Document Turkmenistan drug controls and missing legal history

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+# Turkmenistan: missing criminal-law and control-law history
+
+Reviewed 24 October 2026. Five new entries, two revised entries and three new articles. The country previously had four history entries and no articles. All revised profile text now uses inline citations. No score or existing score vector changed.
+
+## Sources read and findings
+
+Downloads and text extractions are retained in ignored `tmp/history-turkmenistan-gap-2026-10-24/`.
+
+- `code2023.html/.txt`: Parliament's Russian Criminal Code, new edition approved by law of 17 April 2022, commencement expressly 1 January 2023. Read enabling law, articles 327–330, 333–335 and the relevant amendment notes. The official page includes later amendments, rather than being an untouched 2022 document. No amendment note is attached to the cited articles 327–330; the drug chapter's 12 April 2025 amendment note concerns article 333, not those penalty ranges. Parliament is used as the primary citation.
+  - Article 327: supply or possession with supply intent 5–12 years; repeated/group/large-quantity 8–20; highest tier 15–25. Additional confiscation and residence restrictions are possible. The ordinary and middle-tier surrender exemption requires both voluntary surrender and active cooperation.
+  - Article 328: ordinary non-supply offence fine 40–100 base units OR up to five years; repeated/group 3–10. Criminal exemption similarly requires surrender AND active assistance, not simply handing over a small amount.
+  - Article 330: expressly includes sowing/growing cannabis, ordinary corrective labour up to two years OR 2–5 years in prison, with possible residence restrictions; repeated/group/large quantity 5–10. The official Parliament page has a malformed highest-tier phrase equivalent to “fifteen five” in part 3. Do not quote a definitive highest cultivation ceiling from that text; retrieve original gazette or authoritative correction.
+- `adminpage.html/.txt` and `admin.pdf/.txt`: Parliament's current Administrative Offences Code and Justice Ministry PDF. Read enabling laws, article 22(4), article 82 and amendment notes. Article 82 covers minor-quantity acquisition/possession without supply intent, and use: fine 1–3 base units plus confiscation OR administrative detention up to 15 days. Quantity limits come from separate regulations. Administrative surrender exemption does not include the criminal code's additional cooperation test. Article 22(4) makes administrative liability conditional on the conduct not attracting criminal liability.
+  - Code commenced 1 January 2014, but article 82 has amendments dated 1 March 2014, 2 February 2015 and 3 June 2017. Those amending texts were not recovered. The current article is therefore NOT backdated to January 2014, and no invented 2014 cannabis reform event was created.
+- `law2018.html/.txt`: Parliament's complete Russian drug-control law, signed 25 November 2017, commencement 1 January 2018 under article 54. Read definitions, scheduling, enterprise allocation/cultivation/handling rules, articles 26–31 and 45–54. Cannabis is expressly named among drug-containing plants in the acquisition definition. Article 19 reserves controlled cultivation to permitted enterprises/institutions within state quotas; cabinet sets procedure and industrial/medical/scientific uses. This is statutory permission architecture, not proof that growers have been licensed or a patient cannabis programme operates.
+  - Articles 28–29 give the general controlled-medicine dispensing/prescribing rules; articles 45–49 give use prohibition, examination, registration, voluntary care, compulsory treatment and occupational restrictions. Court-ordered treatment concerns diagnosed dependent users who avoid treatment/observation and continue using. Anonymity requested for voluntary treatment has an official law-enforcement request exception.
+  - Article 54 expressly identifies the 9 October 2004 law and repeals it from January 2018. This supports the revised 2004 entry's adoption/replacement facts, not detailed claims about the original law's contents. Original 2004 text remains a retrieval task; the pre-existing Council of Europe source returned 403 and was replaced with the primary repeal/adoption citation for these narrow facts.
+- `amend2016.html/.txt`: State news agency publishes the law signed 12 January 2016, portal date 25 January. Read complete amendment. It changes the definition of distribution to institutional allocation in specified amounts under cabinet procedures. The history date is ADOPTION; commencement is official publication, whose exact gazette date is not independently established here. Do not equate the portal date with gazette commencement.
+- `moratorium.html/.txt`: Parliament's complete law signed 6 January 1999. Paragraph 1 bars courts from imposing death from 1 January; paragraphs 2–3 cover people already sentenced and special-regime custody. Event date is the law's signing/adoption, with the earlier application date stated. Do not claim a specified new prison term, release or automatic pardon.
+- `ombudsman2017.pdf/.txt`: official national Ombudsman report, printed page 11, read relevant passage. Gives January moratorium and full abolition on 28 December 1999. Its constitutional article numbering differs from some other historical accounts; public entry does not repeat a number. This is retrospective official evidence of abolition, not the original December instrument. Treaty accession/ratification dates are not inferred from its rhetoric.
+- Amnesty International Report 1997, Turkmenistan, read complete relevant account on Refworld through web tool (direct scripted download returned 403). It reviews events in 1996, despite its 1997 title and catalogued January 1997 date. Reports 123 executions solely for drug trafficking, absence of published official statistics, and concern that the overall number was higher. Event is dated 1996 and explicitly attributed to Amnesty. This is ALL-DRUG reporting: no cannabis-only execution count or named cannabis defendant is claimed. The Mary prison disturbance was read as wider context but omitted from the final article to keep its focus on sentencing.
+- FCDO current Turkmenistan safety-and-security page, illegal-drugs paragraph, rechecked through web tool. It warns of lengthy sentences and basic conditions for illegal possession or use. It supplies practical travel context, not statutory fine/quantity detail.
+
+## Additional sources and rejected leads
+
+`codeold.pdf/.txt` is UNODC SHERLOC's 1997 code consolidated through 9 November 2013, not the original 1997 edition. Read header and old drug articles 292–293: supply 3–10 and ordinary non-supply possession up to five years. It cannot by itself establish the immediately pre-2023 ranges or that every subsequent change occurred in 2023; the new event states the verified new-code ranges without claiming an unverified comparison.
+
+Justice Ministry's code web page downloaded as `minjustcode.html/.txt` did not expose the full code to the local parser. Its indexed drug provisions corroborated Parliament; Parliament supplies the cited full text. No repeated download workaround was needed.
+
+An Amnesty appeal concerning Ashirgeldy Sadyyev was an OPIUM case, so no separate cannabis history event was added. Neither general all-drug execution reports nor a drug-law licence route establish cannabis-specific implementation or patient access.
+
+## Scoring and remaining gaps
+
+All six current scores remain unchanged: possession 0, cultivation 0, enforcement 1, sharing 0, consumption 0, access 0; exact score 2. Existing 1934 first-ban vector is preserved. This batch substantially improves the text but does not certify that the inherited score allocation is correct.
+
+Required follow-ups:
+
+- Recover the cannabis-specific schedules and minor/large/especially-large quantity regulations, and establish interaction of administrative article 82 with criminal article 328 in practice. The old profile's claim that use itself necessarily carries five years was removed; the verified administrative tier and criminal possession offence are now separately stated.
+- Audit possession/consumption scores against that administrative tier once the applicable cannabis quantity rule is read. Audit cultivation 0 against ordinary corrective labour and 2–5-year imprisonment; do not silently treat it as mandatory imprisonment.
+- Recover the original Soviet/Turkmen first controls, capital drug-offence provisions and subsequent amendments before reallocating the timeline. The 1934 event's implied immediate collapse to today's score remains weak. Adding an invented pre-1999 capital vector would falsely back-project execution exposure to the 1934 growing ban. Death events therefore carry explicit unscored reasons pending reconstruction, while current enforcement already reflects no death penalty.
+- Recover original 2004 law, 2014/2015/2017 administrative amendments and original 2022 gazette. Do not backdate later consolidated wording.
+- Determine whether any cannabis medicine or enterprise cannabis cultivation permission actually operates. General medical permissions alone do not justify upgrading medical status or access. Current medical-none classification is retained; profile medical context describes only the verified general dispensing rules.
+- Obtain reliable recent sentencing/application data before asserting how frequently the administrative route or imprisonment is used. No “zero tolerance” or comparative enforcement ranking is retained as a factual finding.
+
+## Validation
+
+Local verifier checks article word counts (350–500), section counts, citation coverage, tags/categories, related links, unchanged score vectors and inline profile references. Production build passed with 4,038 pages. Rendered verification passed for 81 citation links, numbered references, tag pages, history JSON/CSV, profile API and score exports; exact score remains 2 and medical classification None. The isolated commit includes only this batch’s seven history blocks, country profile, three articles and this note. The temporary `site` build was deleted after checking; research files and logs are retained. Other actors’ `source-archive.json` index and working changes are excluded from the commit.