Date Tanganyika's first cannabis restrictions

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+# Tanzania: dating the first restrictions, 26 October 2026
+
+This pass returned to Tanzania after the 21 October review left an estimated first restriction, an
+undated 1935 ordinance and an unscored 1995 Act. The UN compilation of Tanganyika's revised laws
+was obtained as a scan, so the 1924 customs notice, the 1926 noxious-plants ordinance and the 1935
+dangerous-drugs ordinance could be read directly rather than through an indexed extract. The pass
+replaced the 1900 estimate with two dated events, scored them, checked the 1935 and 1995 records,
+and wrote an article on the 1926 ban. No country-profile score or segment text changed.
+
+## The documents
+
+### 1924: the customs import prohibition
+
+**United Nations, E/NL.1952/74–83, 11 September 1952.** The compilation reproduces Tanganyika's
+*Revised Edition of the Laws, 1947*. Chapter 192 is the Customs Ordinance. Its "Imports
+(Prohibitions and Restrictions)" orders, made by the Governor under section 113, begin: "The
+importation into the territory of the following articles is prohibited." Item (12), marked
+**G.N. 210 of 1924**, is:
+
+> Cannabis sativa (known as Hemp, or True Hemp, and in Swahili as Bhang or Bangi).
+
+The item is on printed p. 66 (E/NL.1952/83). The page image and the OCR were both read. This is an
+import prohibition only. It does not create a domestic offence of growing, possessing or using
+cannabis, and the revised edition gives no day or month for the notice, so the entry is dated
+`1924`.
+
+The notice is the first dated restriction found for Tanganyika. It is not proof that no earlier
+German-era or territorial rule existed; the German period was not searched in this pass.
+
+### 1926: the noxious-plants ordinance
+
+**Tanganyika, Cultivation of Noxious Plants (Prohibition) Ordinance, 8 of 1926**, chapter 134 of
+the 1947 revision, printed p. 62 (E/NL.1952/81), dated **18 June 1926**. The page scan was read at
+200 dpi. Section 2 made it an offence to plant, grow or cultivate any plant in the schedule, and to
+consume, use or possess such a plant, any substance obtained from it, or any compound or admixture
+of it. The penalty was a fine of up to 2,000 shillings or imprisonment of either kind for up to
+twelve months, and the court could order the plant or substance destroyed. Section 3 allowed a
+magistrate or administrative officer to issue a warrant to enter and search by day or night.
+Section 4 allowed any police officer to arrest without a warrant a person found committing an
+offence. Section 5 let the Governor add to or vary the schedule by gazette order. The schedule
+named "Cannabis Sativa (known as True Hemp and in Swahili as Bhang or Bhangi)."
+
+This is the first comprehensive domestic ban: it covers cultivation, possession, use and
+consumption, and it supplies search, arrest and destruction powers. The 1995 Act later repealed it
+by name (chapter 134) in section 63.
+
+### 1935: the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance
+
+**Tanganyika, Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, 28 of 1935**, chapter 95 of the 1947 revision, dated
+**12 July 1935**, printed pp. 1232–1235 and 1247 (E/NL.1952/74). The ordinance consolidated the
+law on opium and "certain other dangerous drugs". Section 7 prohibited importing or exporting resin
+from *Cannabis sativa*. Section 8 prohibited possessing, producing, selling or dealing in the resin
+or preparations based on it; cultivating the plant; and possessing, selling or dealing in the whole
+or any part of the plant, excluding medicinal preparations. Section 23 set the general penalty at
+up to 20,000 shillings or ten years, or both, on conviction by the High Court, and up to 5,000
+shillings or twelve months, or both, in a subordinate court of the first class, with forfeiture and
+possible destruction.
+
+The entry was previously dated only `1935`, categorised `other`, and described through a later
+government notice that did not reproduce the ordinance. It is now dated `1935-07-12`, categorised
+`tightening`, and describes the ordinance itself. It remains **unscored**: the ordinance
+consolidated existing controls and raised the statutory maxima, but the record read here does not
+show a change in enforcement practice. The 1926 ordinance remained in force alongside it until
+1995.
+
+### 1995 and 2015
+
+**Tanzania, Drugs and Prevention of Illicit Traffic in Drugs Act, Act 9 of 1995.** The original
+text was read. Section 63 expressly repeals both the Cultivation of Noxious Plants (Prohibition)
+Ordinance (chapter 134) and the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (chapter 95). The Act created a separate
+small-personal-use tier, with a 200,000-shilling fine, seven years, or both in the original text,
+while the main growing and supply offences could bring life imprisonment or a much larger fine. It
+took effect on 1 January 1996. The entry remains **unscored** because the original penalty
+alternatives and the later amendments have not been compared closely enough with the 1926 and 1935
+regimes to justify a separate score step.
+
+**Tanzania, Drug Control and Enforcement Act, Act 5 of 2015.** Sections 11, 15 and 17 were read.
+The Act set at least thirty years for unlawful cultivation and a residual personal-use penalty of
+at least 500,000 shillings, three years, or both. It replaced the 1995 Act. The existing 2015
+step, 13 → 8, is retained.
+
+### Zanzibar: a separate legal history
+
+Zanzibar is not covered by the Tanganyika ordinances. The 1931 Zanzibar annual report records
+"Government Notice No. 49 … Notice under Dangerous Drugs Decree, 1927", which identifies the
+principal decree by name and year, and it describes 1931 amendment decrees. The decree itself was
+not recovered, so its original cannabis schedule and penalties remain unknown.
+
+Two later Zanzibar texts were read:
+
+- **Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act, 1984 (No. 9 of 1984).** It amends the Dangerous Drugs Decree,
+  Cap. 76, replacing section 28A. The new section makes growing or selling bhang, or possessing
+  bhang for sale or otherwise, an offence. On conviction the offender may be sent to an educational
+  centre for five to ten years, with corporal punishment of up to six strokes. The Act also repeals
+  Decree No. 11/71. The 1984 text is a lead, not a scored event: the principal decree's earlier
+  cannabis provisions are still missing.
+- **Pharmaceuticals and Dangerous Drugs Act, 1986.** Its arrangement of sections includes section
+  17, "Cultivation and possession of bhang prohibited", and it repeals the Dangerous Drugs Decree,
+  Cap. 76. The operative section and penalty were not read.
+
+No Zanzibar entry was added. Scoring one would require the 1927 decree and a decision about whether
+Zanzibar's separate law belongs in the same national timeline as the mainland. The 1931 report and
+the 1984 amendment are recorded here so the next pass can pick them up.
+
+## The score chain
+
+The old estimate was `tz-first-restriction-estimate`, dated 1900, marked `estimate`, with a
+100 → 13 step and a window of 1900–1920. It was removed and replaced by two dated events:
+
+- **1924: 100 → 98.** The import ban cuts off lawful imports, so `access` falls from 10 to 8. The
+  other five segments stay at 10 because the notice did not criminalise domestic growing, sale,
+  possession, sharing or use. Access is not scored at 0: the notice left the domestic market
+  unregulated, and a zero would say there was no lawful source at all. The 8 follows the site's
+  treatment of the Netherlands' import-only ban of 1928, which is also 100 → 98 with access 8.
+- **1926: 98 → 13.** Before: `{10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 8}`. After:
+  `{possession: 1, cultivation: 1, enforcement: 3, sharing: 1, consumption: 1, access: 0}`. This is
+  the post-ban vector the Tanzania timeline already used; the pass attaches it to the dated 1926
+  law rather than inventing a new one. The statute's fine-or-twelve-months penalty, warrantless
+  arrest, search power and destruction order support a severe restriction. The `enforcement: 3` is
+  still an editorial estimate: the text does not show how often prison was imposed in practice.
+- **2015: 13 → 8.** Unchanged.
+
+`node scripts/data-status.cjs chain tz` reports the three steps and **0 flags**. `scores:triage --
+tz` reports **3 scored, 0 open**. The 1935 and 1995 entries are checked but unscored.
+
+## The article and the source-list fix
+
+`articles/tanganyika-noxious-plants-ban-1926.md` is new: 352 words, four sections, three sources
+after consolidation, and 16 citation marks. It opens with the June 1926 ban, explains the 1924
+customs notice, describes what the ordinance prohibited, covers the search, arrest and schedule
+powers, and closes with the 1935 consolidation, the 1995 repeal and the 2015 cultivation sentence.
+It links to the Tanzania profile.
+
+The first draft listed the 1924 notice, 1926 ordinance and 1935 ordinance as three sources. They
+share one PDF URL, and the site identifies a source by its URL. On a page that cited more than one
+of them, all three collapsed into one reference: a `[@2]` could render as `[1]`, and the other
+references disappeared. The three entries now use a single UN source with a locator covering the
+relevant pages:
+
+> Revised Edition of the Laws, 1947, chapters 192, 134 and 95; E/NL.1952/83, printed p. 66, item
+> (12); E/NL.1952/81, printed p. 62, sections 1–5 and Schedule; printed pp. 1232–1235 and 1247,
+> sections 2, 7–8 and 23.
+
+The 1924 entry now has one source; the 1926 entry has the UN compilation and the 1995 Act; the
+article has the UN compilation, the 1995 Act and the 2015 Act. The 1935 entry keeps its own
+ordinance-specific source and the 1995 Act. Every listed source renders, and the citation numbers
+match the reference numbers.
+
+## Verification
+
+- `node scripts/data-status.cjs chain tz`: 1924 100 → 98; 1926 98 → 13; 2015 13 → 8; 0 flags.
+- `npm run history:test`: 38 of 38 passed.
+- `npm run answers:test`: 16 of 16 passed.
+- `npm run build`: passed, 4,147 pages.
+- Dataset after the edit: 3,158 entries, 3,088 checked, 10 unchecked, 62 estimated first bans.
+- Built pages inspected: `/history/tanganyika-cannabis-import-ban-1924/` (100 → 98, one
+  reference), `/history/tanganyika-noxious-plants-ban-1926/` (98 → 13, three references: UN
+  compilation, 1995 Act, 2015 Act), `/history/tanganyika-dangerous-drugs-ordinance-1935/` (no score
+  block, two references), and `/country/tz/` (the 1924, 1926, 1935 and 2015 events appear; the 1900
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