Monaco countries/mc.yaml
SixPersonal possession and use can bring six months to three years in prison for use or possessiona fine. Group use, usually suspended or finedcultivation, supply and imports face higher statutory penalties; even CBD is prohibitedretail products have also been prosecuted.
Article 5 of Law 890 of 1970 on narcotics punishes unlawful use, andPersonal possession for personal use, withcarries six months to three years in prison, a €2,250–9,000 fine, or one ofeither penalty alone under the two[1970 narcotics law](/history/monaco-narcotics-law-1970/) and Penal Code article 26. Courts usually impose suspended sentences or fines — one heavy user[@l890,trafficpenal] In an [April 2025 case](/history/monaco-pensioner-cannabis-cbd-conviction-2025/), a first offender received ten monthsone month suspended — and police sometimes settle for a warningwith treatment obligations.[@mt25]
l890, mt2trafficpenal, mt25
Unlawful growingcultivation carries five to ten years in prison and a category-four fine under Article 2 of Law 890 of 1970, normally €18,000–90,000, whose maximum may be multiplied tenfold to €900,000.[@l890,trafficpenal]
l890, wikitrafficpenal
Prosecutions are routineA first offender prosecuted over cannabis and CBD products in April 2025 received a small, heavily policed state, but outcomes are mostly suspended sentencesmonth in prison with two years of probation and finestreatment obligations.[@mt25] The case shows that products bought across the French border can still lead to prosecution in Monaco.[@mt25]
mt2, mt1mt25
Article 2 of Law 890 punishes offeringSupply, selling, buying, transportingincluding a gift or supplying narcotics on any basis, and helping another person tosomeone else use themdrugs, withcarries five to ten years in prison and a fine up to €900,000.[@l890,trafficpenal] The ordinary prison and fine penalties double where a minor is involvedfor specified offences involving minors or the offence takes place inprotected places; importing or nearexporting drugs has a school or prisonseparate ten-to-twenty-year range and a fine up to €1.8 million.[@l890,trafficpenal]
l890, trafficpenal
Use is itself an offence under Law 890, and it is prosecuted: in April 2025 a pensioner with a clean record was tried for possession andIndividual use over about 15 g found at his home and given one monthcarries six months to three years in prison or a €2, suspended250–9, with an obligation000 fine, or both.[@l890,trafficpenal] Using drugs in a group falls under the harsher article 2: five to undergo careten years and a fine whose ceiling may reach €900,000.[@l890,trafficpenal]
mt25l890, wikitrafficpenal
None. In a 2025 trial the prosecutor cited a ministerial order banningThere is no recreational retail exception; cannabis and its derivatives, CBD are prohibited under article 32.[@order] That rule separately exempts pharmaceutical products included, even at low THC levelsholding the required medicines authorisation.[@order]
mt25, wikiorder
nonemedical
NoneCannabis businesses need a specific legal exception to operate: the general rule prohibits production, manufacture and trade.[@order] The Minister of State may grant research and control exemptions or permit manufacture of authorised derivatives.[@order] Authorised pharmaceutical products and industrial varieties have separate routes, but an operating domestic cannabis producer was not verified in this review.[@order]
wikiorder
None. Even CBD products are treated as prohibited, and people have been tried for holding them.
mt1
No medicalAuthorised pharmaceutical medicines containing cannabis or THC are exempt from the general prohibition under article 32.[@order] This [2019 change](/history/monaco-authorised-cannabis-medicines-2019/) depends on the product holding the required medicines authorisation.[@order2019,order] Ordinary CBD retail products have nevertheless been prosecuted, as the 2025 case illustrates.[@mt25]
wikiorder, mt1order2019, mt25
A conviction is a criminal record, whichcannabis case can affect permission to enter Monaco, although exclusion must have a residence permitsufficient public-order basis.[@expulsion2025] In [December 2025](/history/monaco-cannabis-entry-ban-overturned-2025/), the Supreme Tribunal annulled an exclusion order where occasional personal cannabis use punished by a fixed fine was the only established misconduct.[@expulsion2025] For supply and certain other drug offences, the narcotics law separately permits five to twenty years’ territorial exclusion for foreigners.[@l890]
mt1expulsion2025, l890
Article 2 of Law 890 of 1970 punishes unlawfully growingThe cannabis plant is included in the general prohibition, holding, buying or selling narcotics withwhile industrial varieties require a ministerial authorisation.[@order] Unlawful cultivation carries five to ten years in prison under article 2. The law does not mention[@l890] A separate retail rule for ungerminated seeds was not verified in the provisions reviewed.[@order,l890]
order, l890
No cannabis clubs are known, and the law leavesThere is no room for them: growing cannabis and supplying itrecreational club exception to the cannabis prohibition.[@order] Supplying drugs without payment, facilitating another person’s use and group consumption are both prohibitedall covered by article 2 of the narcotics law.[@l890]
l890order, wikil890
There isVisitors have no legal recreational supply for anyonepurchasing route, soand crossing from France does not create a visitor has no lawful way to buy cannabisretail exception. The sources behind this profile describe no[@order] Importing drugs falls under a separate ruleand much harsher provision than domestic possession for visitorspersonal use.[@l890] An administrative entry ban can be challenged: the [2025 Supreme Tribunal ruling](/history/monaco-cannabis-entry-ban-overturned-2025/) required a sufficient factual basis for a public-order risk.[@expulsion2025]
wikiorder, l890, expulsion2025
Penal Code article 391-15 criminalises driving a land vehicleDriving after use of substances or plantsusing a substance classified as narcotics. It does not require the separate alcohol offence's intoxication standard. The current text providesa narcotic carries one month to two years' imprisonment in prison and a €2,250–9,000 fine, or either penalty alone. Article 391-15-1 allows drug screening[@trafficpenal] Police may screen drivers in specified circumstances including suspected offences, certain traffic violations, crashes and preventive operations authorised by the Minister of State. Aa positive screenresult leads to a medical, chemical or biological examination, such as blood analysis; refusal carries the ordinary drug-driving penaltiesis also punishable.[@trafficpenal] The 2025 reform adds higher sanctions for specified professional drivers on duty:provides six months to three years and €9,000–18,000, or either alone, for specified professional drivers on duty.[@trafficpenal] For the ordinary offence, complementaryadditional penalties include licence suspension up to two years’ licence suspension, cancellation with a reapplication bar up to five years before reapplication, or a Monaco driving ban up to five years for foreign-licence holders. No numerical THC allowance was established in the provisions reviewed.[@trafficpenal]
Legimonaco — Ministerial Order 91-368, consolidated poisonous-substances rules Legimonaco — Ministerial Order 2019-490 of 29 May 2019 Legimonaco — Supreme Tribunal, e.A v Monaco, 1 December 2025 6 unchanged
EUR
label Possession for personal use · treatment criminal · term Détention aux fins d’usage personnel · prison min 6 months · prison 3 years · fine min 2250 · fine 9000 · note Prison or a fine, or both
EUR
label Unlawful cultivation · treatment criminal · term Culture illicite de stupéfiants · prison min 5 years · prison 10 years · fine min 18000 · fine 900000 · note The statute permits a tenfold increase in the ordinary category-four fine ceiling
EUR
label Supply or facilitation, including without payment · treatment criminal · term Cession ou facilitation d’usage · prison min 5 years · prison 10 years · fine min 18000 · fine 900000, label Supply involving minors or protected places · treatment criminal · term Circonstances aggravantes · prison min 10 years · prison 20 years · fine min 36000 · fine 1800000, label Import or export · treatment criminal · term Importation ou exportation illicite · prison min 10 years · prison 20 years · fine min 18000 · fine 1800000
EUR
label Individual use · treatment criminal · term Usage illicite · prison min 6 months · prison 3 years · fine min 2250 · fine 9000 · note Prison or a fine, or both, label Group use · treatment criminal · term Usage en réunion · prison min 5 years · prison 10 years · fine min 18000 · fine 900000
Adults have no lawful recreational cannabis shops or personal cultivation allowance.[@order] Retail products sold as CBD in neighbouring France have also led to prosecution in Monaco, including sprays and chewing gum in the [2025 pensioner case](/history/monaco-pensioner-cannabis-cbd-conviction-2025/).[@mt25] Group use can attract the same statutory penalty as supply, making the legal distinction between individual and shared consumption significant.[@l890]
order, mt25, l890
A low THC label does not by itself provide permission to buy cannabis products in Monaco: a 2025 prosecution included CBD spray and chewing gum.[@mt25] Article 32 permits industrial or commercial use of non-narcotic cannabis varieties only through a ministerial authorisation route.[@order] The rule itself sets no general numerical THC exemption for retail flower.[@order]
mt25, order
none
Researchers can seek an exemption from the Minister of State for cannabis research or control work under article 32.[@order] That permission is separate from ordinary possession or recreational supply.[@order] The rule also allows manufacture of authorised derivatives.[@order]
order
licensed
word cannabis · lang French · meaning the legal and ordinary term · sources order, word résine · lang French · meaning cannabis resin; the legal term · sources order, word joint · lang French · meaning a cannabis cigarette; used in court reporting · sources mt25