Verify Madagascar's 1958 and 1960 rongony penalties

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+# Madagascar: reading the 1962 UN scan, 25 October 2026
+
+The 21 October pass added Madagascar's 1958 and 1960 rongony entries but left both unchecked. It
+had read only indexed text of UN document E/NL.1962/8; the PDF scan would not download. This pass
+recovered the two-page scan, read it both as extracted text and as an image, and used it to verify
+the entries. No scores changed.
+
+## The document
+
+**United Nations, E/NL.1962/8, 6 August 1962, French only.** The document communicates Madagascar's
+Ordinance 60-073 to the Secretary-General under the 1931 Narcotics Convention, as amended by the
+1946 Protocol. Its two pages reproduce the ordinance from the *Journal officiel de la République
+malgache*, no. 113 of 6 August 1960, p. 1372.
+
+Page 1, explanatory memorandum:
+
+- Paragraph 1(a) describes the decree of 9 October 1915, promulgated by an order of 3 December
+  1915 and published in the colonial official journal on 11 December 1915, p. 1222. It punished
+  preparation, peddling, sale and consumption with a fine of 100 to 3,000 francs and six days to
+  twelve months in prison, or one of those penalties alone.
+- Paragraph 1(b) describes order 145-CG of 23 May 1958, which made deliberation 58-34/AR of
+  17 April 1958 enforceable. It added cultivation and possession to the earlier offences and set
+  eleven days to one month in prison and a fine of 36,001 to 60,000 metropolitan francs; repeat
+  offences could bring two months and 100,000 francs. The order was published in the *Journal
+  officiel* of 31 May 1958, pp. 1241–1242.
+- Paragraph 2 argues that the existing maximum of one year was disproportionate, that rongony was
+  a narcotic classified in France in Table B, that its effects were analogous to opium, and that a
+  kilogram of rongony cost twenty times less than a kilogram of opium. It cites police reports of
+  spreading consumption.
+
+Page 2 gives the ordinance's operative articles:
+
+- Article 1 prohibits cannabis cultivation throughout the territory.
+- Article 2 prohibits preparation, transport, sale, possession and consumption.
+- Article 3 sets six months to five years in prison and a fine of 10,000 to 1,000,000 francs, or
+  one of those penalties alone.
+- Article 4 applies the same penalties to anyone facilitating an offence by providing a vehicle or
+  premises, for payment or free, or by any other means. The court must confiscate the vehicle or
+  close the premises, and a residence ban follows automatically.
+- Article 5 repeals contrary provisions, in particular the 1915 decree and the 1958 deliberation
+  made enforceable by order 145-CG.
+- Article 6 provides for publication in the *Journal officiel* and execution as a law of the
+  Malagasy state. The ordinance is signed at Tananarive on 28 July 1960 by President Philibert
+  Tsiranana, Justice Minister René Rakotobe and Interior Minister André Resampa.
+
+The extracted text has OCR errors, especially around accents and the abbreviation for francs. The
+penalty figures were checked against the page images.
+
+## Database changes
+
+- `madagascar-cultivation-possession-penalties-1958` is now `checked: true`. The description names
+  the Representative Assembly, gives the fine range of 36,001 to 60,000 francs, and records the
+  repeat-offence maximum of two months and 100,000 francs. The locator points to PDF p. 1,
+  paragraph 1(b), and the *Journal officiel* pages.
+- `madagascar-rongony-penalties-raised-1960` is now `checked: true`. The description gives the
+  fine range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 francs and says "or either punishment alone". The locator points
+  to PDF pp. 1–2, memorandum paragraphs 1–2 and Articles 1–6, and the *Journal officiel* page.
+- The 1915 entry was not changed. Its description already matched the memorandum's account of the
+  1915 decree, including the 100 to 3,000 franc fine and the six-day to twelve-month prison range.
+- `articles/madagascar-rongony-penalties-raised-1960.md` now has per-sentence citations. Its first
+  source locator records that the scan was read, and its country link was corrected from Myanmar to
+  Madagascar.
+
+## Why the scores did not move
+
+The existing vectors already describe the changes the scan confirms:
+
+- 1958 takes possession and cultivation from 10 to 1. Before the 1958 order, the 1915 decree
+  covered preparation, sale and consumption but not cultivation or possession. The order added
+  those offences with a maximum of one month and a substantial fine.
+- 1960 takes possession and cultivation from 1 to 0 and enforcement from 2 to 1. The maximum rose
+  to five years, so prison became a realistic outcome for a user, while the law still allowed a
+  fine alone. Sharing and consumption stayed at their previous scores; the ordinance applied the
+  same penalty clause to sale, possession and consumption but did not create a separate sharing
+  offence.
+
+The chain remains `1915 100 → 55`, `1958 55 → 10`, `1960 10 → 3`, `1997 3 → 9`, with no direction
+flags.
+
+## Remaining gaps
+
+- The original 1958 deliberation and order 145-CG were not recovered. The 1960 memorandum is a
+  government account written two years later, and the entry says so. The penalties and the date
+  are verified from that account, not from the 1958 gazette itself.
+- The 1960 ordinance is dated 28 July 1960 and published on 6 August. The entry keeps the signature
+  date, consistent with the existing Madagascar timeline; the article says "signed", not that the
+  ordinance became enforceable that day. A commencement notice or the gazette's own effective-date
+  rule would settle the point.
+- The 1997 law is still read from the Ministry of Commerce reproduction, not a complete original
+  gazette. The article uses it only for the repeal and the separate personal-quantity sentences.
+- The 1915 local promulgation order of 3 December 1915 was not independently read; the 1960
+  memorandum is the source for that date.
+
+## Validation
+
+`node scripts/data-status.cjs chain mg` gives the four steps above with no flagged changes.
+`npm run history:test` passed 38 tests, `npm run answers:test` passed 16, and `npm run build`
+built 4,142 pages. The 1960, 1958 and 1915 history pages were checked in the built output: every
+citation mark resolves, and the internal links to 1915, 1958, 1997 and Madagascar resolve. The 1960
+page cites all three of its sources.