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+# Türkiye's sentencing and cultivation gaps, 1933–1991
+
+Reviewed 26 October 2026. Read DATA-MAINTENANCE.md, its commencement and
+score-chain workflow, WRITING.md, BOOKS.md, the earlier Ottoman-history note
+and the existing Turkish events/articles. Used the PDF skill for read-only
+inspection of original parliamentary law scans. No book was used.
+
+## Sources read
+
+All numbered laws below are the original text in the Turkish parliament's
+Kanunlar Dergisi collection, downloaded and extracted locally under
+`tmp/pdfs/turkey-penalties-2026-10-26/`. Bibliographic locators distinguish
+printed pages from PDF pages. Critical 1953 penalty/commencement clauses,
+1979 cultivation rules and 1990 repeal wording were also rendered and visually
+inspected. This pass did not rely on the present consolidation to date or
+reconstruct historical amendments.
+
+- [Law 2313](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc012/kanuntbmmc012/kanuntbmmc01202313.pdf),
+ printed pp. 1028–1031, all four PDF pages: Article 3's original wording
+ refers to the plant described as serving exclusively for making esrar
+ (Indian hemp), and prohibits preparation, import, export and sale of the
+ drug. Article 22 requires seizure; Article 23 requires destruction following
+ a joint health/agricultural report and prescribes **one to six months** for
+ growing in breach of the ban. Article 30 replaces earlier Law 1369; Article
+ 31 commences on publication. Header: adopted 12 June, published **24 June
+ 1933**, Gazette 2435. The original does not contain the later blanket hemp
+ permit regime, so it cannot be presented as if the modern wording operated
+ from 1933.
+- [Law 4055](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc022/kanuntbmmc022/kanuntbmmc02204055.pdf),
+ printed pp. 720–722: revised Articles 403–404 prescribe **two to six months**
+ and a fine for drug use or possession, with internal exile for repeat
+ offending and hospital confinement for people considered dependent.
+ Domestic supply/manufacture/import/export are separately punishable with
+ prison, a fine and internal exile. Article 2 commences on publication;
+ the header gives **6 June 1941**, not adoption on 2 June.
+- [Law 6123](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc035/kanuntbmmc035/kanuntbmmc03506123.pdf),
+ printed pp. 841–843 and 852 (PDF pp. 11–13 and 22): Article 403(2)
+ explicitly includes **esrar** with heroin/cocaine/morphine in the life
+ sentence for unauthorised manufacture, import or export; (5)–(7) prescribe
+ death in specified aggravated cases. Article 406 adds professional/other
+ capital aggravations. Article 404(2) prescribes **three to five years** plus
+ a fine for use or possession for use, repeat-offence exile and hospital
+ confinement. Article 4 explicitly commences **1 August 1953**, despite
+ adoption on 9 July and publication on 15 July. The first search leads did
+ not substitute for this final commencement clause.
+- [Law 647](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc048/kanuntbmmc048/kanuntbmmc04800647.pdf),
+ printed pp. 669–670 (PDF pp. 5–6): provisional Article 2 abolishes internal
+ exile in the criminal code and special laws. Article 20 gives publication
+ commencement for this provision; the staged exceptions concern other
+ provisions. Publication **16 July 1965**, Gazette 12050. This is a general
+ sentencing repeal applied to the specifically documented cannabis/drug
+ exile clauses, not a claim that drug imprisonment or death was abolished.
+- [Law 2236](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc062/kanuntbmmc062/kanuntbmmc06202236.pdf),
+ printed p. 211, complete one-page law: replaces Articles 3, 23 and 28,
+ prescribing at least one year and a 2,000–10,000-lira fine for prohibited
+ drug-cannabis cultivation, agricultural reports, crop destruction, recovery
+ of costs, equipment funding and rewards. Article 2 commences on publication,
+ **31 May 1979**, Gazette 16652, rather than adoption on 22 May.
+- [Law 3652](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc073/kanuntbmmc073/kanuntbmmc07303652.pdf),
+ printed p. 445, complete one-page law: expressly requires permission for
+ fibre, seed, stalk and similar hemp growing, prohibits unlicensed growing
+ for any purpose, retains crop destruction/cost recovery and specifies a
+ fine for permit/area/location violations. The criminal drug-cultivation
+ clause retains at least one year's prison. Article 2 and the header give
+ **30 May 1990** commencement, not adoption on 23 May.
+- [Law 3679](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc07403679.pdf),
+ printed pp. 92–94 (PDF pp. 5–7): Article 23 replaces the Article 406
+ life-to-death aggravations with life served with an initial isolation
+ period; Article 27 replaces death with life in Article 403(5)–(7) and
+ Article 407(2). Article 29 commences on publication, **29 November 1990**,
+ Gazette 20710, after adoption on 21 November. This is the drug death-penalty
+ repeal; some secondary summaries incorrectly attribute it to June 1991.
+- [Law 3756](https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc07403756.pdf),
+ printed pp. 490–491 and 494 (PDF pp. 2–3 and 6): Articles 6–7 replace drug
+ trafficking and personal-use rules. Personal use/possession for use becomes
+ **one to two years**; approaching authorities for treatment before an
+ investigation protects against prosecution for use. Hospital confinement
+ for people considered dependent remains. Article 27 and the publication
+ header give **14 June 1991** commencement, after adoption on 6 June.
+- [Amnesty International, Death Penalty News, June 1991](https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/act530031991en.pdf),
+ ACT 53/03/91, p. 1, Turkey section: read the execution moratorium since 1984,
+ continuing capital sentences/ratification queue, November 1990 reform and
+ April 1991 commutation rules. The drug-smuggling prisoners are not identified
+ by substance: no cannabis-only prisoner count is inferred. The article uses
+ under 200 words from this report and the other sources are statutory texts.
+
+The original 2006 Law 5560 HTML was opened as a cross-check of the already
+recorded treatment/probation endpoint. Search leads for a 1971 Law 1490 drug
+reform did not establish one and were not added.
+
+## What changed
+
+Six checked events fill the mid-century and pre-probation sequence: 1941,
+1953, 1965, 1979, November 1990 and June 1991. Three new articles explain
+capital penalties, crop destruction and capital repeal. The 1933 article is
+rewritten against the original statute, replacing its retrospective use of
+later rules and removing its claim that no later amendment moved a score.
+The 1933 and May 1990 event dates now follow publication commencement, and
+both descriptions use their original texts with numbered citations.
+
+The two new scored steps concern enforcement only. The 1941 custodial rule
+supports band 1 before 1953. The 1953 capital clauses take enforcement to 0;
+the 1990 removal restores the custodial band 1 before the already scored 2006
+probation reform. Each new vector retains possession/cultivation/sharing/use
+at 1 and access at 0, matching the inherited neighbouring vector. The chain
+therefore displays **1933: 100→9; 1953: 9→7; 1990: 7→9; 2006: 9→11**.
+Today's profile is byte-identical. Existing before-vectors are unchanged.
+The exile repeal is easing but capital exposure keeps enforcement at 0;
+the 1979 cultivation and 1991 use changes remain within their existing prison
+bands. Their explicit `unscored` explanations distinguish actual statutory
+changes from changes large enough to move a segment.
+
+## Remaining questions
+
+The original 1933 law expressly replaces an earlier narcotics statute, and
+the Ottoman research already documents much earlier restrictions. Its inherited
+100→9 allocation still needs a joint reconstruction of the late Ottoman and
+early republican rules, including the 1926 criminal code and the 1928 law.
+This batch preserves that starting allocation; it does not verify that cannabis
+was free before 1933. The 1941 event likewise does not claim first criminalisation.
+The original 2005 code, the full 2014 personal-use revision and current-profile
+medical-access claims remain separate follow-up work, not findings of this pass.
+
+## Validation
+
+Strict semantic comparison checks all baseline records, both intended existing
+edits, the six additions, unchanged historical vectors and the byte-identical
+current profile. All four articles have 350–500 words and three or four sections;
+every source is used and all numbered references and history links resolve.
+The 39 history tests and 16 answer/profile tests pass. Production-build and
+rendered/browser results follow after verification. Unrelated source archives
+remain outside this batch.
+
+Final results: the production build passed with **4,197 pages**. Rendered checks
+passed for all six additions, the four articles, country page, history index and
+six relevant decade pages. All numbered citation targets resolve uniquely,
+internal history links exist, exact commencement dates render and every new
+entry appears in the history export. The country API score series is exactly
+`[[1860,100],[1933,9],[1953,7],[1990,9],[2006,11]]`. The browser confirmed the
+country chart, all 28 country-history entries, the filtered Turkish listing
+and the capital-repeal article's references. Generated site files and the
+preview server are removed after verification; local research and logs remain.