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+# Kosovo: codes, cannabis scheduling and enforcement
+
+Reviewed 24 October 2026. Three new history entries, three revised entries and four new articles. Kosovo previously had five entries and no articles. The profile now uses inline primary citations throughout the sections revised here. Its existing driving text and source objects are preserved.
+
+## Sources read
+
+Local downloads and text extractions are in `tmp/history-kosovo-gap-2026-10-24/` (ignored). The 2004 and 2019 PDFs are text-native; no OCR or render was needed for the provisions cited.
+
+- `code2004.pdf/.txt`: Justice Ministry reproduction of UNMIK Regulation 2003/25, Provisional Criminal Code. Read articles 229–231 and final articles 353–357. Article 357 expressly commences the code on 6 April 2004; the regulation's 6 July 2003 date is not commencement. Supply: fine plus 1–8 years; holding/buying with supply intent: fine plus 1–5; production/cultivation with intent to supply: fine plus 1–10. Article 229 is not a general personal-possession offence. The code's silence alone does not establish that possession was lawful under every applicable rule.
+- `law2008.pdf/.txt`: official Forensics Agency copy of the 2008 English gazette. Read definitions, articles 3, 4, 14–17, 33, 35–39, 41–43 and cannabis row in Table I. Cannabis/resin/extracts/tinctures have research, education and police exceptions; ordinary medicine routes concern other tables. Article 43 and the closing promulgation notation confirm 19 February 2008. Gazette publication on 15 August is later. The UNMIK 2008 regulation index independently lists regulation 2008/10 on 19 February. No industrial-hemp registration exception or THC threshold was located in this text.
+- `code2012.html/.txt`: official gazette full Albanian text. Read articles 273–278 and final article 444: commencement 1 January 2013. Gazette publication is 13 July 2012. Ordinary possession: fine AND 1–3 years; first offender under 3 g: fine OR up to one year. Article 278 expressly covers cannabis growing for drug production, 1–10 years. Supply ranges checked against article 273.
+- `code2019en.pdf/.txt`: official English Gazette No. 2, 14 January 2019, reproduced at https://counterterrorlaw.info/assets/downloads/Criminal_Code_of_Kosovo_%28English_translation%29.pdf . Official metadata and full Albanian text also saved. Read articles 267–272 and 434. The latter commences the code three months after gazette publication, 14 April 2019, independently confirmed by the Kosovo Specialist Chambers published confirmation decision (repository document `0b1ec6e9803c01c7`, footnote 18). The English article 269(2) explicitly says first offender, less than 3 g cannabis/hashish, personal use. Neither that article nor its predecessor specifies a EUR250–300 tariff or demonstrates usual sentencing practice.
+- `amend2023en.pdf/.txt`: Justice Ministry's complete English Law 08/L-188, Gazette No. 23 of 23 November 2023: https://md.rks-gov.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/D63E0C47-F3DF-42E2-B138-D23402018A92.pdf . Read entire amendment. This is the amendment linked by the official 2019 code metadata. It does not rewrite the drug penalties in articles 267–272. Its article 6 changes the extraterritorial-offence list in article 108 (drug chapter remains included). Do not infer a new cannabis reform from the code's amendment link.
+- `campaign.html/.txt`: Kosovo 2.0 opinion by Kushtrim Shaipi, 21 October 2019. The extract supplies the author's regulated-legalisation argument, criticism of checkpoints/bar-and-club raids, and biographical identification as a Pristina consultant. Only these verified statements are used. The statistical graphic, global-history and medical claims are not adopted as facts.
+- `raid2025.html/.txt`: Kosovo Police report published 22 January, English and Albanian bodies date operation Starti to 21 January 2025. Four Pristina searches; 27 packages, 25.2 kg suspected marijuana; suspected domestic market; four men born 1979, 1979, 1981 and 1991; defence counsel present; prosecutor ordered up to 48 hours' detention. Weapons, vehicle, cash and phones are police-reported seizures. No conviction or laboratory confirmation is inferred.
+
+## Corrections and translation limits
+
+Both official Albanian codes describe the lower tier in broader drug terms, while the English 2019 text expressly names cannabis/hashish for personal use; the indexed English 2012 text uses the same cannabis wording. Cannabis below three grams is within both readings. Public text does not claim that a 2019 amendment broadened the rule to every drug. The code's OR versus AND and strictly LESS THAN three grams are retained; exactly three grams is not within that special wording.
+
+Removed Cannigma/Wikipedia sourcing for current penalties, the unsupported usual EUR250–300 fine and the unsupported registered-industrial-hemp route. Club text now explains the legal restrictions rather than claiming a survey of clubs. The 2008 definition includes supplying/holding seeds in cultivation FOR obtaining narcotics; it does not establish a seed-wide horticultural rule independent of purpose. Planting classifications retain the cannabis drug-growing context.
+
+The new 2013 event and replacement-code entries carry explicit unscored reasons. The 2008 category stays tightening with a reason explaining that the existing 1950 step already allocates a cultivation restriction. Tags added to all six entries, and articles link earlier/later entries and the profile.
+
+## Score and historical follow-ups
+
+All six current scores and pre-existing score vectors remain unchanged (exact score 11). The profile's cultivation score of 1 needs an audit against the 1–10-year cannabis cultivation offence: other profiles with similar penalties use 0. Establish the applicable pre-2004 law, personal-growing treatment and date of any substantive change before reallocating the timeline. Do not invent a 2019 cultivation tightening: 2012 already contains that range.
+
+The 1930 first-ban event remains weakly sourced, and the 1950 Yugoslav act step was not re-researched in this batch. Recover the original earlier instruments and penalties. Also check later schedules/implementing rules for any genuine industrial-hemp or cannabinoid-medicine exception, and obtain sentencing statistics or judgments before making claims about typical fines. The current statutory ranges do not independently establish how often imprisonment occurs.
+
+The 2004 new code entry supplies verified supply/production penalties but no invented earlier score vector. The 2013 personal-possession offence needs comparison with all earlier applicable laws, not just the provisional code, before being labelled a first criminalisation or an easing.
+
+## Validation
+
+`verify.mjs` checks article length, headings, inline source coverage, valid tags/categories, links, profile citations, unchanged score vectors and unchanged driving section/source objects. Production build passed: 4,032 pages. Rendered verification passed for 77 citation links, numbered references, tag pages, history JSON/CSV exports, profile API and score exports. Current exact score remains 11 and medical classification None. The isolated commit includes only the six history blocks, Kosovo profile, four articles and this note. The temporary site build was deleted after verification; research downloads and logs are retained.