Expand Estonia: penalty tiers, medical article and three history entries

Growing narcotic cannabis illegally is a criminal offence; section 188 of the Penal Code provides a fine or up to five years in prison, and one to ten years for a group or a repeat offender.[@narko,cannkarist] EU-listed industrial hemp varieties with no more than 0.3% THC may be grown for agriculture. Growing cannabis to manufacture a narcotic substance, including for medical use, remains prohibited.[@ravim]

narkokarist, cann, ravim

label Unlicensed growing · treatment criminal · term Cultivation · prison 5 years · note FinePecuniary punishment or up to five yearsimprisonment; groupPenal Code section 188(1), label Group or repeat one to tenrelevant previous drug offence · treatment criminal · term Cultivation · prison min 1 year · prison 10 years · note Penal Code section 188(2), label Licensed EU hemp varieties · treatment legal · term Hemp · note EU-listed varieties up to 0.3% THC for agriculture

A small quantity for personal use, or use without a prescription, is a fine of up to 300 f … sed raising the large-quantity threshold from 10 to 30 doses and easing dealer convictions; the current statute still says ten people.[@err26,ndps]

Use without a prescription is a misdemeanour, with the same fine of up to 300 fine units or up to thirty days of court-imposed detention as small-quantity possession.[@ndps,karist]

ndps, karist

A final decision imposing a penalty for a misdemeanour is entered in the penal register, e … deleted and archived one year after the fine is paid or the detention is served.[@karreg] People aged seventeen and over can seek up to six VALIK counselling sessions to reduce or stop cannabis use, in Estonian or Russian.[@social]

karreg, social

There is no THC limit: a driver in whom a drug is detected is removed from the road and dealt with for the drug-use offence, with a.[@euda_dd] Its adult maximum is now 300 fine units of up to 1,200eight euros, or administrative arrest of€2,400, or up to 30thirty days of court-imposed detention.[@euda_ddndps,karist] The criminal code separately punishes impaired driving with up to three years in prison, four for a repeat offence, and a driving ban of up to three years; a repeat conviction requires a ban.[@euda_ddkarist] Police need suspicion to stop a driver but may test at random; the evidential test is blood taken at a hospital.[@euda_dd]

euda_dd, ndps, karist

Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs — Narkootikumid (updated 17 April 2026) Riigi Teataja — Act on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors thereof Riigi Teataja — Penal Code (English consolidation) Riigi Teataja — Act on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and Precursors thereof Riigi Teataja — Penal Code (English consolidation) 17 unchanged

label Small-quantity supply offence · treatment criminal · term Supply · prison 3 years · note Pecuniary punishment or prison; systematic trafficking, holding to supply or cross-border trafficking, label Small quantity, group or relevant previous offence · treatment criminal · term Supply · prison 5 years · note Pecuniary punishment or imprisonment; section 183(2), label Large quantity · treatment criminal · term Handling · prison min 1 year · prison 10 years · note Enough to intoxicate at least ten people, label Large quantity, group or relevant previous offence · treatment criminal · term Handling · prison min 3 years · prison 15 years · note Section 184(2), label Large quantity for significant proprietary benefit · treatment criminal · term Handling · prison min 6 years · prison 20 years · life possible · note Section 184(2-1), label Adult supplies a small quantity to a minor · treatment criminal · term Supply · prison 5 years · note Aggravating circumstances bring higher penalties under section 185

EUR

label Use without a prescription · treatment civil · term Misdemeanour · fine 2400 · prison 30 days · note Fine or court-imposed detention; adult maximum

licensed

Scientific handling of controlled cannabis is permitted within the narcotics-law framework, under State Agency of Medicines supervision.[@ndps,ravim] The agency distinguishes that permission from cultivation: growing cannabis to produce a narcotic, even for medical use, remains prohibited.[@ravim] Epidyolex is a standardised prescription CBD medicine; that authorisation does not give researchers or patients permission to grow plants.[@ravim]

ndps, ravim