Afghanistan countries/af.yaml
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cann
Afghan Studies Center — The myth of Afghan Black, a cultural history of cannabis cultivation and hashish production 5 unchanged
The available cannabis-specific legislation sets prison terms rather than death for trafficking.[@sherloc]
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There is no legal way to get cannabis. Hashish remains widely used despite the bans: offenders are tried by sharia courts, facing imprisonment and flogging, and drug users have been rounded up into compulsory treatment camps.[@am,aan] A 2025 Taliban ruling gave seven months to three and a half years plus lashes in a hashish trafficking case.[@afj]
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Afghanistan long ranked among the world's largest hashish producers; [a 2023 Taliban decree banned all cannabis cultivation](/history/afghanistan-taliban-cultivation-ban-2023/), with crops destroyed and growers sent to court.[@am] The ban has been enforced less thoroughly than the opium ban, and hashish remains widely used.[@aan]
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Afghanistan has a *chars* (resin) tradition: manufacture by sieving probably dates back to the nineteenth century, and growing cannabis and trading *chars* was a major economic asset around Balkh and the Khyber at the turn of the twentieth century.[@asc] Babur described eating *majoun*, a hashish confection, in his memoirs; nineteenth-century travellers from Elphinstone (1809) to Ferrier (1858) record Afghans drinking bhang and smoking chillums.[@asc]
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Afghan hemp has a documented wild-to-crop story: Vavilov observed that hemp farmers collected seeds from wild Afghan types to enrich their fields, and Clarke traces hashish from *Cannabis indica* forma *afghanica* in the north to a first report in 1965.[@asc]
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