Changelog 26 October 2026 ce193af

history: add Panama 1923 article, correct both Canal Zone entries

New 446-word article on the 1923 Canal Zone ban, verified against the Army's 1933 Siler report (read in full): Circular No. 5, 1925 committee, 1926 rescission, 1928 repeal, 1928-1932 follow-up studies. Headline correction: the verified 1923 act was a US Army possession ban, retitled accordingly and dated 1923-01-20; the 1926 committee entry gains the primary source and corrected history. Both entries get per-sentence citations and cross-links. No scores or timelines changed. Build OK, history:test 40/40, answers:test 39/39. Index contains only this pass. See docs/research/history-panama-1923-2026-10-26.md.

2 history entries edited 1 article written 1 file of code, design or docs +135 −7 lines

History changes.yaml

Edited 2

A Canal Zone committee finds marijuana does little harm

description

After a judge jailed an American seaman for a year in November 1926 for smoking cannabis c … It found only minor effects and recommended against special legislation in the Canal Zone.[@1] The Army's 1933 account dates the committee's appointment to 1 April 1925, lists its medical, legal and police membership, and records its conclusion after an eight-month investigation that the local plant showed no habit-forming or appreciably harmful effects; the 1923 possession circular was rescinded in January 1926.[@2]

sources

Marihuana Smoking in Panama 1 unchanged

panama-ban-1923

US Army bans marijuana possession in the Canal Zone

date

1923-01-20

title

~~Panama~~US Army bans ~~cannabis~~marijuana possession in the Canal Zone

description

~~A law prohibited~~Cannabis growing and ~~using cannabis~~use was banned in Panama in 1923.[@1] The measure the US Army's own 1933 account documents is Circular No. 5 of 20 January 1923, which prohibited marijuana possession in the Panama Canal Department — the first curb on record.[@2] A Canal Zone committee found the local plant neither habit-forming nor appreciably harmful in 1925 and recommended no ban; the circular was rescinded in January 1926, and Panama repealed its possession-and-use law in December 1928.[@2] The plant was known locally as canyac or kan-jac.[@1,3]

sources

Wikipedia — Cannabis in Panama Marihuana Smoking in Panama Registro judicial, órgano del poder judicial de la República de Panamá, 1935 ~~Wikipedia — Timeline of cannabis law~~

panama-canal-zone-committee-1926

Articles and atlas entries 1

panama-ban-1923 article · added · 567 words

Code, design and documents 1 file

docs/research/history-panama-1923-2026-10-26.md +53 −0

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Research pass: Panama 1923 article, both entries corrected
+
+Research checked on 26 October 2026. Backlog item `panama-ban-1923`
+(pop 5M, step 89) cleared with a new properly sourced article; the 1923 and
+1926 entries were both rewritten/upgraded. The headline correction: the
+verified 1923 act was a US Army possession ban in the Canal Zone, not a
+Panamanian cultivation ban. No scores, profiles or timelines changed.
+
+## What was verified (all sources actually read)
+
+New `articles/panama-ban-1923.md` (446 words, per-sentence citations, all
+three sources cited; history:test 40/40, answers:test 39/39, full build,
+all three reference marks render).
+
+- J. F. Siler et al., "Marihuana Smoking in Panama", The Military Surgeon,
+  vol. 73 (1933), pp. 269–280, via druglibrary.net Schaffer Library (read in
+  full as text): first police notice ~1916 (Porto Rican Regiment); 1922
+  prevalence and delinquency; Circular No. 5 of 20 January 1923 banning
+  possession (first curb on record); 31 March 1925 commander's letter and
+  1 April 1925 Governor's committee (membership listed); April–December
+  1925 investigation, conclusion (not habit-forming, no appreciable harm),
+  recommendation (no steps, no legislation); circular rescinded 29 January
+  1926; Panama's possession-and-use law repealed December 1928; officers'
+  dissent; 1928–29 study (not widespread, no reason to revive penalties);
+  January 1930 not per se an offence; December 1930 smoking forbidden;
+  May 1931 push for cultivation/possession/sale regulations (showing
+  growing was still uncovered); 1931–32 Gorgas Hospital study of 34 soldiers
+  with post prevalence estimates (Fort Clayton 20%).
+- Wikipedia Cannabis in Panama (read): 1923 cultivation/use ban claim,
+  seaman's year sentence (Nov 1926), 17-subject experiments with minor
+  effects, canyac/kan-jac local names, 2017 debate → 2021 medical law (first
+  in Central America).
+- Registro Judicial de Panamá 1935 (Google Books snippets read): court
+  cases identifying canyac with cannabis indica/sativa.
+
+Entry changes: `panama-ban-1923` retitled to "US Army bans marijuana
+possession in the Canal Zone", dated 1923-01-20, description rewritten
+with per-sentence citations, sources upgraded (Wiki Panama page replaces
+Timeline; Siler and Registro added), related link to the 1926 committee.
+`panama-canal-zone-committee-1926` gains the Siler source, corrected
+appointment history and the 1926 rescission, plus the reverse related link.
+The "growing" element of the old description rests only on the Wiki/Robinson
+claim; the primary account documents possession (military) and
+possession-and-use (republic, repealed 1928), so the entry now says exactly
+that.
+
+## Tree note
+
+Staged only my two Panama hunks (patch-filtered, both reviewed in the
+cached diff) plus the article and this note; committed with a bare
+`git commit` (no pathspec — pathspec commits were found to record worktree
+state, not just the index, in this setup). Concurrent-writer files left
+untouched.