France countries/fr.yaml
Paris discovered [hashish](/culture/language/hashish/) twice. In: in the 1840s the [Club des Hashischins](/culture/traditions/club-des-hashischins/) gathered writers and doctors around [Jacques-Joseph Moreau's experiments with](/culture/people/jacques-joseph-moreau/) dawamesk experiments ([his 1845 study](/history/france-moreau-du-hachisch-1845/)), and Paris hospitals treated cholera with hashish tincture ([in 1848](/history/france-hashish-cholera-treatment-1848/)).[@moreau] The word [assassin](/culture/language/assassin/) itself passed through Paris a generation earlier: in 1809 Silvestre de Sacy lectured that it came from hashish-eaters, fixing the association of hashish with violent madness ([his lecture](/history/france-sacy-assassins-lecture-1809/)).[@guba21] A century later France banned cannabis as a medicine in 1953, removing it from the pharmacopoeia. ([@goldenage] [Moreau published the first clinical study of hashish in 1845.1953 ban](/history/france-moreaumedical-duban-hachisch-18451953/)).[Paris hospitals treated cholera with hashish tincture@goldenage] The fibre custom survived alongside the drug history: in 1848.Franche-Comté carnival dancers leapt to make the hemp grow tall ([the hemp dance](/historyculture/francetraditions/the-hashishhemp-cholera-treatment-1848dance/)).[France banned@frazer] On Réunion, French since 1946, cannabis as a medicineis called [zamal](/culture/language/zamal/); the island's rituals and networks are described in 1953[zamal on Réunion](/culture/traditions/zamal-on-reunion/).[@benoist75] The [CBD](/culture/language/cbd/) chapter is the newest: the Council of State allowed CBD flower sales in 2022 ([the 2022 ruling](/history/france-medicalcbd-banflower-19532022/)).[@cx]
moreau, goldenage, guba21, frazer, benoist75, cx
Taming the Orient: France and the First Global Movement to Medicalize Cannabis, ca. 1800–1850 The Golden Bough: The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, Part I, Volume I (third edition) À la Réunion : le cannabis dans une société pluriculturelle et polyethnique Wiktionary — shit (French slang: cannabis) Wiktionary — beu/beuh (verlan of herbe: weed, pot) Wiktionary — joint (French informal: a marijuana cigarette) Wiktionary — chanvre (French: hemp) 19 unchanged
word Shit · lang French · meaning slang for cannabis · sources wiktionary-shit, word Beuh · lang French · meaning verlan of herbe; weed, pot · sources wiktionary-beu, word Joint · lang French · meaning informal for a marijuana cigarette · sources wiktionary-joint-fr, word Chanvre · lang French · meaning hemp; the standard fibre word · sources wiktionary-chanvre