The UAE halves its minimum sentence
unscored
Minimum halved within the already-maximal state; the scored easing sits with the 2021 decree-law.
Changelog 7811541
3 history entries added3 history entries edited1 history entry removed1 article written1 file of code, design or docs +183 −10 lines
Minimum halved within the already-maximal state; the scored easing sits with the 2021 decree-law.
Four-year minimum within the already-maximal estimated state; no segment movement.
Visitor-focused deportation and supply-side penalties; no user-band movement for the scored population.
docs/research/history-uae-1955-1971.md +55 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# UAE 1955–1971 — replacing the 1925 estimate + +Replaces `ae-first-restriction-estimate` (1925 Geneva window) with three dated, +scored entries from a read primary-season source. + +## Source read + +Hashim Abdullah Sulaiman Sarhan, *Drugs Abuse in the United Arab Emirates*, +PhD thesis, Department of Social Policy, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, +1995, Chapter 4, pp.108–109. Local file `/tmp/sarhan95.txt` (PDF at +https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/bitstream/10443/173/1/sarhan95.pdf). +The chapter cites the British Public Record Office file +`F0371/114755` (Dangerous Drugs Legislation) and the Abu Dhabi Gazette +No.20, 1973 — neither read directly; they are the thesis's citations. + +## What the thesis states + +- 1950s: drugs trade in the Trucial States expands; Britain issues a special + Dangerous Drugs Regulation in 1955 (PRO F0371/114755), ten articles. + Art.1 bans sale/supply except al-Maktum Hospital (Dubai) and American + Mission Hospital (Sharjah) or under Political Agent licence; Art.2 access via + approved practitioners; Art.3 no prescription without treatment; Art.4 no + import/export without permission; Art.5 aiding foreign offences; Art.6 + attempts; Art.7 penalties (max 3 years, 5,000 Indian rupees fine, forfeiture); + Art.8 drug list: raw opium + derivatives, coca leaves + preparations, + Indian hemp + preparations. +- The rulers did NOT apply the regulation and were not asked to enact + ordinances; they preferred Islamic law. The Political Agent and the rulers + alike held the regulation plus Islamic law adequate. +- 1960s: opium, hashish and qat on sale, especially Dubai and Sharjah, + "without restriction from the Rulers". Opium and hashish the two most-used + drugs. A dealer was punished by the Ruler of Sharjah for importing opium + and hashish from Iran (interview, 17 Jan 1992). +- 1970: Abu Dhabi government issues the first Dangerous Drugs Act — max 5 + years or 10,000 Bahraini dinars fine; qat added 16 July 1973. Applied only + in Abu Dhabi. +- 1971: Dubai issues its dangerous drugs law; remaining emirates have none + but most apply Dubai's law (same penalties). + +## Scoring rationale + +1955 (ban, 100→62): first written prohibition incl. Indian hemp with real +penalties, but no secular enforcement machinery — rulers stood aside and the +1960s market stayed open. A large first-ban drop, moderated for +non-application. 1970 (tightening, 62→44): first locally made and applied +law, but Abu Dhabi only. 1971 (tightening, 44→0): shared prohibition across +the emirates months before federation, with 5-year maxima — the maximal +state the 1995/2016/2021 entries already assumed. + +## Open leads (not yet chased) + +- Full text of the 1955 regulation (PRO F0371/114755, UK National Archives). +- Abu Dhabi Gazette No.20, 1973 (1970 Act text, 1973 qat addition). +- Text/date of Dubai's 1971 dangerous drugs law. +- Which emirates did NOT apply Dubai's law ("most of them" applied it).