Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog 57fb453

Document Northern Cyprus’s drug-treatment reform and implementation

4 history entries added1 score changed2 articles written1 file of code, design or docs +288 −29 lines

Score changes 1 place

  1. Northern Cyprus38+5possession 0 → 1enforcement 1 → 2

History changes.yaml

Added 4

Countries and states 1 file

Northern Cyprus countries/xn.yaml

possession 0 → 1enforcement 1 → 2

summary

Possession of a few grams is tried in theCannabis possession and use remain criminal courtsoffences, but eligible people can accept supervised treatment before sentence. Successful completion avoids a sentence and regularly ends in prisona conviction entry. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug among Turkish CypriotsGrowing and supply are excluded from that route, and there have been small protests calling for legalisationpeople who breach its conditions can return to sentencing.

segments › possession › text

Possession isremains a criminal offence tried in the Heavy Criminal Court. In one reported case a young first offender caught with 14 g and later 12 gThe 2016 law offers eligible people convicted of cannabispossession or use supervised release before sentence, plus half a graminvolving one to three years of cocainemonitoring, was sentenced to a year in prison, withtreatment or rehabilitation. Successful completion means no sentence and no conviction entered on the judge treatingrecord; refusing the small amount andoption or breaching its conditions returns the fact that cannabis is amongcase to the lightest drugs as mitigationordinary process.[@treatment]

segments › possession › sources

kgtreatment

segments › cultivation › text

Growing isremains a criminaldrug offence. No tolerated number, and the supervised-release law expressly excludes people convicted of growing plants is knownfrom its treatment alternative to sentencing.[@treatment]

segments › cultivation › sources

kg, wikitreatment

segments › enforcement › text

Prison sentencesThe law provides a conditional treatment route alongside criminal prosecution. It excludes supply and growing convictions, and bars repeat access for small amounts are routinea similar conviction within three years after completing an earlier programme.[@treatment] At Nicosia’s June 2025 court closing session, a board member reported 42 beneficiaries over the period beginning in September 2023 and local courts report them regularlyprogrammes for 36 people continuing. Those are general drug-case figures presented at that court, without a separate cannabis count.[@court2025]

segments › enforcement › sources

kgtreatment, court2025

segments › sharing › text

Supply is prosecuted as dealing, with longer prison terms thanThe supervised-release law excludes people convicted of selling or trading drugs from its treatment route. It offers no comparable supply route alongside the provisions for possession, use and qualifying personal imports.[@treatment]

segments › sharing › sources

kgtreatment

segments › consumption › text

Use is illegalremains a drug offence. A first 420 gathering was held in north Nicosia in 2015The supervised-release law covers eligible people convicted of using drugs, with a treatment option before sentence; monitoring includes regular blood and in April 2017 protesters outside parliament called for regulated sale and useurine testing under the programme.[@treatment]

segments › consumption › sources

wikitreatment

context › visitors › text

There is no legal recreational supply for anyoneNon-citizens are excluded from supervised release if they are in the territory unlawfully, so a visitor has no lawful wayor if the court considers they seek it to buy cannabisremain there instead of receiving treatment or rehabilitation.[@treatment] The sources behind this profile describe no separate rulelaw’s personal-import route lists cannabis and resin at twelve grams in its schedule, with further court assessment for visitorsquantities outside the schedule. These are sentencing rules for an offence, so importing cannabis remains unlawful.[@treatment]

context › visitors › sources

wikitreatment

sources

Northern Cyprus — Supervised Release for Drug Users and People with Drug Dependence Law 28/2016 Kamalı Haber via MYKıbrıs — Nicosia court closing session hears prison and supervised-release figures (30 June 2025) 2 unchanged

Articles and atlas entries 2

Code, design and documents 1 file

docs/research/history-northern-cyprus-gap-2026-10-25.md +38 −0
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Northern Cyprus: the missing 2016 treatment route
+
+25 October 2026. The preceding goal turn made progress in Transnistria, committed as `45f8e51`. The current gap scan found Northern Cyprus among the least-covered places: three history entries and no articles. This batch adds the treatment law and evidence of its implementation, with two articles. The wider history-coverage goal remains active.
+
+## Evidence actually read
+
+Research PDFs, extracted text and page renders are retained in `tmp/history-northern-cyprus-gap-2026-10-25/`. Read `docs/WRITING.md` and the relevant maintenance rules in the ongoing task. Applied the PDF skill for reading the gazette and the ministry report; this is read-only PDF work.
+
+1. **Original law:** [Official Gazette 68, 27 May 2016](https://basimevi.gov.ct.tr/Portals/6/2016/68.pdf?ver=2021-04-03-144848-443), printed pages 361–368, PDF pages 21–28. Downloaded successfully even though the web fetch timed out. Read sections 2–7, 12, 14, the temporary provision and the First Schedule; visually inspected printed pages 363 and 368 to check the option and amount table. The assembly adopted Law 28/2016 unanimously (28 votes) on 16 May. Section 14 commences it on gazette publication, **27 May**, not on the vote. The law covers eligible convicted users/possessors before sentence, with a personal-import route and a cannabis/resin schedule figure of twelve grams. It excludes sales/trade, manufacture, export and growing; certain repeat beneficiaries; and specified non-citizens. Treatment lasts one to three years following psychiatric assessment, with testing and supervision. Successful completion means no sentence and no conviction entry. Breach or refusal returns the matter to the ordinary process. Eligible existing prisoners and people with pending cases could apply under the temporary provision.
+2. **2017 implementation interview:** [Nadire Bahadi’s Havadis report, republished by Haber Kıbrıs, 20 January 2017](https://haberkibris.com/denetimli-serbestlik-yasasi-hayal-kirikligi-oldu---2017-01-20.html). Opened and read the full relevant interview. Lawyer and Eastern Mediterranean University lecturer Ramadan Sanıvar describes psychiatric/rehabilitation shortages, disruption after a laboratory fire, delayed paperwork and staffing/procedure concerns. These are attributed contemporary criticisms, not findings that the law was repealed or universally unavailable. Filed as debate because it is criticism and proposed improvements, not a verified new legal change. Public coverage of this source is kept compact; the article also explains the actual statutory obligations and later official reporting.
+3. **2019 implementation:** [Labour and Social Security Ministry, October 2018–September 2019 activity report](https://csgb.gov.ct.tr/Portals/28/CSGB%202019.pdf), PDF page 60. Downloaded and text-extracted; rendered and visually checked the complete page. It reports regular interviews and psychosocial support for **98** people benefiting from the law. That is a count receiving interviews, not a number who completed treatment, and no separate cannabis count is given. The report refers to 16 May 2016 as commencement; the original gazette overrides that shorthand, so this batch uses 27 May for the legal step. The entry uses 2019 because an exact report-publication day or interview-snapshot day was not verified.
+4. **Continued operation in 2025:** [Kamalı Haber via MYKıbrıs, 30 June 2025](https://www.mykibris.com/kktc/haber/merkezi-cezaevindeki-776-kisinin-729u-erkek-57637). Opened the full page and read its supervised-release section: board member Mustafa Hidayet reported **42 beneficiaries** from 18 September 2023 to 30 June 2025, and **36** processes continuing. The report concerns the Nicosia judicial-year closing session; neither national coverage nor a cannabis-only count is asserted. The two numbers are not summed, and “benefited” is not reworded as successful completion. This evidence also supports keeping the treatment route in the present profile.
+
+The North Cyprus UK and Giynik versions of the 2025 court report were located but subsequent fetches failed before the relevant section was returned. The final citation therefore uses the MYKıbrıs full page actually read, not search snippets. Several news/official court pages return 403 to scripted retrieval; successful web reads and downloaded official PDFs are distinguished from failed fetches.
+
+## What changes
+
+Added four entries: the 2016 law, the 2017 implementation criticism, the 2019 social-support count and the 2025 court-session figures. Added articles for the law and the early implementation problems, both with inline references, related-history links and a country link. All new entries have treatment tags, with sentencing on the law.
+
+The profile previously said that possession of a few grams regularly ended in prison and omitted the statutory treatment route. Possession changes **0 → 1**, reflecting a criminal offence with a diversion route, and enforcement **1 → 2**, reflecting conditional treatment alongside criminal sentencing. The remaining scores and medical/recreational/disputed metadata are preserved. The dated 2016 step has the old vector `0,0,1,0,1,0` (exact score 3); today’s vector is `1,0,2,0,1,0` (exact 7.5, displayed 8). This places the change at legal commencement rather than inventing a 2026 reform.
+
+Possession, use, cultivation, supply exclusions and visitor eligibility now cite the original law inline. The visitor section states the specific non-citizen exclusions instead of claiming no separate visitor rule could be found. Cultivation and commercial supply remain excluded from this law’s treatment option. Unrelated inherited medical/production and survey statements still use their old sources and remain follow-up research targets; this pass does not certify every unedited part of the profile.
+
+## Limits and next work
+
+A **2017 appeal** (Yargıtay/Ceza 40/2017, D.9/2017, 21 June) was located in a commercial republication. Its accessible part describes a synthetic-cannabinoid import case; later text is subscription-locked, while the official court site was blocked. Search snippets discuss how the schedule interacts with possession and use, but are not a sufficient basis to claim the court’s holding verified. No new court entry or assertion of that holding is added. Retrieve the full authoritative judgment before presenting twelve grams as a universal eligibility cap. In this batch, twelve grams is specifically the statute’s scheduled figure in the personal-import provisions, with further assessment above it; it is never described as a lawful allowance.
+
+The original **1972 drug legislation**, later penalty amendments and the exact present prison maxima still need a linked audit. The 2016 law proves the criminal categories and the treatment route, but does not by itself provide all underlying penalty ranges. The inherited **1925 first-ban allocation** also needs segment-by-segment historical reconstruction. A structurally continuous 1925 → 2016 graph is not evidence that the present pre-reform vector began in full in 1925. None of those earlier sources is newly certified by this batch.
+
+The ministry’s 98 and the court-session 42/36 describe different periods, institutions and measures. They are not a trend series or a treatment success rate. The 2017 criticism is retained as a contemporary report, without using it to negate the later evidence that people received support.
+
+## Validation
+
+The production build passed with **4,077 pages**. The batch verifier confirms exactly four additions and every pre-existing history object unchanged. Both articles meet the word and structure rules (431 and 392 words, each with three headed sections and an unheaded opening), use all listed sources inline, and link to existing history and the country profile. All tags are valid.
+
+Rendered checks pass for 41 citation links across the four history pages and the profile, sequential citation targets, tag/history destinations, clean JSON/CSV exports and the profile API. The CSV displays 8 with exact score 7.5; the API preserves `[1925,3]` and `[2016,7.5]`. Medical/recreational/disputed metadata is preserved. `node scripts/data-status.cjs chain xn` reports no structural flags, subject to the inherited first-ban limitation above. `git diff --check` passes.
+
+A private index commits only the five owned files. The unrelated staged and working archive changes are preserved. The generated site under this batch’s temporary directory is removed after verification; source PDFs, extracted text, source-page renders and logs are retained for follow-up research.

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