Cannabis Freedom Index

Changelog 4c7af08

history: upgrade Lebanon 1926 ban with thesis and journal sources, close Zambia triage

Lebanon 1926 was a Wiki-only first ban: date it to the October 1925 High Commissioner's order, note its nominal character with UN-reported 1928 Bekaa figures (60 tons, 90 percent for Egypt), and cite the read Shad 2012 AUB thesis plus the peer-reviewed JIED article. Syria deliberately unchanged: the recovered instrument covers Greater Lebanon only, so no 1926 Syria move is warranted. Zambia: triage-close the 2019 export/medicine cabinet approval and the ministerial licensing dispute as unscored (no implementation, superseded, no segment movement).

3 history entries edited2 files of code, design or docs +92 −4 lines

History changes.yaml

Edited 3

Lebanon prohibits hashish

description

The French mandate authorities banned hashish. Growing production in 1926, by a High Commissioner's order of October 1925 effective that January.[@1] The ban was only nominal: by 1928 the Bekaa valleyValley was producing an estimated 60 tons, 90 percent of it bound for Egypt.[@2,3] Cultivation continued anyway and still doesregardless.[@2]

sources

Christopher Shad — Master's thesis, American University of Beirut (2012) Journal of Illicit Economies and Development — article 10.31389/jied.207 Wikipedia — Timeline of cannabis law 1 unchanged

Code, design and documents 2 files

docs/research/history-lebanon-1926-sources-2026-10-26.md +49 −0
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+# Lebanon 1926: Wiki-only first ban upgraded with thesis and journal sources
+
+Research checked on 26 October 2026. Read `DATA-MAINTENANCE.md`, the entry
+with the profile and timeline, the Shad 2012 AUB thesis (downloaded and
+read), the JIED peer-reviewed article (read), and the Wikipedia extracts
+carrying the 1925 order's French text before editing. The entry text was
+converted to per-sentence citations and two read sources replaced a bare
+Wiki citation. No scores, profiles or other timelines changed.
+
+## What changed
+
+- `lebanon-hashish-ban-1926`: description now dates the ban to the High
+  Commissioner's order of October 1925 effective January 1926, notes its
+  nominal character with the UN-reported 1928 figures (60 tons, 90 percent
+  for Egypt), and drops the redundant Timeline-of-cannabis-law citation.
+  Sources added: Christopher Shad's 2012 AUB master's thesis (read) and
+  the LSE Journal of Illicit Economies and Development article (read,
+  peer-reviewed).
+
+## Sources actually read
+
+- Christopher Shad, AUB master's thesis (2012), PDF via scholarworks:
+  "nominal Lebanese ban on hashish production in 1926"; 1928 Bekaa
+  production skyrocketing to 60 tons, 90 percent to Egypt (citing El Hadka
+  1965); French Sûreté 1939 producer list; elite complicity.
+- JIED article 10.31389/jied.207 (LSE, peer-reviewed): first hashish
+  production ban enacted 1926 by the French Mandate authorities; nominal
+  for lack of territorial presence (citing Shad 2012); El Hadka 1965 and
+  Felbab-Brown 2021 context.
+- Wikipedia "Cannabis in Lebanon" extract: French text of the 8 October
+  1925 order banning Bekaa cultivation from 1 January 1926 (citing Clarke
+  1998, not independently read — recorded as a lead, not a verified
+  primary).
+
+## Syria deliberately unchanged
+
+The JIED article's "Lebanon and Syria" phrasing was checked against the
+instrument: the recovered order covers Greater Lebanon (Bekaa) only, and
+the thesis is Lebanon-specific. No Syria-specific 1926 instrument was
+found. Syria's 1943 cultivation ban stays as is (still Wiki-only);
+moving it to 1926 would need a Syria-side order that has not surfaced.
+
+## Validation and tree note
+
+- Chain `lb`: 1926 100→14, 1946 14→11, 0 flagged steps.
+- `npm run history:test`: 40 pass, 0 fail; `npm run answers:test` and the
+  production build to be re-run before commit.
+- Commit stages only the Lebanon hunk plus this note, via patch filtering.
+  Foreign work in the shared tree is excluded and preserved.

docs/research/history-zm-triage-2026-10-26.md +26 −0
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+# Triage: Zambia 2017 dispute and 2019 export approval closed as reviewed
+
+Research checked on 26 October 2026. Read `DATA-MAINTENANCE.md` (triage and
+timeline rules), both entries with the profile and timeline before editing.
+No web search was needed: both decisions rest on the entries' already-checked
+sources and the current profile. Two open triage items closed with
+`unscored` reasons; no scores, profiles or timelines changed.
+
+## What changed
+
+- `zambia-licence-dispute-2017` (2017-03, medical): `unscored` —
+  ministerial dispute with no legal change, superseded by the December
+  2019 cabinet decision; no segment movement.
+- `zambia-medical-export-2019` (2019-12, medical): `unscored` — cabinet
+  approval without implementation; the 2021 licensing Act has not come
+  into force and access stays 0.
+
+Triage now reports ZM at 0 open (1926 100→3, today 3).
+
+## Validation and tree note
+
+- Chain `zm`: unchanged, 0 flagged steps.
+- `npm run history:test`: 40 pass, 0 fail; `npm run answers:test` and the
+  production build to be re-run before commit.
+- Commit stages only the two `unscored` hunks plus this note, via patch
+  filtering. Foreign work in the shared tree is excluded and preserved.

    ↑↓ to move, ↵ to open.