Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog 7042768

history: fill Guernsey gap and verify early drug-law commencement

5 history entries added1 history entry edited1 article written2 files of code, design or docs +353 −3 lines

History changes.yaml

Added 5

Edited 1

Guernsey first restricts cannabis

description

NoThe first law is recorded here forcannabis restriction in Guernsey has not been established. Its first restrictionsA law that took effect on 7 March 1931 required authority for cannabis are assumed to date from betweenpossession and supply throughout the Bailiwick. Earlier pharmacy and poison rules remain to be checked; 1925 Geneva conventionis a timeline estimate, which put Indian hemp under international control, andnot the 1961 Single Convention, which requireddate of a ban on non-medical useverified cannabis law.

sources

Guernsey — dangerous-drugs law registered 7 March 1931 1 unchanged

window

1925, 1931

Articles and atlas entries 1

Code, design and documents 2 files

docs/DATA-MAINTENANCE.md +15 −0
@@ -1884,2 +1884,17 @@ unresolved; no score or profile change. The original preamble supplies new 1924,
 1937, 1955 and 1971 research leads. See
 `docs/research/history-french-polynesia-1978-2026-10-26.md` for sources, dates and limits.
+
+### Guernsey's early licensed controls and actual commencement dates (26 October 2026)
+
+Recovered original law volumes and the 1967/1976 commencement ordinances through
+Guernsey Legal Resources. Five entries and an article fill the recorded 1925–2019
+gap: possession/supply authority in 1931, the 1949 extract schedule, replacement
+controls in March 1967, the main 1974-law commencement in June 1976, and the Guest
+premises appeal in 2003. The largest recorded interval falls from 94 to 27 years.
+The 1931 law starts on registration, 7 March, not the modern campaign summary's
+1934 date. The 1966 law starts 22 March 1967; its separate implementing ordinance
+starts 1 May. The 1974 law has stages on 31 March and 1 June 1976. The earlier
+first restriction and enforcement score bands remain unresolved. Its estimated
+window is narrowed to 1925–1931, changing historical interpolation while keeping
+all score vectors and the current country score unchanged. See `docs/research/history-guernsey-early-gap-2026-10-26.md` for original
+sources, the 1924/1927 checks, limits and remaining primary-text leads.

docs/research/history-guernsey-early-gap-2026-10-26.md +157 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Guernsey: early drug controls — 26 October 2026
+
+Read DATA-MAINTENANCE, WRITING and BOOKS guidance. The inherited timeline's largest
+post-1800 interval was 94 calendar years, from the estimated 1925 first restriction
+to June 2019. This batch adds five events (1931, 1949, 1967, 1976, 2003) and a
+399-word article. The largest recorded interval becomes 27 years (1976–2003).
+Intervals include the unresolved estimate and do not prove unchanged law between events.
+
+## Primary sources recovered
+
+Guernsey Legal Resources initially returned Cloudflare verification to command-line
+and web-reader requests. Ordinary browser navigation completed automatically and
+made the archive accessible. Downloaded the visible file links with the browser's
+file-link download API. No credentials, CAPTCHA answer or access workaround used.
+The archive is jointly maintained by the Royal Court and Law Officers.
+
+### 1931 law: actual commencement and contents
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=275457
+Ordres en Conseil IX (1931–1934), appendix pp.421–439, PDF422–440.
+The appendix expressly groups items outside chronological order. Its cover-period
+ending in 1934 is not the law's date.
+
+Read the petition and royal approval (pp.421–423), articles I–III (424–425),
+inspection/penalties (427–430), repeals and commencement (433), definitions
+(434–435), and possession, supply, professional authority and records (435–438).
+Visually checked printed pp.421, 433 and 436. Article XVI explicitly commences on
+registration; the heading records **7 March 1931**. Royal approval was 12 February.
+The 1966 original law, definition section p.10, independently identifies the same
+1931 law and its registration date.
+
+- Indian hemp: dried female flowering/fruiting tops, resin and resin-based
+  preparations (Schedule B). Do not transplant the modern whole-plant definition.
+- Authority needed for possession and attempted possession, supply/procurement,
+  offering to supply/procure and advertising (Schedule C 1–3).
+- Imports into Guernsey through Great Britain, into the other islands through
+  Guernsey, and restricted inter-island export, with prescribed formalities (I–II).
+- Qualified doctors, chemists and veterinary surgeons have professional authority;
+  analysts have possession authority. These permissions do not establish stocked
+  medicines or a modern patient programme (Schedule C 5).
+- Separate registers, normally same-day entries, two-year retention after last entry;
+  withdrawal of convicted licensees' authority with appeal (Schedule C 4–6).
+- Article VII distinguishes ten years' penal servitude, two years' imprisonment and
+  a £1,000 fine on indictment from twelve months/£250 in police court. This is a
+  statutory maximum framework, not proof of typical sentences or small-user practice.
+
+A modern campaign PDF gives 1934. The original registration and commencement text
+are stronger evidence. The campaign's chronology is not a source for the new entries.
+
+### 1924 and 1927 predecessors examined
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=275455
+Ordres en Conseil VII, 1924 law pp.203–221, including Schedule A,
+raw-opium schedules and professional permissions. Read the main law and schedules.
+Schedule A names opiates, cocaine and ecgonine; no cannabis/Indian-hemp entry found.
+Its petition identifies an earlier **27 August 1921** ordinance and references the
+1914 pharmacy/poisons rules. Those earlier instruments remain to be examined.
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=275456
+Ordres en Conseil VIII, 1927 supplementary law pp.106 onward. Read the petition and
+amending provisions; no named cannabis/Indian-hemp provision found. The 1931 law
+repeals both predecessors. This supports an earlier opium framework, not a claim
+that the 1924 law prohibited cannabis.
+
+The 1932 amendment in volume IX, pp.197–200, expands the power to amend schedules.
+It is not itself proof of a newly introduced cannabis possession prohibition.
+
+### 1949 schedule
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=259184
+Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, 1949, printed pp.43–46; read all four pages, visually
+checked p.44. Section 5 starts it on **1 October 1949**, not its 21 September making
+date. New Schedule A item 11 covers Indian-hemp extracts/tinctures and preparations
+made from them, except those capable only of external use. It repeals 1932 provisional
+instruments; those must be recovered before calling 1949 the first extract control.
+Accordingly the new event says the revised schedule lists these products.
+
+### 1966 law begins in 1967
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=252240
+Original Dangerous Drugs Law, 1966 (32 PDF pages). Read cover/registration,
+interpretation pp.9–10, sections 2–7 pp.12–15, repeals/commencement p.26 and the
+cannabis-extract schedule item p.29. Registration **10 May 1966** is not commencement.
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=259094
+Original one-page commencement ordinance XVII/1967, read and visually checked:
+all the 1966 law starts throughout the Bailiwick on **22 March 1967**.
+Sections 5–6 expressly concern cannabis smoking/dealing premises and knowingly
+cultivating a cannabis plant without a licence. The 1931 regime already restricted
+production, possession and supply. No first cultivation restriction is asserted.
+
+Also downloaded the original Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, 1967:
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=259104
+Read cover, contents, Part II applicability and commencement; it begins **1 May 1967**.
+Do not conflate this separate set of supply/record rules with the law's 22 March start.
+Its complete detailed prescription system remains for a later pass.
+
+### 1974 law has two commencement stages in 1976
+
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=258398
+Original two-page commencement ordinance IX/1976: read both, visually checked p.1.
+Sections 1, 6, 9, 21, 30 and 34 start **31 March 1976**; the remaining law begins
+**1 June 1976**. The later date covers possession/cultivation sections 4–5.
+
+The archive file linked as the 1974 law actually contains a modern consolidation:
+https://guernseylegalresources.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?fileid=251722
+Read its cover and amendment disclaimer, section subjects, 33–34 and amendment notes.
+Used only for stable section subjects/replacement, not historical penalty amounts.
+The cannabis definition was replaced from 15 November 1983: do not backdate its
+modern whole-plant wording to 1976. GFSC's separate consolidation was also downloaded
+and its repeal/commencement sections examined; it does not prove the operative date.
+Original 1974 text remains a further source target.
+
+## Case account
+
+John Kelleher, The right of criminal appeal on the facts in Jersey and Guernsey,
+Jersey and Guernsey Law Review, October 2011:
+https://www.jerseylaw.je/publications/jglr/Pages/JLR1110_Kelleher.aspx
+Read paragraphs 5–10 and footnotes 1 and 32. The case is dated **9 January 2003**;
+the underlying conviction was 2002. The author reports six weeks' imprisonment,
+conflicting evidence about Heather Guest's pub and the appeal court's expressed
+doubts. The new record cites this legal author's account, not an original judgment
+we have read. It does not claim the conviction was overturned or legally found wrong.
+
+## Scores and unresolved earlier history
+
+No country profile or score vector changed. The estimated first-restriction window
+is narrowed from 1925–1961 to **1925–1931**, because the prohibition is verified by
+1931. This changes the interpolation of historical annual scores; the 1925 lower
+bound remains an assumption, not a proved date. The estimate's description now
+acknowledges the verified 1931 framework and explicitly labels its own date as an
+estimate. Its scored baseline remains unresolved: the earlier pharmacy/poison
+rules and historic enforcement must be reconstructed before replacing it. The
+1931 event supplies the estimate's documented upper bound; a second score drop
+would double-count those restrictions. This does not claim that the original law
+itself was uncertain or that 1934 was its commencement.
+
+The later statutes replace licensed-control regimes; the 1949 record avoids a
+first-control claim, and the 2003 case applies existing premises law. A complete
+score reconstruction still needs evidence of changes in actual small-user practice,
+medical availability and the earlier statutes. These entries advance the documentary
+history without supplying unsupported score vectors.
+
+## Validation
+
+History and answer/profile suites, unchanged-event and score-input comparisons,
+article length/citations/links, Guernsey chain audit and a full isolated build are
+recorded in the ignored batch directory. Preview checks cover the article and country
+History tab. Temporary source files and complete extracts stay out of tracked assets.
+
+Results: 40 history tests and 40 answer/profile tests passed; zero Guernsey chain
+flags. Full build passed: 4,337 pages. Generated event/article/reference/profile
+links verified; all other event objects and all `before` vectors unchanged. The
+country profile is byte-identical to HEAD. The yearly panel now reaches the existing
+11-point historical band by 1931, retains interpolation inside the shortened window
+and ends at the unchanged current score of 13. Browser checks confirmed the article,
+references, corrected estimate label and all five new entries in the History tab.

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