The earliest description of a coconut-based water pipe comes from the Cape Verde islands in 1672, recorded in John Fryer's account of travels begun that year and published in 1698.[1][2] The islands sat on Portugal's main shipping route into the Indian Ocean, where traders were active above all in East Africa — Mozambique, Madagascar and the Comoros — and India, the likely source of the pipe form.[1] Portuguese sailors had met coconut-based pipes in the Indian Ocean by the mid-1600s, and the form reached the Portuguese Atlantic soon after.[1]
Listed for context. No score change is recorded for Cabo Verde here.
References
- The African Roots of MarijuanaChris S. Duvall · Duke University Press · 2019 · ch. 3, printed p. 61 with note 62 (p. 255); 1672 Cape Verde coconut-pipe description, Portuguese shipping route, Indian Ocean origin · ISBN 9781478004530
- A New Account of East India and PersiaJohn Fryer · Richard Chiswell · 1698 · p. 8; travels begun 1672 (cited via Duvall 2019)
Checked. The date and the event were compared with a source that was read.