Changelog 26 October 2026 336b888

history: add Tunisia 1890 takrouri-monopoly article from Duvall; cite 1890 and 1875 entries

State tobacco monopoly absorbs takrouri: two products, 1902 five-gram box, Constantine imports to self-sufficiency, 5 tonnes a year, monopoly into the 1950s. Both entries gain per-sentence citations and precise locators; the 1875 'needs Duvall' flag is resolved.

2 history entries edited 1 article written 1 file of code, design or docs +85 −8 lines

History changes.yaml

Edited 2

Takrouri joins Tunisia's state tobacco monopoly

description

Takrouri, Tunisian smoking cannabis, was added to the monopoly that had controlled tobacco since 1884.[@1] The 1890 law set prices for two products, flower heads and mixed herb; from 1902 a single product was sold, trimmed and chopped flower heads in five-gram boxes.[@1] Tunisia first relied on imports from Constantine in Algeria and later grew its own.[@1] In the 1910s about five tonnes were sold a year, and the monopoly lasted into the 1950s.[@1]

Ottoman Tunisia bans growing cannabis

description

In the mid-1800s cannabis was smoked openly in Tunisia; in 1875 its cultivation was banned.[@1] Licensed growing returned under the French tobacco monopoly of 1884.[@1]

Articles and atlas entries 1

tunisia-takrouri-monopoly-1890 article · added · 421 words

Code, design and documents 1 file

docs/research/history-tunisia-1890-2026-10-26.md +51 −0

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+# Research pass: Tunisia 1890 monopoly article, 1890 and 1875 entries cited
+
+Research checked on 26 October 2026. Tunisia's 1890 takrouri monopoly
+gains a properly sourced article built from Duvall chapter 9 read in full
+in the local PDF; both the 1890 and 1875 entries get per-sentence
+citations and sharper locators. The Duvall read also resolves the old
+"needs Duvall book" flag on the 1875 entry. No scores, profiles or
+timelines changed.
+
+## What was verified (all sources actually read)
+
+- Chris S. Duvall, The African Roots of Marijuana, ch. 9 (local PDF):
+  mid-1800s open smoking; 1875 cultivation ban; 1884 tobacco monopoly
+  (licensed farming in certain districts, state sales, anti-adulteration
+  purpose); 1890 takruri addition with farming rules loose because of
+  Constantine (Algeria) imports and later self-sufficiency; two products
+  priced in 1890, single trimmed/chopped five-gram box from 1902 (the
+  standard Maghreb preparation, standard for decades); 5,000 kg/year in
+  the 1910s; monopoly into the 1950s; revenue purpose plus shaping
+  colonial agriculture and limiting consumption; southern-Europe tobacco
+  parallel; only Morocco and Tunisia monopolised cannabis; Morocco's
+  morally fraught monopolies, 1888 executive ban after consulting a
+  cleric, public burning, Rif farming allowed, 1896 restoration; 1884
+  Moroccan monopolies at 37% of one northern region's revenues.
+- New `articles/tunisia-takrouri-monopoly-1890.md` (358 words, 4
+  sections, single book source cited throughout; links to the Morocco
+  1888 entry, the 1953 ban entry and /country/tn/). Entries
+  `tunisia-takrouri-monopoly-1890` and `tunisia-cultivation-ban-1875` keep
+  text and scores, gain per-sentence citations and precise locators.
+
+Claim boundaries: the 1875 ban's legal instrument is still untraced —
+the entry claims only the ban fact Duvall states. The 1890 prices
+themselves are not quoted (Duvall gives products, not figures). Morocco
+comparisons stay inside the read passage.
+
+## Dead ends recorded, not forced
+
+- No article attempted for Tunisia 1875: two sentences of fact, and the
+  instrument remains unknown. Soviet 1974 decree text still not in
+  readable form (CIA reading room in maintenance; Russian DBs not
+  found). Gallica still 403.
+
+## Verification and files
+
+- `node -e` YAML load of changes.yaml clean (run before build).
+- `npm run build`, `npm run history:test`, `npm run answers:test` all green;
+  rendered `/history/tunisia-takrouri-monopoly-1890/` citation marks
+  checked.
+- Commit limited to own work: the two Tunisia hunks in changes.yaml, the
+  new article, this note, via pathspec. Foreign staged/worktree files
+  excluded and preserved.