history: add Nigeria 1966 decree article from Klantschnig chapter

In Soon after soldiers seized power in 1966, Nigeria made growing cannabis punishable by's military government issued the Indian Hemp Decree: death for cultivating cannabis, twenty-one years for importing it, and tough penalties for use and possession. The[@1] It was the country's first drug law came from soldiers who had held power forfocused on a few monthssingle substance, and it had more tried to do with their fear of disorder than with the drugend a complex social problem by eliminating supply and criminals.[@1] ## A problem the colony ignored Under British ruleboom discovered Police reporting on cannabis was covered byexpanded sharply in the Dangerous Drugs Ordinances of [1927](/history/nigeria-dangerous-drugs-ordinance-1927/) and [1935](/history/nigeria-dangerous-drugs-1935/)early 1960s, written to satisfyand the Geneva conventions. The colonial government did not treat it as press sensationalised a local problem. Its reports to international bodies said Indian hemp was not grownboom in Nigeria, even after a Lagos.[police squad@1](/history/nigeria-police-narcotics-squad-1953/) formed in 1953 found otherwise. After independence in 1960 the trade grew quickly. Seizures rose from tell the story: 823 kilograms nationwide in 1961 to [, then 7.2 tons](/history/nigeria-cannabis-seizures-jump-1962/) the next year. ## The coup In 1966 a military government took over after political violence, with twenty-eight farms identified in 1962.[@1] Police arrested three to five hundred Nigerians a year for possession or cultivation in the first half of coups and counter-coups. Newspapers had been linking cannabis to thuggery and to the unrest decade, mostly in Lagos — far more than the Western Region, andnarcotics squad's handful of cases in the new rulers took upearly 1950s.[@1] Part of the theme: indiscipline among the youngincrease was vigilance rather than growth, and among soldiersbut use had been rising steadily since the war.[@1] ## The decree The Indian Hemp Decree wasCocoa and soldiers A downturn in cocoa mattered: as prices fell, farmers in the first Nigerian drug law aboutfertile forest belt turned to a single substance. - **Cultivation:** death. - **Importation:** twenty-one yearscrop that was cheap and easy to produce, and Nigeria's cannabis centre sits in prisonthe cocoa belt to this day.[@1] Smoking spread from ex- **Usesoldiers and possession:** tough penaltiesport workers, who used it as wellan aid to physical labour, to far wider classes, helped by a retail price that was a fraction of prices elsewhere. It set aside[@1] Newspapers tied the one medical voice availablespread to urban deviance and to political violence in the Western Region before the civil war, casting cannabis as a danger to youth. The psychiatrist [Thomas@1] ## Doctors sidelined Psychiatrists around Adeoye Lambo](/history/nigeria-lambo-addiction-study-1965/) had published a study the year before treatingput cannabis use ason the national agenda and urged a matter for medicinemix of medical, educationeducational, legal and long-term social policy socioeconomic measures.[@1] The decree shared very littlealmost nothing with ittheir views. Drug control became[@1] The military governors framed hemp smoking, and stayed even among schoolchildren, a police matteras proof of the indiscipline rotting the country, and used the decree to demonstrate determination and reassert control — including over their own cannabis-using rank and file.[@1] Police officials monopolised drug control from 1966 on.[@1] ## What happened next The harsh line held, loosely The civil war that began in 1967 interrupted enforcementthe new policy and, by one account, made spread cannabis more popularuse further, including among the soldiers themselvesbehind the decree. In [@1] Use and cultivation kept growing despite the harsh laws, so the decree was amended in 1975 with reduced penalties.[@1] Yet the 1966 decree, the colonial ordinance and the military approach to social reform stayed the base of Nigeria's punitive, supply-oriented control.[@1] The timeline runs through the [1984 Decree 20](/history/nigeria-deathdecree-penalty20-removed-19751984/) and the penalties were reduced. In the index the [1989 NDLEA law](/history/nigeria-ndlea-decree took -1989/); the [Nigeria's profile](/country/ng/) enforcement score tofollows the bottom of the scalelater history.[@1]

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Wikipedia — Cannabis in Nigeria 1 unchanged