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+# Kenya: colonial sentencing and the 1994 replacement law
+
+26 October 2026. Read the maintenance and writing guides, earlier East African research notes, the current Kenya profile and the historical score chain. The previous goal turn made progress through commit `1c5be0a`; this pass addresses Kenya's large interval between its 1933 and 1994 domestic-law entries.
+
+## Changes
+
+Three new enforcement entries cover regional sentencing correspondence in 1956, cannabis prosecution figures for 1961 and formation of the specialist Anti-Narcotics Unit in 1983. The existing 1933 and 1994 legal entries receive precise commencement dates, substantive descriptions and articles. The old 1994 claim of an eight-year use ceiling is replaced with the actual ten-year ceiling and fine alternative.
+
+All existing score vectors and the country profile are preserved. The inherited 1914 step currently allocates nearly the entire historic restriction to one event; the intervening amendments, actual medicinal supply and sentencing practice require joint reconstruction. The new context entries are observations and institutional history. The revised legal entries have explicit `unscored` reasons and do not claim to repair the early chart.
+
+## Documents recovered and read
+
+- [Original 1932 annual ordinance volume, Parliament of Kenya](https://libraryir.parliament.go.ke/bitstreams/51c4073c-5e8e-4b77-b74e-0a4731dacf75/download). Downloaded the full volume, extracted the relevant text and read the ordinance on printed pp. 86–97. Visually inspected printed pp. 89 and 95 (PDF pp. 104 and 110). The original cannabis provisions prohibit cultivation and plant possession/dealing, with the stated medicinal-preparation exclusions. Extracts and tinctures are separately controlled under the medicines provisions. Original section 19 allows a Supreme Court maximum of ten years or £1,000 or both, and a first-/second-class subordinate-court maximum of one year or £250 or both. Original section 24 repeals the prior opiates ordinance and its amendments. Do not substitute the later consolidated shilling figures for the original pound amounts.
+- [Kenyan government communication to the UN, E/NL.1970/65–71](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1297062/files/e-nl-1970-65-71-e.pdf), issued 10 January 1972. Download succeeded through the `?download=1` URL even though the web reader returned 403. Read the commencement annotation, cannabis and medicinal-extract provisions, penalties and relevant prescription/supply rules; visually inspected the first page. It explicitly records **1 February 1933** commencement. The rest is a consolidated text containing later amendments, including institutional wording from 1956–1961; those later rules are not backdated to commencement.
+- [Samson Ndanyi, *Cannabis in Kenya*](https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jch/article/download/5623/4374/14961), Southern Journal for Contemporary History 46(2), 2021, pp. 4–23. Publisher download succeeded with curl using the system certificate bundle after Python's default trust store failed. Read the relevant archival discussion, especially printed pp. 12 and 18. The published entries attribute the archival findings to the study; the underlying archive files were not independently retrieved. Regional observations are not a nationwide typical sentence, and prosecutions are not convictions or a prevalence survey. The 1961 date describes the reporting period, not a newly dated criminal statute.
+- [DCI official Anti-Narcotics Unit presentation](https://www.dci.go.ke/sites/default/files/2023-11/ANU%20WEBSITE%20PRESENTATION%20NOV%202023.pdf), pp. 1–2, opened and read through the PDF reader. It dates formation to **1983** and describes the later mandate under the 1994 law. Present-day deployments and functions are not assumed to have begun unchanged in 1983. The unit's general webpage had certificate/availability problems; no security warning was bypassed.
+- [Original-text reproduction of the 1994 Act, UNODC text mirrored by UNHCR/ecoi.net](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1184376/1226_1279195588_4c36fb212.pdf). Downloaded all fifteen pages; read definitions, sections 3–7, 16, 58 and 88. Visually inspected PDF p. 6. Cannabis possession shown to be solely for one's own use is liable to ten years; other cannabis possession twenty years. These are the statute's penalty terms, not a claim that every defendant received the same sentence. Trafficking is life plus the greater of one million shillings or three times market value. Use, certain premises and utensils offences: 250,000-shilling fine or up to ten years or both. Growing: up to twenty years or the specified fine or both. Land forfeiture depends on ownership or the owner's involvement; it is not automatic for an uninvolved owner. Medical/professional and licensing exceptions remain explicit. The Act repeals the Dangerous Drugs Act in section 88.
+- [KELIN, *Punitive laws and practices affecting HIV responses in Kenya*](https://kelinkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/punitive-laws-practices-affecting-HIV-responses-in-Kenya.pdf), 2014, section 3.4, printed p. 29 (PDF p. 29). Read the relevant section. It explicitly distinguishes 8 July assent from **26 August 1994** commencement. The original-text reproduction only says commencement is by notice. Kenya Law's indexed historical header agrees, but the full historical export returned 403; it is not claimed as a newly read source. The commencement notice itself remains to be retrieved. KELIN supplies the date citation, while the original legislative text supplies the penalties.
+
+## Amendment slip and other limits
+
+The scanned 1932 volume includes an inserted, incompletely headed amendment slip ahead of printed p. 89, with handwritten corrections on the original page. That slip expands the hemp/resin wording and adds transit provisions. Its own date was not established. It must not be treated as original wording operative on 1 February 1933. The article therefore uses the original plant, medicinal-preparation, extract and penalty provisions, and cites the later UN text only for commencement.
+
+Downloaded the [1933 annual ordinance volume](https://libraryir.parliament.go.ke/bitstreams/812586c6-31a7-4b5a-a21a-d27ebbd737f9/download) to investigate the slip. Its index and searchable text did not locate the needed cannabis amendment. No amendment event is manufactured from the insertion. A search lead for a Dangerous Drugs amendment numbered 31 in 1933 concerned Northern Rhodesia, not Kenya, and was rejected.
+
+The UN collection's 1968 poisons-list and dangerous-drug rule amendments also do not by themselves prove a new first cannabis restriction. The broad listing and later consolidated rules were not converted into speculative dated reforms.
+
+The earlier Uganda research lead concerns an unrecovered original 1970/1971 narcotics regime; its later surviving professional-law consolidation remains insufficient to reconstruct deleted drug offences. No Uganda event was added in this pass.
+
+## Validation
+
+History tests: 39 passed. Answer/profile-claim tests: 16 passed. The country chain reports zero flagged steps. Both new articles meet the 350–500-word limit and have four sections. A semantic preservation check confirms exactly three additions, two revised existing entries, identical historical score vectors and a byte-identical Kenya profile. The production build completed successfully with 4,181 pages. Generated checks confirm all five touched entries, reference anchors, related-history links, decade routes, exported data and the unchanged weighted score of 5.5, displayed as 6. Browser checks verified the country chart, its 14-entry History tab, the new 1994 article and the Kenya filter on `/history/`. Whitespace checks pass. The batch is limited to three new Kenyan events, two revised existing events, two new articles, this note and the maintenance progress log. Unrelated source-archive work is excluded from the commit.