, Laws of Bangladesh) with per-sentence citations. See docs/research/history-sourcing-pass-2026-10-26.md.

3 history entries edited 9 articles edited 2 files of code, design or docs +231 ~~−29~~ lines

History changes.yaml

Edited 3

Thailand removes cannabis from its narcotics list

sources

Tilleke & Gibbins — Thailand Removes Cannabis from the Narcotics List (June 2022) 1 unchanged

Bangladesh bans cannabis outright

sources

The Business Standard — British-era Naogaon cannabis society still basks in huge wealth (24 December 2021) Gajar Nouka: an Exploratory Look Into Dhaka Middle Class' Youth's Relationship to Cannabis Use Laws of Bangladesh — Narcotics Control Act, 1990 (Act No. 20 of 1990) 1 unchanged

South Korea passes the Cannabis Control Act

sources

The KAIST Herald — Mandatory Punishment, Optional Treatment (May 2023) Gwangju News — The Godfather of Korean Rock: Shin Jung-hyeon 1 unchanged

Articles and atlas entries 9

bangladesh-ban-1989 articles/bangladesh-ban-1989.md

text

Until the end of the 1980s a person in Bangladesh could buy ganja in a shop approved by the government.[@2] Thirty years later the same country wrote the death penalty for cannabis into its law.[@1] ## A colonial inheritance Under British rule ganja in Bengal was not banned but taxed: it was grown under licence and sold by licensed vendors, and the system survived independence and the creation of Bangladesh. ~~Government-approved shops were~~A growers' cooperative formed in Naogaon in 1917 served some 7,000 farmers working about 10,000 hectares under government patronage, and from 1918 to 1947 the trade yielded about 55,000 maunds a ~~holdover of that excise law~~year.[@2] ## Two steps to a ban Hussain Muhammad Ershad took power in a bloodless coup in 1982.[@1] His government [banned growing cannabis](/history/bangladesh-cultivation-ban-1987/) in 1987 and banned its sale in 1989.[@2,3] The ban left about 50,000 people from 7,000 families without their living; many switched to rice, mustard and vegetables, while the growers' cooperative warehouses were sealed with more than 226 maunds still stored.[@2] Since late 1989 cultivating, transporting, selling, buying and possessing it have all been illegal, and the Narcotics Control Act of 1990 made the ban complete: deemed in force on 2 January 1990, it repealed the colonial Opium, Excise, Dangerous Drugs and Opium Smoking Acts.[@3,4] ## What remained The plant did not go away. A UN profile of 2005 reported cultivation in … n honour of the folk singer Fakir Lalon Shah, the authorities reportedly tolerate its use.[@1] ## The other extreme The [Narcotics Control Act of 2018](/history/bangladesh-narcotics-co … ts other scores to the level of an ordinary prohibition; the 2018 Act lowered them again.

sources

belgium-drug-law-1921 articles/belgium-drug-law-1921.md

sources

Wikipedia — Cannabis in Belgium United Nations — Belgium, E/NL.1952/68: Articles 2 and 28 link the narcotics order to the 1921 Act

malta-dangerous-drugs-1939 articles/malta-dangerous-drugs-1939.md

sources

Wikipedia — Cannabis in Malta Legislation Malta — Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Chapter 101)

pakistan-punjab-excise-act-1914 articles/pakistan-punjab-excise-act-1914.md

sources

The Punjab Excise Act, 1914 (text as applied in India) The Balochistan Excise Regulation, 1915

south-korea-cannabis-control-act-1976 articles/south-korea-cannabis-control-act-1976.md

text

Koreans wove hemp for five thousand years and could smoke it without breaking any law until 1976.[@1] Since then South Korea has followed its citizens' cannabis use across borders. ## Hemp wi … n every province, and in the late 1950s about 9,000 hectares were still under cultivation.[@1] The [Narcotics Act of 1957](/history/south-korea-narcotics-act-1957/) listed "Indian marijuana" as a forbidden narcotic. It reached only the imported drug; Korean hemp went on being grown.[@1] ## The crackdown In the winter of 1975 the government of Park Chung-hee turned on the music scene. More than 50 entertainers were arrested, among them the rock guitarist Shin Jung-hyeon, who served four months.[@1] Shin's case shows the campaign's edge: arrested for marijuana possession in 1975, he was thrown into a psychiatric hospital, served prison time under torture, and stayed blacklisted from concerts and radio until Park's assassination in 1979.[@3] The Cannabis Control Act followed in 1976 and banned cannabis in all forms. It was merged into the Narcotics Control Act in 2000 without softening.[@2] Recreational use carries up to five years in prison or a fine of up to 50 million won.[@1] ## The law travels Korean criminal law applies to citizens abroad. On 16 October 2018, th … ss or carry cannabis overseas can be punished when they come home, even where it is legal.[@1] Celebrities remain the visible cases. Sentences have run from 25 days to 10 months; the rapper T.O.P received a suspended ten-month sentence in 2017.[@1] ## Two small openings On 23 November 2018 the National Assembly [allowed a few cannabis-derived medicines](/history/south-korea-medical-2018/) to be imported for patients, and imports began in early 2019.[@2] In 2020 the Andong area of North Gyeongsang was made a special zone where licensed industrial hemp may be grown.[@1] In the index the 1976 Act took [South Korea](/country/kr/) to the bottom of almost every segment in one step.

sources

The KAIST Herald — Mandatory Punishment, Optional Treatment (May 2023) Gwangju News — The Godfather of Korean Rock: Shin Jung-hyeon 1 unchanged

suriname-opium-law-1908 articles/suriname-opium-law-1908.md

sources

Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië

thailand-decriminalisation-2022 articles/thailand-decriminalisation-2022.md

text

In June 2022 Thailand went from prohibition to Asia's freest cannabis regime in a single day. It did so by deleting a line from a list, and never passed the law that was meant to follow.[@2] ## From prison to policy Cannabis had been banned in Thailand since the [Cannabis Act of … thailand-medical-2019/): Thailand became the first country in South-East Asia to allow it.[@1] The push beyond that came from one party. Anutin Charnvirakul, leader of Bhumjaithai, campaigned for legalisation and became health minister in 2019.[@1] ## 9 June 2022 On that day the cannabis flower was removed from the narcotics list. Possessing and growing the plant stopped being offences, and about 4,200 prisoners were released.[@1,2] The government had announced a giveaway of a million plants to households.[@1] Extracts with more than 0.2 per cent THC stayed controlled: from 9 June only cannabis extract above that line counted as a narcotic, while seeds, plants and inflorescence could be grown, sold and bought freely with no licences and no plant limit.[@2] What replaced the ban was thin: - Growers registered through an app; there was no limit on plants.[@1] - Sales to anyone under 20, or to pregnant or breastfeeding women, were barred.[@1] - Smoking in public could be punished as a nuisance, with a fine of up to 25,000 baht or three months in prison.[@1] - Foreign-owned companies were excluded from the trade.[@1] A cannabis law to regulate the new market was sent to parliament and was still pending a year later.[@1] ## The boom [Dispensaries](/history/thailand-dispensaries-open-2022/) had begun trading even before the delisting, and they multiplied. By 2025 more than 11,200 had been approved.[@1] ## The retreat The correction came in steps. In [February 2024](/history/thailand-thirty- … scores in the index. After the 2025 rule it stands at 2 for possession and 3 for access.

sources

Tilleke & Gibbins — Thailand Removes Cannabis from the Narcotics List (June 2022) 1 unchanged

us-state-bans-1913 articles/us-state-bans-1913.md

sources

Wikipedia — Legal history of cannabis in the United States California NORML — The Origins of California's 1913 Cannabis Law 1 unchanged

uzbekistan-soviet-ban-1934 articles/uzbekistan-soviet-ban-1934.md

sources

USSR — decree of 27 October 1934 on prohibiting opium-poppy and Indian-hemp crops, reproduced by Istmat

Code, design and documents 2 files

docs/research/history-sourcing-pass-2026-10-26.md +63 −0

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Sourcing pass: every article properly cited, top weak articles re-sourced
+
+Research checked on 26 October 2026. Read `DATA-MAINTENANCE.md`, `WRITING.md`
+and the cited sources before editing. No book was used.
+
+## A real citation bug, fixed
+
+Article `[@n]` marks resolve against the article's own front-matter `sources`
+(`markdownCitations` in `astro.config.mjs`), not the entry's. The six articles
+written on 26 October cited entry sources without listing them, so five rendered
+literal `[@1]` text and one (US 1913, the only one with a front-matter list)
+rendered an empty body — and the build stayed green in both cases. All six now
+list every source they cite in front-matter, duplicating entry sources per the
+Hong Kong-article convention; a rebuild shows 8–23 rendered citations per page
+and no literal marks. The audit below proves no older article had this problem.
+
+## Audit of all 945 articles
+
+- Citation integrity (marks ⊆ front-matter sources, every listed source cited):
+  clean except the six new ones, now fixed.
+- 690 articles carry no inline marks. That is allowed by design ("Texts without
+  marks still work"); converting them is writing work, not a sourcing defect.
+- 25 articles rested only on weak sources (Wikipedia and similar, no primary,
+  official, news or academic source). The three highest-impact ones are
+  re-sourced in this pass; 22 remain (list at the end).
+
+## Regression test
+
+`scripts/history-scope.test.cjs` gains "every article's inline citations resolve
+to its own front-matter sources": marks must be front-matter numbers within
+range, every listed source cited. It runs in the existing `npm run history:test`
+gate (40 tests passing).
+
+## Articles and entries re-sourced
+
+- `south-korea-cannabis-control-act-1976` (entry too): + KAIST Herald feature
+  on the 1976 Act/2000 code (read in full) and Gwangju News on Shin Jung-hyeon's
+  1975 arrest, imprisonment, torture and blacklist (read in full). Article
+  converted to per-sentence citations. The 9,000-hectare, 50-entertainer and
+  penalty figures still rest on Wikipedia.
+- `thailand-decriminalisation-2022` (entry too): + Tilleke & Gibbins legal
+  analysis of the 9 June 2022 Gazette notification (read in full). Article
+  converted to per-sentence citations; linked entries cover the rest.
+- `bangladesh-ban-1989` (entry too): + The Business Standard Naogaon report
+  (read in full), a 2018 BRAC University thesis confirming the 1987/1989 dates
+  and the 1990 completion (read via pdftotext), and the Laws of Bangladesh page
+  for the 1990 Act (Bengali original read for the section 56 repeals; sections
+  9/19 rest on the checked 1990 entry's locator). Article converted to
+  per-sentence citations.
+
+No scores, profiles or timelines changed. The DNC district-portal history
+(1987 cultivation stop, shops lifted) could not be opened (bad certificate,
+404) and was not cited; the BRAC thesis covers the same dates.
+
+## Still weak-only (22)
+
+comoros-ban-restored-1978, comoros-legalisation-1975, trinidad-ganja-ordinance-1925,
+finland-use-criminalised-1972, sri-lanka-ayurveda-act-1961, china-xinjiang-hashish-trade-ended-1934,
+sweden-prison-for-use-1993, switzerland-possession-legal-2023, new-zealand-referendum-2020,
+brazil-verao-da-lata-1987, us-legalisation-wave-2016, us-anti-drug-abuse-act-1986, us-dc-initiative-71-2015,
+us-dea-judge-young-1988, us-la-guardia-report-1944, us-leary-1969, us-ravin-v-state-1975, us-toklas-cookbook-1954,
+uk-misuse-of-drugs-act-1973, canada-narcotic-control-act-1961, germany-narcotics-law-1971,
+venezuela-drug-suspension-bar-struck-2017.

scripts/history-scope.test.cjs +35 −0

@@ -966,2 +966,37 @@ test("no history entry is dated in the future: history is what has happened", ()
   assert.deepEqual(ahead, [], "date a law that applies later by its adoption or entry into force; see docs/DATA-MAINTENANCE.md");
 });
+
+test("every article's inline citations resolve to its own front-matter sources", () => {
+  // Article [@n] marks index the article's front-matter `sources`, not the
+  // entry's (astro.config.mjs markdownCitations). An article that cites with
+  // no front-matter sources renders the marks as literal text, which the
+  // build does not catch: this test does.
+  const files = fs.readdirSync("articles").filter((f) => f.endsWith(".md"));
+  assert.ok(files.length > 900, `expected hundreds of articles, found ${files.length}`);
+  const bad = [];
+  for (const f of files) {
+    const id = f.slice(0, -3);
+    const raw = fs.readFileSync(`articles/${f}`, "utf8");
+    const m = raw.match(/^---\n([\s\S]*?)\n---\n/);
+    if (!m) { bad.push(`${id}: no front matter`); continue; }
+    const front = y.load(m[1]) || {};
+    const body = raw.slice(m[0].length);
+    const marks = [];
+    for (const [, inner] of body.matchAll(/\[@([^\]]+)\]/g)) {
+      for (const k of inner.split(",").map((s) => s.trim())) {
+        if (!/^\d+$/.test(k)) { bad.push(`${id}: [@${k}] is not a front-matter source number`); continue; }
+        marks.push(Number(k));
+      }
+    }
+    const count = (front.sources || []).length;
+    if (!marks.length) continue;
+    if (!count) { bad.push(`${id}: cites ${[...new Set(marks)].join(",")} with no front-matter sources`); continue; }
+    for (const k of new Set(marks)) {
+      if (k < 1 || k > count) bad.push(`${id}: [@${k}] names no source (it has ${count})`);
+    }
+    for (let i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
+      if (!marks.includes(i)) bad.push(`${id}: cites inline but never cites [@${i}]`);
+    }
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(bad, []);
+});